{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:48:02Z","timestamp":1787316482473,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["contraceptionjournal.org","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contraception"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,30]],"date-time":"2016-12-30T03:18:00Z","timestamp":1483067880000},"page":"398-404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Estimating systemic exposure to levonorgestrel from an oral contraceptive"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Cale N.","family":"Basaraba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn L.","family":"Westhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm C.","family":"Pike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renu","family":"Nandakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Cremers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(78)90012-4","article-title":"Investigations of pharmacokinetics of LNG to specific consideration of a possible first-pass effect in women","volume":"17","author":"Humpel","year":"1978","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(81)90045-7","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel and ethynylestradiol in women\u2014studies with Ovran and Ovranette","volume":"23","author":"Back","year":"1981","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90576-S","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of gestagens: some problems","volume":"163","author":"Fotherby","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(90)90062-Z","article-title":"Potency and pharmacokinetics of gestagens","volume":"41","author":"Fotherby","year":"1990","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0025","first-page":"CD010813","article-title":"Combined oral contraceptives: venous thrombosis","volume":"3","author":"de Bastos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000072","article-title":"Progestins for contraception: modern delivery systems and novel formulations","volume":"57","author":"Royer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2014.03.015","article-title":"A systematic review of the impact of oral contraceptives on cognition","volume":"90","author":"Warren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0040","first-page":"CD004861","article-title":"Types of progestogens in combined oral contraception: effectiveness and side-effects","volume":"5","author":"Lawrie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2008.02.020","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and individual variability of circulating levels of ethinyl estradiol and progestins","volume":"78","author":"Goldzieher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1177\/106002808201601108","article-title":"Single-point prediction methods: a critical review","volume":"16","author":"Koup","year":"1982","journal-title":"Drug Intell Clin Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.12.007","article-title":"Estimating systemic exposure to ethinyl estradiol from an oral contraceptive","volume":"212","author":"Westhoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0060","series-title":"Reproductive health and research","first-page":"15","article-title":"Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2012.06.003","article-title":"Using changes in binding globulins to assess oral contraceptive compliance","volume":"87","author":"Westhoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(82)90038-3","article-title":"Calculation of free and bound fractions of testosterone and estradiol-17 beta to human plasma proteins at body temperature","volume":"16","author":"S\u00f6dergard","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1159\/000293644","article-title":"Binding of LNG, norethisterone and desogestrel to human sex hormone binding globulin and influence on free testosterone levels","volume":"27","author":"Nilsson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0080","first-page":"1457","article-title":"Free estradiol and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: comparison of measured and calculated values","volume":"12","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0085","series-title":"How to detect and handle outliers: the American Society for Quality basic references in quality control: statistical techniques","author":"Iglewicz","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(02)03010-5","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus early after liver transplantation","volume":"34","author":"Braun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00352.x","article-title":"AUC-guided dosing of tacrolimus prevents progressive systemic overexposure in renal transplant recipients","volume":"67","author":"Scholten","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1988.7","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel in relation to smoking","volume":"43","author":"Kanarkowsi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2010.01.016","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of a combined oral contraceptive in obese and normal-weight women","volume":"81","author":"Westhoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615216","article-title":"Hemostatic effects of oral contraceptives in women who developed deep-vein thrombosis while using oral contraceptives","volume":"80","author":"Bloemenkamp","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.815","article-title":"Molecular basis of ethnic differences in drug disposition and response","volume":"41","author":"Xie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Contraception"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010782416305455?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010782416305455?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]],"date-time":"2019-09-16T22:31:22Z","timestamp":1568673082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010782416305455"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0010782416305455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-7824"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-7824","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Estimating systemic exposure to levonorgestrel from an oral contraceptive","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Contraception","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}