{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T18:26:33Z","timestamp":1776277593745,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":166,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the United Kingdom's Department for International Development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contraception: X"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]],"date-time":"2020-06-20T17:44:06Z","timestamp":1592675046000},"page":"100030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Which contraceptive side effects matter most? Evidence from current and past users of injectables and implants in Western Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"George","family":"Odwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Obare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuyo","family":"Machiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Cleland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1363\/3101505","article-title":"The impact of menstrual side effects on contraceptive discontinuation: findings from a longitudinal study in Cairo, Egypt","author":"Tolley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Fam Plan Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(01)00284-0","article-title":"Implantable contraceptives for women: effectiveness, discontinuation rates, return of fertility, and outcome of pregnancies","volume":"65","author":"Glasier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199724","article-title":"Bleeding, cramping, and satisfaction among new copper IUD users: a prospective study","volume":"13","author":"Sanders","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.025","article-title":"Association of short-term bleeding and cramping patterns with long-acting reversible contraceptive method satisfaction","volume":"212","author":"Diedrich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2307\/2133186","article-title":"Method-related menstrual irregularities especially increased bleeding often lead to discontinuation","volume":"21","author":"Hollander","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Fam Plan Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2010.08.001","article-title":"The management of unacceptable bleeding patterns in etonogestrel-releasing contraceptive implant users","volume":"83","author":"Mansour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.01.009","article-title":"Bleeding patterns of adolescents using a combination contraceptive injection for 1 year","volume":"73","author":"de Mello Jacobucci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2011.11.018","article-title":"Opinion and experience of Brazilian women regarding menstrual bleeding and use of combined oral contraceptives","volume":"117","author":"Makuch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2014.05.003","article-title":"Progestin-only contraception: injectables and implants","volume":"28","author":"Jacobstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2008.11.012","article-title":"Side effects from the copper IUD: do they decrease over time?","volume":"79","author":"Hubacher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/sifp.12023","article-title":"Contribution of contraceptive discontinuation to unintended births in 36 developing countries","volume":"48","author":"Jain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-015-0255-5","article-title":"\u201cEvery method seems to have its problems\u201d \u2014 perspectives on side effects of hormonal contraceptives in Morogoro region","volume":"15","author":"Chebet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tanzania BMC Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0065","article-title":"\u201cI spent a full month bleeding, I thought I was going to die\u2026\u201d a qualitative study of experiences of women using modern contraception in Wakiso District","volume":"10","author":"Kibira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Uganda PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0070","series-title":"Kenya demographic and health survey 2014","author":"Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS)","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-018-0561-0","article-title":"There might be blood: a scoping review on women\u2019s responses to contraceptive-induced menstrual bleeding changes","volume":"15","author":"Polis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproductive Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1363\/3913313","article-title":"Reducing unmet need by supporting women with met need","volume":"39","author":"Jain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00179","article-title":"A challenge to human evolution \u2014 cognitive dissonance","volume":"4","author":"Perlovsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490509552288","article-title":"Cycles of shame: menstrual shame, body shame, and sexual decision-making","volume":"42","author":"Schooler","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0095","series-title":"Kenya population and housing census volume I: population by county and sub-county 2019","author":"Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS)","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0100","unstructured":"Ministry of Health (MOH). Kenya HIV estimates 2018. NACC. [Nairobi]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0105","series-title":"Family planning, IntechOpen","article-title":"Contraceptive failure among women in Homa Bay County of Kenya: a matter of user and provider deficiencies","author":"Obare","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-018-0514-7","article-title":"Women\u2019s attitudes and beliefs towards specific contraceptive methods in Bangladesh and Kenya","volume":"15","author":"Machiyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproductive Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-016-0268-z","article-title":"Reasons for unmet need for family planning, with attention to the measurement of fertility preferences: protocol for a multi-site cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Machiyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproductive Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932018000299","article-title":"Factors influencing satisfaction with oral contraceptive pills and injectables among past users in Kenya","volume":"51","author":"Odwe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biosoc Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/13625180801959931","article-title":"The effects of Implanon\u00ae on menstrual bleeding patterns","volume":"13","author":"Mansour","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1363\/3701611","article-title":"What differentiates method stoppers from switchers? Contraceptive discontinuation and switching among Honduran women","volume":"37","author":"Barden-O\u2019Fallon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0135","series-title":"Beyond acceptability: reorienting research on contraceptive choice. Beyond acceptability: users\u2019 perspectives on contraception","author":"Heise","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1363\/45e7919","article-title":"Missed opportunities: menstruation matters for family planning","volume":"45","author":"Hennegan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3182294a50","article-title":"The nocebo effect and its relevance for clinical practice","volume":"73","author":"Colloca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2010.06.010","article-title":"Nonspecific side effects of oral contraceptives: nocebo or noise?","volume":"83","author":"Grimes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030_bb0155","first-page":"21","article-title":"Compliance and use behaviour, an issue in injectable as well as oral contraceptive use? A study of injectable and oral contraceptive use in Johannesburg","volume":"24","author":"Beksinska","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Fam Plann"}],"container-title":["Contraception: X"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590151620300137?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590151620300137?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T02:35:17Z","timestamp":1762914917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590151620300137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S2590151620300137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-1516"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-1516","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Which contraceptive side effects matter most? Evidence from current and past users of injectables and implants in Western Kenya","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Contraception: X","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100030"}}