{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:08:51Z","timestamp":1782284931806,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmn.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T01:38:38Z","timestamp":1634866718000},"page":"98-105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Current therapeutic options"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2975-4327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avik","family":"Majumdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1549-8003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jef","family":"Verbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel A.","family":"Tsochatzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25762","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guideline by the American association for the study of liver diseases, American college of gastroenterology, and the American gastroenterological association","volume":"55","author":"Chalasani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.043","article-title":"Liver fibrosis, but No other histologic features, is associated with long-term outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"149","author":"Angulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27368","article-title":"Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up","volume":"61","author":"Ekstedt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.07.027","article-title":"Fibrosis stage but not NASH predicts mortality and time to development of severe liver disease in biopsy-proven NAFLD","volume":"67","author":"Hagstrom","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.06.021","article-title":"The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.11.014","article-title":"Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from pathophysiology to therapeutics","volume":"92","author":"Polyzos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.312","article-title":"MAFLD: a consensus-driven proposed nomenclature for metabolic associated fatty liver disease","volume":"158","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14478","article-title":"What\u2019s in a name? Renaming \u2018NAFLD\u2019 to \u2019MAFLD","volume":"40","author":"Fouad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154413","article-title":"Commentary: nonalcoholic or metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease? The epidemic of the 21st century in search of the most appropriate name","volume":"113","author":"Polyzos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","author":"Chalasani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1124","article-title":"Risk for development of severe liver disease in lean patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"2","author":"Hagstrom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109","article-title":"Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Younossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.11.039","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the second leading etiology of liver disease among adults awaiting liver transplantation in the United States","volume":"148","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.04.011","article-title":"Outcomes of liver transplantation for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a European Liver Transplant Registry study","volume":"71","author":"Haldar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25361","article-title":"Increasing incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis as an indication for liver transplantation in Australia and New Zealand","volume":"25","author":"Calzadilla-Bertot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0088-6","article-title":"NASH leading cause of liver transplant in women: updated analysis of indications for liver transplant and ethnic and gender variances","volume":"113","author":"Noureddin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11518","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011518","article-title":"Liver transplantation (LT) for cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cirrhosis: data from the scientific registry of transplant recipients (SRTR): 1994 to 2016","volume":"97","author":"Golabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.03.005","article-title":"Contribution of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to the burden of liver-related morbidity and mortality","volume":"150","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.04.014","article-title":"The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study","volume":"129","author":"Adams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14270","article-title":"Burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Australia","volume":"33","author":"Mahady","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.41","article-title":"Progression of NAFLD to diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease or cirrhosis","volume":"10","author":"Anstee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.04.005","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk: pathophysiological mechanisms and implications","volume":"65","author":"Francque","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.018","article-title":"The risk of incident extrahepatic cancers is higher in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease than obesity - a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"71","author":"Allen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_sref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.005","article-title":"Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"149","author":"Vilar-Gomez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.01.048","article-title":"Dietary fat and carbohydrates differentially alter insulin sensitivity during caloric restriction","volume":"136","author":"Kirk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3786","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0102","article-title":"Long-lasting improvements in liver fat and metabolism despite body weight regain after dietary weight loss","volume":"36","author":"Haufe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_sref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.2248","article-title":"Association of weight loss interventions with changes in biomarkers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"179","author":"Koutoukidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_sref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.11.051","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on lifestyle modification using diet and exercise to achieve weight loss in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: expert review","volume":"160","author":"Younossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.10.006","article-title":"Electronic address eee. EASL clinical practice guidelines: liver transplantation","volume":"64","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_sref31","article-title":"Association of weight changes with changes in histological features and blood markers in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"S1542\u20133565","author":"Koutoukidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_sref32","first-page":"CD013156","article-title":"Lifestyle modifications for nonalcohol-related fatty liver disease: a network meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Buzzetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2017-000139","article-title":"Efficacy of dietary and physical activity intervention in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Kenneally","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2017.01.147","article-title":"AISF position paper on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): updates and future directions","volume":"49","author":"Italian Association for the Study of the","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23535","article-title":"Increased fructose consumption is associated with fibrosis severity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Abdelmalek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.02.011","article-title":"Fructose consumption as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"48","author":"Ouyang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-009-0042-x","article-title":"Comparison of free fructose and glucose to sucrose in the ability to cause fatty liver","volume":"49","author":"Sanchez-Lozada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.01.015","article-title":"High red and processed meat consumption is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance","volume":"68","author":"Zelber-Sagi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800389","article-title":"Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts","volume":"378","author":"Estruch","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30076","article-title":"Ad libitum mediterranean and low-fat diets both significantly reduce hepatic steatosis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Properzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.04.013","article-title":"The beneficial effects of Mediterranean diet over low-fat diet may be mediated by decreasing hepatic fat content","volume":"71","author":"Gepner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.02.012","article-title":"The Mediterranean diet improves hepatic steatosis and insulin sensitivity in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"59","author":"Ryan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10991-7","article-title":"All coffee types decrease the risk of adverse clinical outcomes in chronic liver disease: a UK Biobank study","volume":"21","author":"Kennedy","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.10.005","article-title":"Association of coffee intake with reduced incidence of liver cancer and death from chronic liver disease in the US multiethnic cohort","volume":"148","author":"Setiawan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12379","article-title":"Coffee consumption in NAFLD patients with lower insulin resistance is associated with lower risk of severe fibrosis","volume":"34","author":"Bambha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30864","article-title":"Risks of light and moderate alcohol use in fatty liver disease: follow-up of population cohorts","volume":"71","author":"Aberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.034","article-title":"Fibrosis severity as a determinant of cause-specific mortality in patients with advanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a multi-national cohort study","volume":"155","author":"Vilar-Gomez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_sref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.08.023","article-title":"Aerobic vs. resistance exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review","volume":"66","author":"Hashida","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.02.023","article-title":"Exercise and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Keating","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_sref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.06.006","article-title":"Bariatric surgery provides long-term resolution of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and regression of fibrosis","volume":"159","author":"Lassailly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.014","article-title":"Bariatric surgery reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in morbidly obese patients","volume":"149","author":"Lassailly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.10.034","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on bariatric surgery in cirrhosis: expert review","volume":"19","author":"Patton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29848","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of patients undergoing simultaneous liver transplantation and sleeve gastrectomy","volume":"68","author":"Zamora-Valdes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_sref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154291","article-title":"Changing trends of liver transplantation and mortality from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","author":"Majumdar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060326","article-title":"A\u00a0placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"355","author":"Belfort","year":"2006","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1774","article-title":"Long-term pioglitazone treatment for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized trial","volume":"165","author":"Cusi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907929","article-title":"Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"362","author":"Sanyal","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.9607","article-title":"Thiazolidinediones and advanced liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"177","author":"Musso","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67528-9","article-title":"Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial in macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"366","author":"Dormandy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506930","article-title":"Pioglitazone after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack","volume":"374","author":"Kernan","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05657-9","article-title":"Vitamin E ameliorates lipid metabolism in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via nrf2\/CES1 signaling pathway","volume":"64","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0167","article-title":"Role of vitamin E for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Bril","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-1-200501040-00110","article-title":"Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality","volume":"142","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2174\/1874609811104020158","article-title":"Vitamin E and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Abner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Aging Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_sref65","first-page":"Cd011640","article-title":"Pharmacological interventions for non-alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD): an attempted network meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Lombardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00408-y","article-title":"Therapeutic pipeline in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"18","author":"Vuppalanchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61933-4","article-title":"Farnesoid X nuclear receptor ligand obeticholic acid for non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (FLINT): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"Neuschwander-Tetri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_sref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)33041-7","article-title":"Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"394","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32517-6","article-title":"Resmetirom (MGL-3196) for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"394","author":"Harrison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.04.038","article-title":"The fatty acid-bile acid conjugate Aramchol reduces liver fat content in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Safadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity","volume":"384","author":"Wilding","year":"2021","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_sref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2028395","article-title":"A\u00a0placebo-controlled trial of subcutaneous semaglutide in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"384","author":"Newsome","year":"2021","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.01.040","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and liver transplantation: a review and guide to management","volume":"53","author":"Watt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002317","article-title":"Recurrent or de novo allograft steatosis and long-term outcomes after liver transplantation","volume":"103","author":"Narayanan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_sref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002485","article-title":"Management of recurrent and de novo NAFLD\/NASH after liver transplantation","volume":"103","author":"Germani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e345","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002916","article-title":"Incidence and risks for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis post-liver transplant: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Saeed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2012.01576.x","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and its association with fatty liver disease after orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"26","author":"Sprinzl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21396","article-title":"Steroid avoidance in liver transplantation: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized trials","volume":"14","author":"Segev","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23566","article-title":"Long-term management of the successful adult liver transplant: 2012 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Society of Transplantation","volume":"19","author":"Lucey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Liver Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v12.i12.1168","article-title":"Metabolic associated fatty liver disease: addressing a new era in liver transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Gill","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471489221001478?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471489221001478?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T06:54:51Z","timestamp":1761461691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471489221001478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["S1471489221001478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-4892"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-4892","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Current therapeutic options","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Opinion in Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coph.2021.09.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}