{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T07:29:44Z","timestamp":1786433384083,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T23:45:22Z","timestamp":1782949522000},"page":"102356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Racialized psychotherapy: Understudied risks and the case for empirical scrutiny"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5576-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Strambler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib1","series-title":"Mental health: culture, race, and ethnicity\u2014A supplement to mental health: a report of the surgeon general. Rockville, MD: substance abuse and mental health services administration","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v4.i4.133","article-title":"Racial disparities in psychotic disorder diagnosis: a review of empirical literature","volume":"4","author":"Schwartz","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000309","article-title":"Meta-analysis of black vs. white racial disparity in schizophrenia diagnosis in the United States: do structured assessments attenuate racial disparities?","volume":"127","author":"Olbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153729","article-title":"The contribution of cultural competence to evidence-based care for ethnically diverse populations","volume":"10","author":"Huey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102192","article-title":"Do psychosocial treatment outcomes vary by race or ethnicity? A review of meta-analyses","volume":"96","author":"Cougle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib6","series-title":"Using race and culture in counseling and psychotherapy: theory and process","author":"Helms","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/0011000006292033","article-title":"Racism and psychological and emotional injury: recognizing and assessing race-based traumatic stress","volume":"35","author":"Carter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Couns Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116054","article-title":"Providing antiracist cognitive-behavioral therapy: guidelines, tools, and tips","volume":"339","author":"C\u00e9nat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000392","article-title":"RECASTing racial stress and trauma: theorizing the healing potential of racial socialization in families","volume":"74","author":"Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib10","article-title":"Radical healing in psychotherapy: addressing the wounds of racism-related stress and trauma","author":"Adames","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2022.07.001","article-title":"An evidence-based approach for treating stress and trauma due to racism","volume":"30","author":"Williams","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cognit Behav Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1037\/h0085885","article-title":"The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance","volume":"16","author":"Bordin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychother Theory Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1037\/pst0000185","article-title":"Alliance rupture repair: a meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Eubanks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.9.3.329","article-title":"The psychotherapy dose-response effect and its implications for treatment delivery services","volume":"9","author":"Hansen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6916.2007.00029.x","article-title":"Psychological treatments that cause harm","volume":"2","author":"Lilienfeld","year":"2007","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12760","article-title":"Scoping review: potential harm from school-based group mental health interventions","volume":"30","author":"Guzman-Holst","year":"2025","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691616659391","article-title":"Microaggressions: strong claims, inadequate evidence","volume":"12","author":"Lilienfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.06.074","article-title":"The perseverative cognition hypothesis: a review of worry, prolonged stress-related physiological activation, and health","volume":"60","author":"Brosschot","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561","article-title":"Rumination reconsidered: a psychometric analysis","volume":"27","author":"Treynor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-024-00208-2","article-title":"Research recommendations for assessing potential harm from universal school-based mental health interventions","volume":"2","author":"Foulkes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib21","article-title":"Potential harm from universal school-based mental health interventions: candidate mechanisms and future directions","volume":"67","author":"Foulkes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.103442","article-title":"Coping as a mediator between locus of control, competence beliefs, and mental health: a systematic review and structural equation modelling meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Groth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.06.002","article-title":"Locus of control: relation to schizophrenia, to recovery, and to depression and psychosis \u2014 a 15-year longitudinal study","volume":"168","author":"Harrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.04.005","article-title":"Differential associations of locus of control with anxiety, depression and life-events: a five-wave, nine-year study to test stability and change","volume":"253","author":"Hovenkamp-Hermelink","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2021.07.808","article-title":"Meta-analysis: are psychotherapies less effective for black youth in communities with higher levels of anti-black racism?","volume":"61","author":"Price","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.09.040","article-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to reduce depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"260","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib27","series-title":"Reaching higher: the power of expectations in schooling","author":"Weinstein","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr0902_3","article-title":"Teacher expectations and self-fulfilling prophecies: knowns and unknowns, resolved and unresolved controversies","volume":"9","author":"Jussim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102063","article-title":"The effectiveness of adapted psychological interventions for people from ethnic minority groups: a systematic review and conceptual typology","volume":"88","author":"Arundell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023626","article-title":"Culturally adapted psychotherapy and the legitimacy of myth: a direct-comparison meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Benish","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Counsel Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-3204.43.4.531","article-title":"Culturally adapted mental health interventions: a meta-analytic review","volume":"43","author":"Griner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychother Theor Res Pract Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410701820174","article-title":"Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for ethnic minority youth","volume":"37","author":"Huey","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib33","first-page":"405","article-title":"Is culturally sensitive cognitive behavioral therapy an empirically supported treatment? The case for hispanics","volume":"15","author":"Benuto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Psychol Psychol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib34","article-title":"Do identity-focused treatments improve mental health outcomes? A critical examination of assumptions and evidence in diversity-oriented psychotherapy research","volume":"70","author":"Cougle","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15070856","article-title":"Treating racial trauma: the methodology of a randomized controlled trial of the healing racial trauma protocol","volume":"15","author":"Osman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025266","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic matching of clients and therapists in mental health services: a meta-analytic review of preferences, perceptions, and outcomes","volume":"58","author":"Cabral","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Counsel Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-025-02546-y","article-title":"A review of reviews assessing patient\u2013provider racial and ethnic concordance in mental health","author":"Jackson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Dispar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000086","article-title":"A meta-analysis of multicultural competencies and psychotherapy process and outcome","volume":"62","author":"Tao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Counsel Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-025-01833-3","article-title":"Culturally adapted interventions for anxiety and trauma-related disorders in marginalized youth: a systematic review","author":"Schaechter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Child Psychiatr Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib40","series-title":"Bridging the gap: evaluating the efficacy of racial trauma therapy training for community mental health clinicians. Psychological trauma: Theory, research, practice, and policy","author":"Kniffley","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib41","article-title":"Cultural adaptations to the assessment and treatment of trauma experiences among racial and ethnic minority groups: a mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Benjamin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.002","article-title":"Adverse event recording failed to reflect potential harms: a review of trial protocols of behavioural, lifestyle and psychological therapy interventions","author":"Papaioannou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib43","article-title":"Race, ethnicity, and other cultural background factors in trials of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression: systematic review","volume":"26","author":"De Jes\u00fas-Romero","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib44","first-page":"181","article-title":"The dangerous usefulness of theorising about race and racism in psychotherapy","volume":"18","author":"Brooks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychodyn Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib45","unstructured":"A review of meta-analyses found little evidence that psychosocial treatment outcomes differ by client race or ethnicity. It speaks directly to the paper\u2019s opening premise, as it suggests that foregrounding race does not determine whether minority clients improve."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib46","unstructured":"A representative statement of the antiracist cognitive-behavioral approach that the paper examines, with concrete guidelines for placing race at the center of treatment. It illustrates the clinical practices whose potential for harm the paper argues has gone unstudied."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib47","unstructured":"Identifies candidate mechanisms by which universal school-based mental health interventions can produce harm. It is the closest available analog to the paper\u2019s hypervigilance argument, showing how interventions meant to help can instead entrench maladaptive rumination."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib48","unstructured":"A critical examination of the assumptions and evidence behind identity-focused, diversity-oriented psychotherapy, published in the same special issue. It questions whether centering identity improves mental health outcomes and finds the supporting evidence weak, which reinforces the argument made here."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib49","unstructured":"Sets out the design and methodological considerations for a planned randomized controlled trial of the Healing Racial Trauma Protocol. It is a trial protocol rather than a completed study and reports no outcomes, so it confirms that the most explicitly race-focused protocol has not yet been tested for efficacy \u2014 the gap the sentence identifies."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356_bib50","unstructured":"A systematic review of culturally adapted interventions for minority youth, finding that primary studies rarely isolate which specific adaptations produce which effects. It supports the paper\u2019s argument that the active ingredients of race-focused treatment remain unidentified."}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352250X26000941?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352250X26000941?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T06:55:52Z","timestamp":1786431352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352250X26000941"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S2352250X26000941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-250X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-250X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Racialized psychotherapy: Understudied risks and the case for empirical scrutiny","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Opinion in Psychology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102356","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102356"}}