{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:02:13Z","timestamp":1790114533972,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["864420 - Neurolive"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["864420 - Neurolive"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:45:00Z","timestamp":1787931900000},"page":"102432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The neuroaesthetics of liveness"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3725-3979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"Orgs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib1","unstructured":"Gaudiaut T. Live music revenues continue upward trend [Internet]. Statista; 2026 Apr 10 [cited 2026 Sep 4]. Available from: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/chart\/30261\/estimated-gross-merchandise-value-of-online-ticket-sales-to-music-events-worldwide\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib2","series-title":"Two circles (GB) [Internet]","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib3","series-title":"Unmarked: the politics of performance","first-page":"146","article-title":"The ontology of performance: representation without reproduction","author":"Phelan","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib4","series-title":"\u00c4sthetik des Performativen. 10. Auflage","first-page":"376","author":"Fischer-Lichte","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib5","series-title":"The performer-audience connection: emotion to metaphor in dance and society","first-page":"273","author":"Hanna","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib6","series-title":"Shared Representations: sensorimotor foundations of Social Life","article-title":"You move , I watch , it matters : aesthetic communication in dance","author":"Orgs","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib7","series-title":"Liveness: performance in a mediatized culture","first-page":"224","author":"Auslander","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib8","first-page":"3","article-title":"Digital liveness: a Historico-Philosophical perspective","volume":"34","author":"Auslander","year":"2012","journal-title":"PAJ A J Perform Art"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib9","series-title":"Documentation, disappearance and the representation of live performance [Internet]","author":"Reason","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib10","series-title":"Performing remains: art and war in times of theatrical reenactment","first-page":"260","author":"Schneider","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib11","first-page":"40","article-title":"Liveness on stage: intermedial challenges in contemporary British theatre and performance","volume":"2014","author":"Georgi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Engl Am Stud German"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib12","unstructured":"Del Vecchio J, Farrell E. \u201cBut How Will They Know It\u2019s Live?\u201d: Anonymous Ensemble\u2019s Digital Performances. Critical Stages. 2022 Jun 1(25). https:\/\/www.critical-stages.org\/25\/but-how-will-they-know-its-live-anonymous-ensembles-digital-performances\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2022.914392","article-title":"A separate reality: an update on place illusion and plausibility in virtual reality","volume":"3","author":"Slater","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Virtual Real"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02682","article-title":"How live music moves Us: head movement differences in audiences to live versus recorded music","volume":"9","author":"Swarbrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib15","article-title":"The influence of formats and preferences on the aesthetic experience of classical music concert streams","volume":"13","author":"Wald-Fuhrmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Aesthet Creat Art"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2023.105537","article-title":"Aesthetic and physiological effects of naturalistic multimodal music listening","volume":"239","author":"Czepiel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"nsag021","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsag021","article-title":"From lab to concert hall: effects of live performance on neural-acoustic phase-locking and engagement","volume":"21","author":"Asthagiri","year":"2026","journal-title":"Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib18","series-title":"Postdramatisches theater","author":"Lehmann","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.02.012","article-title":"Joint music listening enhances interpersonal affective and neural synchrony","volume":"198","author":"Curzel","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3813","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60832-7","article-title":"Audience spontaneous entrainment during the collective enjoyment of live performances: physiological and behavioral measurements","volume":"10","author":"Ardizzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.05.073","article-title":"Modulation of humor ratings of bad jokes by other people\u2019s laughter","volume":"29","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib22","article-title":"Experiencing liveness from recorded music","author":"Rai","year":"2024","journal-title":"PsyArXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib23","article-title":"A theoretical framework of performance-viewing medium richness","volume":"13","author":"Zuo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cogent Art Humanit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112922","article-title":"Delta-band audience brain synchrony tracks engagement with live and recorded dance","volume":"28","author":"Rai","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2025.106152","article-title":"Aesthetic appeal of dance actions depends on expressivity, liveness and audience characteristics","volume":"263","author":"Christensen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pgac020","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgac020","article-title":"Cognitive processing of a common stimulus synchronizes brains, hearts, and eyes","volume":"1","author":"Madsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6000","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16525","article-title":"Cortical oscillations are modified by expertise in dance and music: evidence from live dance audience","volume":"60","author":"Poikonen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2316306121","article-title":"Live music stimulates the affective brain and emotionally entrains listeners in real time","volume":"121","author":"Trost","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-73438-0","article-title":"Movement synchrony among dance performers predicts brain synchrony among dance spectators","volume":"14","author":"Orgs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib30","article-title":"Joint action aesthetics","volume":"vol. 12","author":"Vicary","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021905118","article-title":"Neural signatures of attentional engagement during narratives and its consequences for event memory","volume":"118","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01331-6","article-title":"The human brain reactivates context-specific past information at event boundaries of naturalistic experiences","volume":"26","author":"Hahamy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00156","article-title":"Oscillatory brain correlates of live joint attention: a Dual-EEG study","volume":"6","author":"Lachat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib34","article-title":"Audience gaze indicates felt social connection with individual performers during live dance","author":"Arthuis","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib35","first-page":"160","article-title":"Concert formats influence how audiences experience live classical music","volume":"13","author":"Wald-Fuhrmann","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hum Soc Sci Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2014.11.004","article-title":"In the white cube: museum context enhances the valuation and memory of art","volume":"154","author":"Brieber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/aca0000763","article-title":"A time and a place for art perception","author":"Linden","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol Aesthet Creat Art"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1037\/aca0000107","article-title":"Do you see what I see? An investigation of the aesthetic experience in the laboratory and museum","volume":"11","author":"Specker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Aesthet Creat Art"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1037\/aca0000141","article-title":"Beyond the lab: an examination of key factors influencing interaction with \u2018real\u2019 and museum-based art","volume":"11","author":"Pelowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Aesthet Creat Art"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1037\/aca0000399","article-title":"Is a \u201creal\u201d artwork better than a reproduction? A meta-analysis of the genuineness effect","volume":"17","author":"Specker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Aesthet Creat Art"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1037\/aca0000733","article-title":"A view worth talking about: the influence of social interaction on aesthetic experience and well-being outcomes in the gallery","volume":"20","author":"Igdalova","year":"2026","journal-title":"Psychol Aesthet Creat Art"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1037\/aca0000727","article-title":"Engaged and confused: aesthetic appreciation of live and screened contemporary dance","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Psychol Aesthet Creat Art"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib43","series-title":"Companion of the 2025 ACM international joint conference on pervasive and ubiquitous computing [Internet]","first-page":"1428","article-title":"Snakeskin in the wild: a multi-sensor framework for performance art: a case study in multimodal sensor synchronization","author":"Febbo","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106827","article-title":"Rhythms of interaction \u2013 the timescales of social coordination and why they matter","volume":"189","author":"Hamilton","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-36958-5","article-title":"Testing the causal relationship between interpersonal closeness and inter-brain synchrony","volume":"16","author":"Fornari","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-024-00864-1","article-title":"Mobile brain imaging in butoh dancers: from rehearsals to public performance","volume":"25","author":"Theofanopoulou","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib46","unstructured":"This study compares physical liveness only, keeping social liveness constant. People listen individually to a live performance or a recorded version of solo violin music. Live music produces greater phase coupling to the rhythmical structure of the music. The study elegantly isolates acoustic differences related to the liveness context and links these stimulus differences to audience engagement and the strength of slow wave EEG phase coupling to the music."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib47","unstructured":"A large-scale real-world neuroscience study manipulating both physical and social liveness. Delta-band audience brain synchrony varied continuously with artistically predicted and actual continuous audience engagement across different performance contexts. Audience brain synchrony was highest when dance was watched live and together with others. In contrast social liveness increased arousal during sections of both high and low continuous engagement, that is independent of the unfolding performance content."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib48","unstructured":"An fMRI study where individual listeners in the scanner provide real-time neural feedback (their visualised amygdala activity) to a pianist who is playing live for them. Engagement and brain activations are compared to a control condition in which the pianist does not perceive visual\/neural feedback. This amounts to a manipulation of temporal without spatial physical liveness: musical timing in the live condition is contingent on the listeners brain activity leading to tighter coupling between brain activity and musical features. In both conditions, there is no spatial co-presence between performer and listener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib49","unstructured":"This study is an elegant example of a pure manipulation of social liveness while physical liveness is held constant. Extending the concept of social liveness to the visual arts, original artworks were viewed alone or together with others in a gallery space. The study shows that the kind of social interaction that people have during collective viewing matters for aesthetic experience and art engagement. Effects of collective viewing on wellbeing were only observed in a condition where viewers were encouraged to discuss the artwork. Such context effects may well be specific to individual artforms. Arguably, open discussions between spectators may be less beneficial to the collective aesthetics of film, certainly while watching."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432_bib50","unstructured":"This behavioural study involves a manipulation of physical liveness, while social liveness (collective viewing) is held constant while people watch a dance performance either live or recorded in a cinema, in both cases as a group. The study reveals that the effect of physical liveness on self-reported audience engagement after the show vanishes if dance experience of audience member is considered statistically. The study therefore highlights a moderating effect of artistic expertise on liveness."}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352250X26001703?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352250X26001703?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:10:52Z","timestamp":1790111452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352250X26001703"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S2352250X26001703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-250X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-250X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The neuroaesthetics of liveness","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Opinion in Psychology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2026.102432","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102432"}}