{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:45:56Z","timestamp":1790970356300,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cortex"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,13]],"date-time":"2009-06-13T04:12:11Z","timestamp":1244866331000},"page":"637-649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["New insights into feature and conjunction search: II. Evidence from Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Gillian","family":"Porter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Leonards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Wilcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Haworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Troscianko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Tales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. DSM-IV. 4th ed. Washington (DC), 1994."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh045","article-title":"Inhibitory functioning in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"127","author":"Amieva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib3","series-title":"Working Memory","author":"Baddeley","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.8.1492","article-title":"Attentional control in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"124","author":"Baddeley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.6.2521","article-title":"The decline of working memory in Alzheimer's disease: A\u00a0longitudinal study","volume":"114","author":"Baddeley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.6.2521","article-title":"The decline of working memory in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"114","author":"Baddeley","year":"1986","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.91.2.276","article-title":"Task-evoked pupillary responses, processing load, and the structure of processing resources","volume":"91","author":"Beatty","year":"1982","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib8","series-title":"Handbook of Psychophysiology","first-page":"14","article-title":"The pupillary system","author":"Beatty","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.121.2.264","article-title":"Cholinergic influences on feature binding","volume":"121","author":"Body","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavioural Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2008.00654.x","article-title":"The pupil as a measure of emotional arousal and autonomic activation","volume":"45","author":"Bradley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib11","series-title":"Neuropsychology of Memory","first-page":"3","article-title":"Age differences in remembering","author":"Craik","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)54011-7","article-title":"A cholinergic mechanism underlies persistent neural activity necessary for eye fixation","volume":"154","author":"Delgado-Garcia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Progress in Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.96.3.433","article-title":"Visual search and stimulus similarity","volume":"96","author":"Duncan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.19.6.728","article-title":"Neocortical disconnectivity disrupts sensory integration in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"19","author":"Festa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib15","series-title":"Seminars in Speech and Language, vol. 23. Attention: Its Neuroanatomical Bases, Forms, Disorders, Assessments, and Treatment in Adults with Specific Neurological Disorders","first-page":"139","article-title":"The effect of attentional dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: Theoretical and practical implications","author":"Foldi","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.19.1.5","article-title":"Effects of graded levels of physical similarity and density on visual selective attention in patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"19","author":"Foldi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"Mini-mental state: A\u00a0practical method for grading the state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.13.2.223","article-title":"Visual attention deficits in Alzheimer's disease: Simple versus conjoined feature search","volume":"13","author":"Foster","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(00)00099-4","article-title":"Changes in pupil reaction to light in Alzheimer's disease patients: A preliminary report","volume":"37","author":"Fotiou","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1037\/h0032456","article-title":"Psychological significance of pupillary movements","volume":"77","author":"Goldwater","year":"1972","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1996.tb01071.x","article-title":"Pupillary responses index cognitive resource limitations","volume":"33","author":"Granholm","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(02)00122-8","article-title":"Tropicamide effects on pupil size and pupillary light reflexes in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease","volume":"47","author":"Granholm","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.106.3.458","article-title":"Pupillary responses index overload of working memory resources in schizophrenia","volume":"106","author":"Granholm","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617700611049","article-title":"Accelerated age-related decline in processing resources in schizophrenia: Evidence from pupillary responses recorded during the span of apprehension task","volume":"6","author":"Granholm","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.12.015","article-title":"Phenylephrine and pilocarpine eye drop test for dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"414","author":"Hanyu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2006.09.002","article-title":"The role of acetylcholine in learning and memory","volume":"16","author":"Hasselmo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206825","article-title":"Control of fixation during a simple search task","volume":"58","author":"Hooge","year":"1996","journal-title":"Perception and Psychophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(98)00213-2","article-title":"Peripheral vision and oculomotor control during visual search","volume":"39","author":"Hooge","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1126\/science.154.3756.1583","article-title":"Pupil diameter and load on memory","volume":"154","author":"Kahneman","year":"1966","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib29","series-title":"Attention and Effort","author":"Kahneman","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.18.3.580","article-title":"Selective attention impairments in Alzheimer's disease: evidence for dissociable components","volume":"18","author":"Levinoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/62.9.923","article-title":"Cholinesterase inhibitor use in geriatric outpatients with dementia","volume":"62","author":"Linnebur","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib32","series-title":"The Pupil: Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Applications","author":"Loewenfeld","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of the department of health and human services task force on Alzheimer's disease","volume":"34","author":"McKhann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.8.4.544","article-title":"Working memory in Alzheimer-type dementia","volume":"8","author":"Morris","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh051","article-title":"Visual exploration behaviour during clock reading in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"127","author":"Mosimann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1385\/JMN:30:1:125","article-title":"A cholinergic mechanism for eye fixation","volume":"30","author":"Navarro-Lopez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00076-X","article-title":"Cholinergic modulation, visual function and Alzheimer's dementia","volume":"37","author":"Nobili","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(01)00250-4","article-title":"Modelling the role of salience in the allocation of overt visual attention","volume":"42","author":"Parkhurst","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.3.383","article-title":"Attention and executive deficits in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"122","author":"Perry","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib40","first-page":"108","article-title":"The control of fixation duration during scene perception","volume":"15","author":"Pierce","year":"2006","journal-title":"Visual Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.013","article-title":"New insights into feature and conjunction search: I. Evidence from pupil size, eye movements and ageing","volume":"46","author":"Porter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210600673818","article-title":"Effort during visual search and counting: insights from pupillometry","volume":"60","author":"Porter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.6.665","article-title":"Altered pupillary size and\u00a0darkness and light reflexes in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"62","author":"Prettyman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal\u00a0of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.14.3.398","article-title":"Alterations of visual search strategy in Alzheimer's disease and aging","volume":"14","author":"R\u00f6sler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5612","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70191-6","article-title":"The zoom lens of focal attention in visual search: Changes in aging and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"41","author":"R\u00f6sler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(00)00052-1","article-title":"Aging and measures of processing speed","volume":"54","author":"Salthouse","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7973660","article-title":"A potential non-invasive neurobiological test for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"266","author":"Scinto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70207-7","article-title":"Attentional dysfunction of\u00a0the central executive in AD: Evidence from dual task and perseveration errors","volume":"42","author":"Sebastian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib49","first-page":"1272","article-title":"Spectrum of\u00a0saccade system function in Alzheimer disease","volume":"60","author":"Shafiq-Antonacci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of\u00a0Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2003.12.005","article-title":"Sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of pupillary dilation during sustained processing","volume":"52","author":"Steinhauer","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Visual search in Alzheimer's disease: A\u00a0deficiency in processing conjunctions of features","volume":"1440","author":"Tales","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2003.08.002","article-title":"The effects of saliency and task difficulty on visual search performance in ageing and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"42","author":"Tales","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib53","article-title":"Visual attention-related processing in Alzheimer's disease","author":"Tales","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reviews in Clinical Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib54","first-page":"473","article-title":"The pupillary light reflex in ageing and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Tales","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/02724988843000104","article-title":"Features and objects: The fourteenth Bartlett memorial lecture","volume":"40A","author":"Treisman","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(80)90005-5","article-title":"A feature integration theory of\u00a0attention","volume":"12","author":"Treisman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib57","series-title":"Attention","first-page":"13","article-title":"Visual search","author":"Wolfe","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.23.1.244","article-title":"Eye movements during parallel-serial visual search","volume":"23","author":"Zelinsky","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology, Human\u00a0Perception and Performance"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.02.015","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304208000000}}],"container-title":["Cortex"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010945209001646?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010945209001646?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T23:56:48Z","timestamp":1757894208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010945209001646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0010945209001646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.02.015","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0010-9452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-9452","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"New insights into feature and conjunction search: II. Evidence from Alzheimer's disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cortex","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 Elsevier Srl. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}