{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:48:09Z","timestamp":1791190089339,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cortex"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,28]],"date-time":"2012-11-28T12:15:26Z","timestamp":1354104926000},"page":"2162-2177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["An electrophysiological investigation of non-symbolic magnitude processing: Numerical distance effects in children with and without mathematical learning disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Heine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Wi\u00dfmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sascha","family":"Tamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"De Smedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsbeth","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieven","family":"Verschaffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur M.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00058-1","article-title":"Non-invasive localization of p300 sources in normal aging and age-associated memory impairment","volume":"24","author":"Anderer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2334","article-title":"Effects of development and enculturation on number representation in the brain","volume":"9","author":"Ansari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2006.18.11.1820","article-title":"Age-related changes in the activation of the intraparietal sulcus during non-symbolic magnitude processing: An event-related fMRI study","volume":"18","author":"Ansari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000183905.23396.f1","article-title":"Neural correlates of symbolic number processing in children and adults","volume":"16","author":"Ansari","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)02040-5","article-title":"Atypical trajectories of number development: A neuroconstructivist perspective","volume":"6","author":"Ansari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.11.1845","article-title":"Linking visual attention and number processing in the brain: The role of the temporo-parietal junction in small and large symbolic and nonsymbolic number comparison","volume":"19","author":"Ansari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03207540","article-title":"Is subitizing a unique numerical ability?","volume":"50","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Perception and Psychophysics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(02)00178-6","article-title":"The construction of large number representations in adults","volume":"86","author":"Barth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14116","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505512102","article-title":"Abstract number and arithmetic in preschool children","volume":"102","author":"Barth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2006.03.002","article-title":"The representation of numerical magnitude","volume":"16","author":"Brannon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib11","first-page":"31","article-title":"Representation of the numerosities 1\u20139 by rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)","volume":"26","author":"Brannon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649909540759","article-title":"Exploring the roles of the visual-spatial sketch pad and central executive in children's arithmetical skills: Views from cognition and developmental neuropsychology","volume":"15","author":"Bull","year":"1999","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/10.6.20","article-title":"Subitizing but not estimation of numerosity requires attentional resources","volume":"10","author":"Burr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.09.007","article-title":"Foundational numerical capacities and the origins of dyscalculia","volume":"14","author":"Butterworth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"6033","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201536","article-title":"Dyscalculia: From brain to education","volume":"332","author":"Butterworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e125","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040125","article-title":"Functional imaging of numerical processing in adults and 4-y-old children","volume":"4","author":"Cantlon","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21246","article-title":"The role of right and left parietal lobes in the conceptual processing of numbers","volume":"22","author":"Cappelletti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib18","series-title":"The Origin of Concepts","author":"Carey","year":"2009"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563689","article-title":"Differential contributions of the left and right inferior parietal lobules to number processing","volume":"11","author":"Chochon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"Special issue","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib20","first-page":"24","article-title":"Rating scales for use in drug studies with children","volume":"9","author":"Conners","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn755","article-title":"Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain","volume":"3","author":"Corbetta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2010.09.003","article-title":"Defective number module or impaired access? Numerical magnitude processing in first graders with mathematical difficulties","volume":"108","author":"De Smedt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2009.01.010","article-title":"The predictive value of numerical magnitude comparison for individual differences in mathematics achievement","volume":"103","author":"De Smedt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1996.8.1.47","article-title":"The organization of brain activations in number comparison: Event-related potentials and the additive-factors method","volume":"8","author":"Dehaene","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"March","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04469.x","article-title":"Origins of mathematical intuitions: The case of arithmetic","volume":"1156","author":"Dehaene","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1993.5.4.390","article-title":"Development of elementary numerical abilities: A neuronal model","volume":"5","author":"Dehaene","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib27","first-page":"83","article-title":"Towards an anatomical and functional model of number processing","volume":"1","author":"Dehaene","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mathematical Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib28","first-page":"626","article-title":"Is numerical comparison digital? Analogical and symbolic effects in two-digit number comparison","volume":"16","author":"Dehaene","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"3\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290244000239","article-title":"Three parietal circuits for number processing","volume":"20","author":"Dehaene","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.05.019","article-title":"Contribution of the right intraparietal sulcus to numerosity and length processing: An fMRI-guided TMS study","volume":"48","author":"Dormal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.04.254","article-title":"Mode-dependent and mode-independent representations of numerosity in the right intraparietal sulcus","volume":"52","author":"Dormal","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03213781","article-title":"Isolating the effects of symbolic distance and semantic congruity in comparative judgments: An additive-factors analysis","volume":"8","author":"Duncan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Memory and Cognition"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/713756778","article-title":"Mechanisms of visuospatial attention: Evidence from event-related brain potentials","volume":"5","author":"Eimer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Visual Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00427","article-title":"The representations underlying infants' choice of more: Object files versus analog\u00a0magnitudes","volume":"13","author":"Feigenson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.05.002","article-title":"Core systems of number","volume":"8","author":"Feigenson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1162\/089892903321107819","article-title":"Parietal representation of symbolic and nonsymbolic magnitude","volume":"15","author":"Fias","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194040370010201","article-title":"Mathematics and learning disabilities","volume":"37","author":"Geary","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib38","series-title":"Advances in Child Development and Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374748-8.00002-0","article-title":"Mathematical learning disabilities","author":"Geary","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15029.x","article-title":"Developmental dyscalculia: Prevalence and demographic features","volume":"38","author":"Gross-Tsur","year":"1996","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib40","series-title":"Der heidelberger rechentest, erfassung mathematischer basiskompetenzen im grundschulalter (hrt 1-4)","author":"Haffner","year":"2005"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1080\/09297041003689780","article-title":"The numerical stroop effect in primary school children: A comparison of low, normal, and high achievers","volume":"16","author":"Heine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.07.028","article-title":"Electrophysiological correlates of non-symbolic numerical magnitude processing in children: Joining the dots","volume":"49","author":"Heine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib43","series-title":"Kognitiver f\u00e4higkeitstest \u2013 grundschulform (kft 1-3)","author":"Heller","year":"1983"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2008.00712.x","article-title":"Domain-specific and domain-general changes in children's development of number comparison","volume":"11","author":"Holloway","year":"2008","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2008.04.001","article-title":"Mapping numerical magnitudes onto symbols: The numerical distance effect and individual differences in children's math achievement","volume":"103","author":"Holloway","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21399","article-title":"Developmental specialization in the right intraparietal sulcus for the abstract representation of numerical magnitude","volume":"22","author":"Holloway","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.07.071","article-title":"Common and segregated neural pathways for the processing of symbolic and nonsymbolic numerical magnitude: An fMRI study","volume":"49","author":"Holloway","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199601000-00002","article-title":"Nonparametric analysis of statistical images from functional mapping experiments","volume":"16","author":"Holmes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.030","article-title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy shows right parietal specialization for number in pre-verbal infants","volume":"53","author":"Hyde","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21090","article-title":"All numbers are not equal: An electrophysiological investigation of small and large number representations","volume":"21","author":"Hyde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2010.00987.x","article-title":"Neural signatures of number processing in human infants: Evidence for two core systems underlying numerical cognition","volume":"14","author":"Hyde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21352","article-title":"Spatio-temporal dynamics of numerical processing: An ERP source localization study","volume":"33","author":"Hyde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060011","article-title":"Distinct cerebral pathways for object identity and number in human infants","volume":"6","author":"Izard","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0926-6410(95)90008-X","article-title":"Luminance and spatial attention effects on early visual processing","volume":"2","author":"Johannes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cognitive Brain Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.2307\/1418556","article-title":"The discrimination of visual number","volume":"62","author":"Kaufman","year":"1949","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Developmental dyscalculia: Compensatory mechanisms in left intraparietal regions in response to nonsymbolic magnitudes","volume":"5","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Functions"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2007.08.003","article-title":"A developmental fMRI study of nonsymbolic numerical and spatial processing","volume":"44","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2010.549884","article-title":"Meta-analyses of developmental fMRI studies investigating typical and atypical trajectories of number processing and calculation","volume":"36","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4587","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004587","article-title":"Brain correlates of non-symbolic numerosity estimation in low and high mathematical ability children","volume":"4","author":"Kovas","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2010.549867","article-title":"Non-symbolic numerical distance effect in children with and without developmental dyscalculia: A parametric fMRI study","volume":"36","author":"Kucian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2009.03.006","article-title":"Dyslexia and dyscalculia: Two learning disorders with different cognitive profiles","volume":"103","author":"Landerl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2008.12.006","article-title":"Typical and atypical development of basic numerical skills in elementary school","volume":"103","author":"Landerl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib63","series-title":"Salzburger lese- und rechtschreibtest: Verfahren zur differentialdiagnose von st\u00f6rungen des lesens und schreibens f\u00fcr die 1. Bis 4. Schulstufe (slrt 1-4)","author":"Landerl","year":"1997"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-3-1","article-title":"Electrophysiological evidence for notation independence in numerical processing","volume":"3","author":"Libertus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Functions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib65","series-title":"Children's Color Trails Test (cctt)","author":"Llorente","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196531","article-title":"Subitizing and similarity: Toward a pattern-matching theory of enumeration","volume":"10","author":"Logan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin and Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2011.02.004","article-title":"Symbolic and non-symbolic distance effects in children and their connection with arithmetic skills","volume":"24","author":"Lonnemann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neurolinguistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib68","series-title":"An Introduction to the Event-related Potential Technique","author":"Luck","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2010.01.006","article-title":"Challenging the reliability and validity of cognitive measures: The case of the numerical distance effect","volume":"134","author":"Maloney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.111.1.1","article-title":"Subitizing: An analysis of its component processes","volume":"111","author":"Mandler","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib71","series-title":"Das salzburger lese-screening f\u00fcr die klassenstufen 1-4 (sls 1-4)","author":"Mayringer","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01608.x","article-title":"Impaired acuity of the approximate number system underlies mathematical learning disability (dyscalculia)","volume":"82","author":"Mazzocco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-010-2419-8","article-title":"Using eye-tracking to study numerical cognition: The case of the numerical ratio effect","volume":"206","author":"Merkley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2009.09.007","article-title":"Basic number processing deficits in developmental dyscalculia: Evidence from eye tracking","volume":"24","author":"Moeller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"issue":"5109","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1038\/2151519a0","article-title":"Time required for judgements of numerical inequality","volume":"215","author":"Moyer","year":"1967","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.10.051","article-title":"Integration of fMRI and simultaneous EEG: Towards a comprehensive understanding of localization and time-course of brain activity in target detection","volume":"22","author":"Mulert","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21237","article-title":"Neural correlates of symbolic number comparison in developmental dyscalculia","volume":"22","author":"Mussolin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2009.10.006","article-title":"Symbolic and nonsymbolic number comparison in children with and without dyscalculia","volume":"115","author":"Mussolin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1626","article-title":"Counting on neurons: The neurobiology of numerical competence","volume":"6","author":"Nieder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020779","article-title":"The effect of viewing eccentricity on enumeration","volume":"6","author":"Palomares","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"Suppl. D","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib81","first-page":"5","article-title":"Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sloreta): Technical details","volume":"24","author":"Pascual-Marqui","year":"2002","journal-title":"Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib82","series-title":"Loreta: Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography, Documentation for the Loreta-key Software Package","author":"Pascual-Marqui","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2006.09.001","article-title":"The precursors of mathematics learning: Working memory, phonological ability and numerical competence","volume":"22","author":"Passolunghi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.04.003","article-title":"The processing of non-symbolic numerical magnitudes as indexed by ERPs","volume":"46","author":"Paulsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.08.014","article-title":"Individual differences in nonverbal number discrimination correlate with event-related potentials and measures of probabilistic reasoning","volume":"48","author":"Paulsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.09.008","article-title":"Neurocognitive start-up tools for symbolic number representations","volume":"14","author":"Piazza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2010.03.012","article-title":"Developmental trajectory of number acuity reveals a severe impairment in developmental dyscalculia","volume":"116","author":"Piazza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2011.05.007","article-title":"Subitizing reflects visuo-spatial object individuation capacity","volume":"121","author":"Piazza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"1521","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2356","article-title":"Single-trial classification of parallel pre-attentive and serial attentive processes using functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"270","author":"Piazza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.10.014","article-title":"Tuning curves for approximate numerosity in the human intraparietal sulcus","volume":"44","author":"Piazza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.11.022","article-title":"A magnitude code common to numerosities and number symbols in human intraparietal cortex","volume":"53","author":"Piazza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib92","series-title":"Working Memory Test Battery for Children (WMTB-C)","author":"Pickering","year":"2001"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0913","article-title":"Modulation of parietal activation by semantic distance in a number comparison task","volume":"14","author":"Pinel","year":"2001","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(04)00107-2","article-title":"Distributed and overlapping cerebral representations of number, size, and luminance during comparative judgments","volume":"41","author":"Pinel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280801969676","article-title":"Attentional involvement in subitizing: Questioning the preattentive hypothesis","volume":"16","author":"Poiese","year":"2008","journal-title":"Visual Cognition"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.10.013","article-title":"Impaired parietal magnitude processing in developmental dyscalculia","volume":"17","author":"Price","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2007.08.004","article-title":"The role of attention in subitizing","volume":"107","author":"Railo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg076","article-title":"Theories of developmental dyslexia: Insights from a multiple\u00a0case study of dyslexic adults","volume":"126","author":"Ramus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2009.01.007","article-title":"Children's representation of symbolic magnitude: The development of the priming distance effect","volume":"103","author":"Reynvoet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi055","article-title":"Developmental changes in mental arithmetic: Evidence for increased functional specialization in the left inferior parietal cortex","volume":"15","author":"Rivera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.08.045","article-title":"Optimized voxel-based morphometry in children with developmental dyscalculia","volume":"39","author":"Rotzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2006.01.005","article-title":"Basic numerical skills in children with mathematics learning disabilities: A comparison of symbolic vs. non-symbolic number magnitude processing","volume":"102","author":"Rousselle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.11.002","article-title":"Developmental dyscalculia: Heterogeneity might not mean different mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Rubinsten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib104","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neuroanatomical correlates of developmental dyscalculia: Combined evidence from morphometry and tractography","volume":"3","author":"Rykhlevskaia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563238","article-title":"Neural evidence linking visual object enumeration and attention","volume":"11","author":"Sathian","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2010.00976.x","article-title":"Subitizing and counting in typical and atypical development","volume":"14","author":"Schleifer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.2307\/1128664","article-title":"Children's judgments of numerical inequality","volume":"48","author":"Sekuler","year":"1977","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib108","series-title":"Why is Math so Hard for Some Children: The Nature and Origins of Mathematical Learning Difficulties and Disabilities","first-page":"49","article-title":"Prevalence of developmental dyscalculia","author":"Shalev","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.10.008","article-title":"Numerical magnitude in the human parietal lobe; Tests of representational generality and domain specificity","volume":"44","author":"Shuman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2009.09.002","article-title":"An electro-physiological temporal principal component analysis of processing stages of number comparison in developmental dyscalculia","volume":"24","author":"Solt\u00e9sz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.02.067","article-title":"A combined event-related potential and neuropsychological investigation of developmental dyscalculia","volume":"417","author":"Solt\u00e9sz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib112","first-page":"1","article-title":"Relationships between magnitude representation, counting and memory in 4- to 7-year-old children: A developmental study","volume":"6","author":"Solt\u00e9sz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Functions"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2010.549982","article-title":"Event-related brain potentials dissociate the developmental time-course of automatic numerical magnitude analysis and cognitive control functions during the first three years of primary school","volume":"36","author":"Solt\u00e9sz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.06.013","article-title":"Event-related potentials dissociate facilitation and interference effects in the numerical stroop paradigm","volume":"45","author":"Sz\u00fccs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib115","first-page":"1","article-title":"The speed of magnitude processing and executive functions in controlled and automatic number comparison in children: An electro-encephalography study","volume":"3","author":"Sz\u00fccs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Functions"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7836","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.13.7836","article-title":"Brain mechanisms of quantity are similar in 5-year-old children and adults","volume":"95","author":"Temple","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.101.1.80","article-title":"Why are small and large numbers enumerated differently? A limited-capacity preattentive stage in vision","volume":"101","author":"Trick","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib118","series-title":"Exploratory Data Analysis","author":"Tukey","year":"1977"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2004.05.003","article-title":"Electrophysiological evidence for differential processing of numerical quantity and\u00a0order in humans","volume":"21","author":"Turconi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cognitive Brain Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2003.12.002","article-title":"Inhibition and shifting in children with learning deficits in arithmetic and reading","volume":"87","author":"Van Der Sluis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.15.2.419","article-title":"Dissecting the symbolic distance effect: Comparison and priming effects in numerical and nonnumerical orders","volume":"15","author":"Van Opstal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin and Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21472","article-title":"A candidate for the attentional bottleneck: Set-size specific modulation of right TPJ during attentive enumeration","volume":"23","author":"Vetter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10038","article-title":"Correspondence of event-related potential tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging during language processing","volume":"17","author":"Vitacco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"}],"container-title":["Cortex"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010945212003280?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010945212003280?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T22:14:34Z","timestamp":1762121674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010945212003280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0010945212003280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-9452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-9452","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An electrophysiological investigation of non-symbolic magnitude processing: Numerical distance effects in children with and without mathematical learning disabilities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cortex","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}