{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:18:25Z","timestamp":1791274705821,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Israeli Center of Research Excellence (I-CORE) in Cognition"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1771\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1771\/13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2043\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2043\/13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004412","name":"HFSP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDA00078\/2011-C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDA00078\/2011-C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006221","name":"BSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006221","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sagol School of Neuroscience fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cortex"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,25]],"date-time":"2014-07-25T05:45:17Z","timestamp":1406267117000},"page":"74-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Decoding letter position in word reading"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Ori","family":"Ossmy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Ben-Shachar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Mukamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl071","article-title":"Differential sensitivity to words and shapes in ventral occipito-temporal cortex","volume":"17","author":"Ben-Shachar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2007.03.006","article-title":"White matter pathways in reading","volume":"17","author":"Ben-Shachar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199","article-title":"LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines","volume":"2","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.11.036","article-title":"Reading normal and degraded words: contribution of the dorsal and ventral visual pathways","volume":"40","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf094","article-title":"Language-specific tuning of visual cortex? Functional properties of the Visual Word Form Area","volume":"125","author":"Cohen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg079","article-title":"Visual word recognition in the left and right hemispheres: anatomical and functional correlates of peripheral alexias","volume":"13","author":"Cohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib7","first-page":"245","article-title":"Disorders of reading and their implications for models of normal reading","volume":"15","author":"Coltheart","year":"1981","journal-title":"Visible Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib8","series-title":"Reading in the brain: The new science of how we read","author":"Dehaene","year":"2009"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.05.004","article-title":"The neural code for written words: a proposal","volume":"9","author":"Dehaene","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib11","first-page":"3","article-title":"From seven dwarfs to four wolves: differences in the processing of number words and other words","volume":"6","author":"Dotan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Language and Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/02643298708252047","article-title":"\u201cNeglect dyslexia\u201d and the early visual processing of letters in words and nonwords","volume":"4","author":"Ellis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290143000051","article-title":"Letter position dyslexia","volume":"18","author":"Friedmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1348\/174866407X204227","article-title":"Developmental letter position dyslexia","volume":"1","author":"Friedmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1997.0291","article-title":"Psychophysiological and modulatory interactions in neuroimaging","volume":"6","author":"Friston","year":"1997","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.167.3.343","article-title":"Regional brain activity in chronic schizophrenic patients during the performance of a verbal fluency task","volume":"167","author":"Frith","year":"1995","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X11001841","article-title":"Towards a universal model of reading","volume":"35","author":"Frost","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"5938","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171999","article-title":"Dyslexia: a new synergy between education and cognitive neuroscience","volume":"325","author":"Gabrieli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.03.031","article-title":"Direct intracranial, FMRI, and lesion evidence for the causal role of left inferotemporal cortex in reading","volume":"50","author":"Gaillard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.03.017","article-title":"Evidence for highly selective neuronal tuning to whole words in the \u201cvisual word form area\u201d","volume":"62","author":"Glezer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012667","article-title":"The overlap model: a model of letter position coding","volume":"115","author":"Gomez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modeling letter position coding in printed word perception","author":"Grainger","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Mental Lexicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008950108","article-title":"Neural systems predicting long-term outcome in dyslexia","volume":"108","author":"Hoeft","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(89)90019-9","article-title":"Positional dyslexia","volume":"37","author":"Katz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.88.5.375","article-title":"An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings","volume":"88","author":"McClelland","year":"1981","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196438","article-title":"Does judge activate COURT? Transposed-letter similarity effects in masked associative priming","volume":"31","author":"Perea","year":"2003","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.04.001","article-title":"The interactive account of ventral occipitotemporal contributions to reading","volume":"15","author":"Price","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib28","series-title":"The Oxford handbook of psycholinguistics","first-page":"71","article-title":"Visual word recognition","author":"Rastle","year":"2007"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1568","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121304109","article-title":"Position sensitivity in the visual word form area","volume":"109","author":"Rauschecker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.06.036","article-title":"Visual feature-tolerance in the reading network","volume":"71","author":"Rauschecker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00154","article-title":"Effect of orthographic processes on letter identity and letter-position encoding in dyslexic children","volume":"3","author":"Reilhac","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.12.010","article-title":"Role of the superior parietal lobules in letter-identity processing within strings: FMRI evidence from skilled and dyslexic readers","volume":"51","author":"Reilhac","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10917","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.152694799","article-title":"The role of the parietal cortex in visual feature binding","volume":"99","author":"Shafritz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib34","series-title":"Co-planar stereotaxic Atlas of the human brain: 3-Dimensional proportional system \u2013 An approach to cerebral imaging","author":"Talairach","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2220","article-title":"Sequential then interactive processing of letters and words in the left fusiform gyrus","volume":"3","author":"Thesen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-120710-100412","article-title":"Decoding patterns of human brain activity","volume":"63","author":"Tong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.05.031","article-title":"Hierarchical coding of letter strings in the ventral stream: dissecting the inner organization of the visual word-form system","volume":"55","author":"Vinckier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2006.18.12.1998","article-title":"\u201cWhat\u201d and \u201cWhere\u201d in word Reading: ventral coding of written words revealed by parietal atrophy","volume":"18","author":"Vinckier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr100","article-title":"The putative visual word form area is functionally connected to the dorsal attention network","volume":"22","author":"Vogel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05954.x","article-title":"The neurobiological basis of seeing words","volume":"1224","author":"Wandell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196158","article-title":"How the brain encodes the order of letters in a printed word: the SERIOL model and selective literature review","volume":"8","author":"Whitney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11676","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3545-07.2007","article-title":"The role of the superior intraparietal sulcus in supporting visual short-term memory for multifeature objects","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2012.04.010","article-title":"Anatomy of the visual word form area: adjacent cortical circuits and long-range white matter connections","volume":"125","author":"Yeatman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain and Language"}],"container-title":["Cortex"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010945214002226?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010945214002226?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T05:18:20Z","timestamp":1565673500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010945214002226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0010945214002226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-9452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-9452","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Decoding letter position in word reading","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cortex","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}