{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:19:04Z","timestamp":1779297544797,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cortex"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,20]],"date-time":"2015-06-20T04:15:24Z","timestamp":1434773724000},"page":"68-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Triangles, tricks and tics: Hyper-mentalizing in response to animated shapes in Tourette syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Clare M.","family":"Eddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea E.","family":"Cavanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2014(00)00014-9","article-title":"Do triangles play tricks? Attribution of mental states to animated shapes in normal and abnormal development","volume":"15","author":"Abell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.07.012","article-title":"Neuroanatomical and neurochemical bases of theory of mind","volume":"49","author":"Abu-Akel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(95)00104-2","article-title":"Response suppression, initiation and strategy use following frontal lobe lesions","volume":"34","author":"Burgess","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0612","article-title":"Movement and mind: a functional imaging study of perception and interpretation of complex intentional movement patterns","volume":"12","author":"Castelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23216","article-title":"Pathological laughter in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: an unusual phonic tic","volume":"25","author":"Cavanna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib6","first-page":"319","article-title":"Sensory phenomena associated with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.5.2095","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in early untreated Parkinson's disease and its relationship to motor disability","volume":"114","author":"Cooper","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq300","article-title":"Multispectral brain morphometry in Tourette syndrome persisting into adulthood","volume":"133","author":"Draganski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.05.019","article-title":"On being your own worst enemy: an investigation of socially inappropriate symptoms in Tourette syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Eddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12207","article-title":"'It's a curse!': coprolalia in Tourette syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Eddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/417516","article-title":"Altered social cognition in Tourette syndrome: nature and implications","volume":"27","author":"Eddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behavioural Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.13090218","article-title":"Do patients with Tourette syndrome jump to conclusions?","volume":"26","author":"Eddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0b013e3181e61cb7","article-title":"Impaired comprehension of nonliteral language in Tourette syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Eddy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognitive and Behavioural Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2010.22.3.348","article-title":"Altered attribution of intention in Tourette's syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Eddy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2010.538213","article-title":"Social reasoning inTourette syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Eddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsv012","article-title":"Interaction without intent: the shape of the social world in Huntington's disease","author":"Eddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285610390261","article-title":"Treatment strategies for tics in Tourette syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Eddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.08.001","article-title":"Neuropsychological aspects of Tourette syndrome: a review","volume":"67","author":"Eddy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.114.4.864","article-title":"On seeing human: a three-factor theory of anthropomorphism","volume":"114","author":"Epley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.14.4.485","article-title":"The obsessive compulsive inventory: development and validation of a short version","volume":"14","author":"Foa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00135","article-title":"A false-positive detection bias as a function of state and trait schizotypy in interaction with intelligence","volume":"5","author":"Grant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf079","article-title":"Theory of mind in patients with frontal variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease: theoretical and practical implications","volume":"125","author":"Gregory","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003838","article-title":"Disturbances in the spontaneous attribution of social meaning in schizophrenia","volume":"39","author":"Horan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp006","article-title":"The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: version III-the final common pathway","volume":"35","author":"Howes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002892","article-title":"The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population","volume":"35","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.8.3.311","article-title":"Non-obscene complex socially inappropriate behavior in Tourette syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Kurlan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.10.005","article-title":"A comparison of capacities for social cognition and metacognition in first episode and prolonged depression","volume":"220","author":"Ladegaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198907000-00015","article-title":"The Yale global tic severity scale: initial testing of a clinician-rated scale of tic severity","volume":"28","author":"Leckman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-411546-0.00001-9","article-title":"An introduction to the clinical phenomenology of Tourette syndrome","volume":"112","author":"Martino","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Reviews in Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.04.186","article-title":"Impaired self-awareness and theory of mind: an fMRI study of mentalizing in alexithymia","volume":"32","author":"Moriguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib30","series-title":"The Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery: Therapy and clinical interpretation","author":"Reitan","year":"1985"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib31","first-page":"446","article-title":"The disaster was my fault!","volume":"13","author":"Robertson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1234-988X(199612)6:4<203::AID-MPR165>3.3.CO;2-F","article-title":"The national hospital interview schedule for the assessment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and related behaviors","volume":"6","author":"Robertson","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs147","article-title":"Neural and behavioural correlates of aberrant salience in individuals at risk for psychosis","volume":"39","author":"Roiser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.10.002","article-title":"Do you see what I see? Interpretations of intentional movement in schizophrenia","volume":"81","author":"Russell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2013.27.1.3","article-title":"Hypermentalizing in adolescent inpatients: treatment effects and association with borderline traits","volume":"27","author":"Sharp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Disorder"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21809","article-title":"Extrastriatal dopaminergic dysfunction in tourette syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Steeves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181d35e83","article-title":"Theory of mind and emotional awareness deficits in patients with somatoform disorders","volume":"72","author":"Subic-Wrana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379003500402","article-title":"Validation of the alexithymia construct: a measurement-based approach","volume":"35","author":"Taylor","year":"1990","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198809000-00006","article-title":"Criterion validity of the Toronto alexithymia scale","volume":"50","author":"Taylor","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2006.01534.x","article-title":"Cognitive function and social abilities in patients with schizophrenia: relationship with atypical antipsychotics","volume":"60","author":"Tyson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/17.6.547","article-title":"The adaptive digit ordering test: clinical application, reliability, and validity of a verbal working memory test","volume":"17","author":"Werheid","year":"2002","journal-title":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"}],"container-title":["Cortex"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010945215002051?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010945215002051?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T19:30:37Z","timestamp":1748460637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010945215002051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0010945215002051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-9452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-9452","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Triangles, tricks and tics: Hyper-mentalizing in response to animated shapes in Tourette syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cortex","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}