{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:03:04Z","timestamp":1790809384498,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]],"date-time":"2017-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010352","name":"Merton College, Oxford","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"name":"London Pain Consortium"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Strategic Award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013373","name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research centre","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013373","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["104128\/Z\/14\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104128\/Z\/14\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cortex"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,25]],"date-time":"2017-07-25T04:15:20Z","timestamp":1500956120000},"page":"29-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Motor correlates of phantom limb pain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9952-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanne","family":"Kikkert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melvin","family":"Mezue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Henderson Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Johansen-Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Tracey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5816-8979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamar R.","family":"Makin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.01.014","article-title":"Induction of depressed mood disrupts emotion regulation neurocircuitry and enhances pain unpleasantness","volume":"67","author":"Berna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d556","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d556","article-title":"Correlation in restricted ranges of data","volume":"342","author":"Bland","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311429687","article-title":"Former hand territory activity increases after amputation during intact hand movements, but is unaffected by illusory visual feedback","volume":"26","author":"Bogdanov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.09.007","article-title":"The effects of graded motor imagery and its components on chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Bowering","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc071927","article-title":"Mirror therapy for phantom limb pain","volume":"357","author":"Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.02.020","article-title":"Mirrored, imagined and executed movements differentially activate sensorimotor cortex in amputees with and without phantom limb pain","volume":"149","author":"Diers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib7","series-title":"Statistical methods for rates and proportions","author":"Fleiss","year":"2003"},{"issue":"6531","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/375482a0","article-title":"Phantom-limb pain as a perceptual correlate of cortical reorganization following arm amputation","volume":"375","author":"Flor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2013.00433.x","article-title":"Mirror therapy for phantom limb pain: Brain changes and the role of body representation","volume":"18","author":"Foell","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain (London, England)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.04.061","article-title":"Motor control over the phantom limb in above-elbow amputees and its relationship with phantom limb pain","volume":"162","author":"Gagn\u00e9","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05003-5","article-title":"Cortical origin of pathological pain","author":"Harris","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18195","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506624102","article-title":"Pharmacological modulation of pain-related brain activity during normal and central sensitization states in humans","volume":"102","author":"Iannetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.015","article-title":"FSL","volume":"62","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib14","series-title":"Reaffirming the link between chronic phantom limb pain and maintained missing hand representation","author":"Kikkert","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.15292","article-title":"Revealing the neural fingerprints of a missing hand","volume":"5","author":"Kikkert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib15","article-title":"Current and future options for the management of phantom-limb pain","volume":"39","author":"Knotkova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Pain Research"},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.11.2268","article-title":"Phantom movements and pain. An fMRI study in upper limb amputees","volume":"124","author":"Lotze","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"Pt 8","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn124","article-title":"Phantom limb pain, cortical reorganization and the therapeutic effect of mental imagery","volume":"131","author":"MacIver","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain: A Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"14\u201315","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280410001708913","article-title":"Mirror treatment of lower limb phantom pain: A case study","volume":"26","author":"MacLachlan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.02.067","article-title":"Network-level reorganisation of functional connectivity following arm amputation","volume":"114","author":"Makin","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2571","article-title":"Phantom pain is associated with preserved structure and function in the former hand area","volume":"4","author":"Makin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv161","article-title":"Reassessing cortical reorganization in the primary sensorimotor cortex following arm amputation","volume":"138","author":"Makin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"November 2009","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797609354739","article-title":"Amputees \u201cneglect\u201d the space near their missing hand","volume":"21","author":"Makin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological Science: A Journal of the American Psychological Society\/APS"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh529","article-title":"Simulating sensory-motor incongruence in healthy volunteers: Implications for a cortical model of pain","volume":"44","author":"McCabe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib24","first-page":"305","article-title":"Interactions between pain and\u00a0the motor cortex: Insights from research on phantom\u00a0limb pain and complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Mercier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiotherapy\u00a0Canada"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22361","article-title":"Multiband multislice GE-EPI at 7 tesla, with 16-fold acceleration using partial parallel imaging with application to high spatial and temporal whole-brain FMRI","volume":"63","author":"Moeller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib26","article-title":"Adaptive and maladaptive neural compensatory consequences of sensory deprivation-From a phantom percept perspective","author":"Mohan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000249112.56935.32","article-title":"Graded motor imagery for pathologic pain: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"67","author":"Moseley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311433209","article-title":"Targeting cortical representations in the treatment of chronic pain: A review","volume":"26","author":"Moseley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.06.026","article-title":"Is mirror therapy all it is cracked up to be? Current evidence and future directions","volume":"138","author":"Moseley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.03.013","article-title":"Bodily illusions in health and disease: Physiological and clinical perspectives and the concept of a cortical \u201cbody matrix.\u201d","author":"Moseley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(81)90270-6","article-title":"Microelectrode recordings from transected nerves in amputees with phantom limb pain","volume":"27","author":"Nystrom","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phantom motor execution facilitated by machine learning and augmented reality as treatment for phantom limb pain","volume":"In Press","author":"Ortiz-Catalan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib33","first-page":"224","article-title":"The self-report method","author":"Paulhus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Handbook of Research Methods in Personality Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.02.003","article-title":"The moving phantom: Motor execution or motor imagery?","volume":"48","author":"Raffin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr337","article-title":"Disentangling motor execution from motor imagery with the phantom limb","volume":"135","author":"Raffin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.01.063","article-title":"Primary motor cortex changes after amputation correlate with phantom limb pain and the ability to move the phantom limb","volume":"130","author":"Raffin","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1369","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1996.0058","article-title":"Synaesthesia in phantom limbs induced with mirrors","volume":"263","author":"Ramachandran","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl154","article-title":"Persistent hand motor commands in the amputees' brain","volume":"129","author":"Reilly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"November 2007","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858407309466","article-title":"Neuroscientist the motor cortex and its role in phantom limb phenomena phantom limb phenomena","volume":"14","author":"Reilly","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Neuroscientist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0b013e3283441e98","article-title":"The clinical aspects of mirror therapy in rehabilitation: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"34","author":"Rothgangel Stefan","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Rehabilitation Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.12.016","article-title":"Investigation into the neural correlates of emotional augmentation of clinical pain","volume":"40","author":"Schweinhardt","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051","article-title":"Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.10.015","article-title":"The efficacy of movement representation techniques for treating limb pain \u2013 A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Thieme","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000018","article-title":"\u201cSeeing\u201d how our drugs work brings translational added value","volume":"119","author":"Tracey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.04.018","article-title":"Peripheral nervous system origin of phantom limb pain","volume":"155","author":"Vaso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00242-0","article-title":"Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: A state of the art","volume":"85","author":"Vlaeyen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000924","article-title":"Disambiguating pharmacodynamic efficacy from implications for analgesic drug development","volume":"124","author":"Wanigasekera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e3181edf128","article-title":"Phantom limb pain","volume":"16","author":"Weeks","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Neurologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.05.059","article-title":"The influence of negative emotions on pain: Behavioral effects and neural mechanisms","author":"Wiech","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"SEP","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib50","article-title":"Dissociating between object affordances and spatial compatibility effects using early response components","volume":"4","author":"Wilf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.10.055","article-title":"Bayesian analysis of neuroimaging data in FSL","volume":"45","author":"Woolrich","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.07.055","article-title":"Evaluation of slice accelerations\u00a0using multiband echo planar imaging at 3T","volume":"83","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13209","article-title":"Induced sensorimotor brain plasticity controls pain in phantom limb patients","volume":"7","author":"Yanagisawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Communications"}],"container-title":["Cortex"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001094521730240X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001094521730240X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]],"date-time":"2020-05-17T23:13:32Z","timestamp":1589757212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001094521730240X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S001094521730240X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.729078746.793562540","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0010-9452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-9452","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Motor correlates of phantom limb pain","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cortex","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.07.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}