{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:19:21Z","timestamp":1790500761698,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cortex"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T15:35:43Z","timestamp":1508945743000},"page":"121-130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An autistic-like profile of attention and perception in synaesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Jamie","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paris","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Sherwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Simner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2015.01.013","article-title":"Principle component analyses of questionnaires measuring individual differences in synaesthetic phenomenology","volume":"33","author":"Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib2","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"Association","year":"2013"},{"issue":"9531","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69041-7","article-title":"Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: The special needs and autism Project (SNAP)","volume":"368","author":"Baird","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.07.028","article-title":"Differences in early sensory-perceptual processing in synesthesia: A visual evoked potential study","volume":"15","author":"Barnett","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1522","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0337","article-title":"Talent in autism: Hyper-systemizing, hyper-attention to detail and sensory hypersensitivity","volume":"364","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib6","first-page":"237","article-title":"Savant memory in a man with colour form-number synaesthesia and Asperger syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Consciousness Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-4-40","article-title":"Is synaesthesia more common in autism?","volume":"4","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular Autism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005653411471","article-title":"The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): Evidence from Asperger syndrome\/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians","volume":"31","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib9","series-title":"Memory in Autism: Theory and evidence","author":"Boucher","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691610393980","article-title":"Amazon's mechanical Turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data?","volume":"6","author":"Buhrmester","year":"2011","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.07.003","article-title":"Genetics of autism spectrum disorders","volume":"15","author":"Geschwind","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt059","article-title":"Absolute pitch exhibits phenotypic and genetic overlap with synesthesia","volume":"22","author":"Gregersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-015-0578-z","article-title":"Attentive Turkers: MTurk participants perform better on online attention checks than do subject pool participants","volume":"48","author":"Hauser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00143","article-title":"Pitch memory, labelling and disembodying in autism","volume":"44","author":"Heaton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1163\/22134808-00002558","article-title":"Is synaesthesia more prevalent in autism spectrum conditions? Only where there is prodigious talent","volume":"30","author":"Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Multisensory Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01539.x","article-title":"Are people with autism or Asperger syndrome faster than normal on the embedded figures test?","volume":"38","author":"Joliffe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.21.3.451","article-title":"Perceptual load as a necessary condition for selective attention","volume":"21","author":"Lavie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00224","article-title":"The Intense World Theory \u2013 a unifying theory of the neurobiology of autism","volume":"4","author":"Markram","year":"2010","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.2009.00523.x","article-title":"A genome-wide association study of autism reveals a common Novel risk Locus at 5p14.1","volume":"73","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of Human Genetics"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.12.845","article-title":"The Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE): Further description and extended norms","volume":"82","author":"Mason","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.11.016","article-title":"Veridical mapping in the development of exceptional autistic abilities","volume":"37","author":"Mottron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib22","article-title":"Is synesthesia more common in\u00a0patients with Asperger syndrome?","volume":"7","author":"Neufeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human\u00a0Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.016","article-title":"Automaticity and localisation of concurrents predicts colour area activity in grapheme-colour synaesthesia","volume":"88","author":"van Praag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1106-62","article-title":"Broken mirrors \u2013 a theory of autism","volume":"295","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scientific American"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02454.x","article-title":"Selective attention and perceptual load in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"20","author":"Remington","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027670","article-title":"Lightening the load: Perceptual load impairs visual detection in typical adults but not in autism","volume":"121","author":"Remington","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00427.x","article-title":"To see or not to see: The need for attention to perceive changes in scenes","volume":"8","author":"Rensink","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1608-7","article-title":"The relationship between sensory sensitivity and autistic traits in the general population","volume":"43","author":"Robertson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.05.004","article-title":"Enhanced memory: Insights from synaesthesia","volume":"36","author":"Rothen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.02.009","article-title":"Diagnosing synaesthesia with online colour pickers: Maximising sensitivity and specificity","volume":"215","author":"Rothen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2013.07.005","article-title":"Coloured letters and numbers (CLaN): A reliable factor-analysis based synaesthesia questionnaire","volume":"22","author":"Rothen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-183X.2003.00037.x","article-title":"Model of autism: Increased ratio of excitation\/inhibition in key neural systems","volume":"2","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes Brain and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2005.09.004","article-title":"What is the relationship between synaesthesia and visuo-spatial number forms?","volume":"101","author":"Sagiv","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-015-0640-x","article-title":"CB database: A change blindness database for objects in natural indoor scenes","volume":"48","author":"Sareen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x","article-title":"Islet of ability in autistic-children: A research note","volume":"24","author":"Shah","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn292","article-title":"Early detection markers for synaesthesia in childhood populations","volume":"132","author":"Simner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.07.007","article-title":"A foundation for savantism? Visuo-spatial synaesthetes present with cognitive benefits","volume":"45","author":"Simner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1068\/p5469","article-title":"Synaesthesia: The prevalence of atypical cross-modal experiences","volume":"35","author":"Simner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Perception"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01957.x","article-title":"Reduced change blindness suggests enhanced attention to detail in individuals with autism","volume":"50","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4341","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv015","article-title":"Phosphene perception relates to visual cortex glutamate levels and Covaries with atypical visuospatial awareness","volume":"25","author":"Terhune","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.10.032","article-title":"Enhanced cortical excitability in grapheme-color synesthesia and its modulation","volume":"21","author":"Terhune","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.03.071","article-title":"The genetics of colored sequence synesthesia: Suggestive evidence of linkage to 16q and genetic heterogeneity for the condition","volume":"223","author":"Tomson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib52","series-title":"Islands of genius: the bountiful mind of the autistic, acquired, and sudden savant","author":"Treffert","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib43","article-title":"Psychometric properties and overlap of the GSQ and AQ among Japanese University Students","volume":"7","author":"Ujie","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychological Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037665","article-title":"Precise minds in Uncertain Worlds: Predictive coding in autism","volume":"121","author":"Van de Cruys","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.06.024","article-title":"Basic abnormalities in visual processing affect face processing at an early age in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"68","author":"Vlamings","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41155","article-title":"Atypical sensory sensitivity as a shared feature between synaesthesia and autism","volume":"7","author":"Ward","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2016.06.009","article-title":"The structure of inter-individual differences in visual ability: Evidence from the general population and synaesthesia","author":"Ward","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2641-0","article-title":"Using the autism-spectrum quotient to measure autistic traits in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Westwood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/107.4.989","article-title":"A neurological basis of visual discomfort","volume":"107","author":"Wilkins","year":"1984","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01531288","article-title":"Severe impairments of social-interaction and associated abnormalities in children \u2013 epidemiology and classification","volume":"9","author":"Wing","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.01.002","article-title":"The use of the Autism-spectrum Quotient in differentiating high-functioning adults with autism, adults with schizophrenia and a neurotypical adult control group","volume":"5","author":"Wouters","year":"2011","journal-title":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders"}],"container-title":["Cortex"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010945217303428?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010945217303428?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T02:32:29Z","timestamp":1538706749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010945217303428"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0010945217303428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-9452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-9452","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An autistic-like profile of attention and perception in synaesthesia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cortex","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.10.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}