{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:10:13Z","timestamp":1790140213801,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cortex"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T22:15:27Z","timestamp":1601763327000},"page":"65-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gesture deficits and apraxia in schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4026-3561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Walther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay A.","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Stegmayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Bohlhalter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000291496","article-title":"The scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS): Conceptual and theoretical foundations","author":"Andreasen","year":"1989","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry: the Journal of Mental Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31823e653b","article-title":"Nonverbal behavior during clinical interviews: Similarities and dissimilarities among schizophrenia, mania, and depression","volume":"200","author":"Annen","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715000872","article-title":"Updating the research domain criteria: The utility of a motor dimension","volume":"45","author":"Bernard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2019.12.019","article-title":"Atypical lateralization in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders: What is the role of stress?","volume":"125","author":"Berretz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cortex; a Journal Devoted To the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.02.008","article-title":"Lesion evidence for a human mirror neuron system","volume":"90","author":"Binder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cortex; a Journal Devoted To the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2012.07.007","article-title":"Two action systems in the human brain","volume":"127","author":"Binkofski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib7","series-title":"Dementia praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien","author":"Bleuler","year":"1911"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn168","article-title":"Gesture subtype-dependent left lateralization of praxis planning: An event-related fMRI study","volume":"19","author":"Bohlhalter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.12.020","article-title":"Neuroanatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia: A multimodal voxelwise meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis","volume":"127","author":"Bora","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.07.004","article-title":"Referential delusions of communication and interpretations of gestures","volume":"158","author":"Bucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib11","article-title":"White matter abnormalities across the lifespan of schizophrenia: A harmonized multi-site diffusion MRI study","author":"Cetin-Karayumak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw383","article-title":"Distinct contributions of dorsal and ventral streams to imitation of tool-use and communicative gestures","volume":"28","author":"Dressing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.04.023","article-title":"Cortical brain abnormalities in 4474 individuals with schizophrenia and 5098 control subjects via the enhancing neuro imaging genetics through meta analysis (ENIGMA) consortium","volume":"84","author":"van Erp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.06.019","article-title":"It takes two to pantomime: Communication meets motor cognition","volume":"19","author":"Finkel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clinical"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.05.071","article-title":"What is the nonverbal communication of depression? Assessing expressive differences between depressive patients and healthy volunteers during clinical interviews","volume":"238","author":"Fiquer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.08.039","article-title":"Initial development and preliminary validation of a new negative symptom measure: The clinical assessment interview for negative symptoms (CAINS)","volume":"124","author":"Forbes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.03045","article-title":"Neural processing and production of gesture in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"10","author":"Fourie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30050-6","article-title":"Negative symptoms of schizophrenia: New developments and unanswered research questions","volume":"5","author":"Galderisi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.017","article-title":"Shared neural substrates of apraxia and aphasia","volume":"75","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.294","article-title":"Altered interhemispheric and temporal lobe white matter microstructural organization in severe chronic schizophrenia","volume":"39","author":"Holleran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.06.006","article-title":"Self-reported empathy and neural activity during action imitation and observation in schizophrenia","volume":"5","author":"Horan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clinical"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.01.008","article-title":"Limb apraxia in multiple sclerosis: Prevalence and impact on manual dexterity and activities of daily living","volume":"93","author":"Kamm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.1976","article-title":"Phenomenology of schizophrenia and the representativeness of modern diagnostic criteria","volume":"73","author":"Kendler","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/107.3.921","article-title":"Lesion size and location in ideomotor apraxia","volume":"107","author":"Kertesz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Brain: a Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq059","article-title":"The brief negative symptom scale: Psychometric properties","volume":"37","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib26","series-title":"Untersuchungen zur Kenntnis der psychomotorischen Bewegungsst\u00f6rungen bei Geisteskranken","author":"Kleist","year":"1908"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib27","series-title":"Einf\u00fchrung in die Psychiatrische Klinik (Vol. Band I: Allgemeine \u00dcbersicht)","author":"Kraepelin","year":"1921"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12319","article-title":"Non-verbal communication in meetings of psychiatrists and patients with schizophrenia","volume":"131","author":"Lavelle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs091","article-title":"Is nonverbal communication disrupted in interactions involving patients with schizophrenia?","volume":"39","author":"Lavelle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.5.860","article-title":"Limb apraxias: Higher-order disorders of sensorimotor integration","volume":"123","author":"Leiguarda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain: a Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.1.75","article-title":"Apraxia in Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy and neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism","volume":"120","author":"Leiguarda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain: a Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.09.032","article-title":"Pursuit eye movements as an intermediate phenotype across psychotic disorders: Evidence from the B-SNIP study","volume":"169","author":"Lencer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.07.019","article-title":"Cerebral correlates of imitation of intransitive gestures: An integrative review of neuroimaging data and brain lesion studies","volume":"95","author":"Lesourd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02193520","article-title":"Investigation of gestural and pantomime performance in chronic schizophrenic inpatients","volume":"244","author":"Martin","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr062","article-title":"Gesture imitation in schizophrenia","volume":"39","author":"Matthews","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"Pt 8","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt194","article-title":"Selective imitation impairments differentially interact with language processing","volume":"136","author":"Mengotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain: a Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.06.007","article-title":"Mismatch and lexical retrieval gestures are associated with visual information processing, verbal production, and symptomatology in youth at high risk for psychosis","volume":"158","author":"Millman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx087","article-title":"What can different motor circuits tell us about psychosis? An RDoC perspective","volume":"43","author":"Mittal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.2.351","article-title":"Gesture behavior in unmedicated schizotypal adolescents","volume":"115","author":"Mittal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.12.011","article-title":"Research domain criteria (RDoC) grows up: Strengthening neurodevelopment investigation within the RDoC framework","volume":"216","author":"Mittal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib41","article-title":"As motor system pathophysiology returns to the forefront of psychosis research, clinical implications should hold center stage","author":"Mittal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.107","article-title":"Evidence for gesture-speech mismatch detection impairments in schizophrenia","volume":"273","author":"Nagels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.11.028","article-title":"Beat gestures and postural control in youth at ultrahigh risk for psychosis","volume":"185","author":"Osborne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579419000385","article-title":"Early childhood social communication deficits in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis: Associations with functioning and risk","volume":"32","author":"Osborne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.03.010","article-title":"Definition: Limb apraxia","volume":"93","author":"Osiurak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cortex; a Journal Devoted To the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S47879","article-title":"Apraxia for differentiating Alzheimer's disease from subcortical vascular dementia and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"9","author":"Ozkan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry Disease Treatment"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708004716","article-title":"Spontaneous movement disorders in antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode psychoses: A systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Pappa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn048","article-title":"Imitation, simulation, and schizophrenia","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00422","article-title":"A role for the action observation network in apraxia after stroke","author":"Pizzamiglio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3109\/00207458209147142","article-title":"Deficits of ideokinetic praxis in chronic schizophrenics on a modified version of the Luria-Nebraska Motor Scale","volume":"16","author":"Portnoff","year":"1982","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1997.0919","article-title":"The significance of body part as tool errors in limb apraxia","volume":"34","author":"Raymer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033459","article-title":"Childhood neuromotor dysfunction in schizophrenia patients and their unaffected siblings: A prospective cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Rosso","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.15090233","article-title":"Deficits in limb praxis in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"28","author":"Rounis","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.07.009","article-title":"The global cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: Consistent over decades and around the world","volume":"150","author":"Schaefer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2019.08.023","article-title":"A network underlying human higher-order motor control: Insights from machine learning-based lesion-behaviour mapping in apraxia of pantomime","volume":"121","author":"Sperber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cortex; a Journal Devoted To the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.02.014","article-title":"Structural brain correlates of defective gesture performance in schizophrenia","volume":"78","author":"Stegmayer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cortex; a Journal Devoted To the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx059","article-title":"Limbic interference during social action planning in schizophrenia","volume":"44","author":"Stegmayer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1159\/000446116","article-title":"Gesture performance in first- and multiple-episode patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders","volume":"73","author":"Stegmayer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-007-0417-x","article-title":"Brief report: Imitation of meaningless gestures in individuals with Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism","volume":"38","author":"Stieglitz Ham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1159\/000485221","article-title":"Systems neuroscience of psychosis: Mapping schizophrenia symptoms onto brain systems","volume":"75","author":"Strik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn049","article-title":"Neurophysiological endophenotypes across bipolar and schizophrenia psychosis","volume":"34","author":"Thaker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13040498","article-title":"Altered brain activation during action imitation and observation in schizophrenia: A translational approach to investigating social dysfunction in schizophrenia","volume":"171","author":"Thakkar","year":"2014","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09971.x","article-title":"Non-verbal behaviour deficits in schizophrenia: An ethological study of drug-free patients","volume":"97","author":"Troisi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2011.06.003","article-title":"Impaired finger dexterity in Parkinson's disease is associated with praxis function","volume":"77","author":"Vanbellingen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02741.x","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of gesture production: A new test of upper limb apraxia (TULIA)","volume":"17","author":"Vanbellingen","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology: the Official Journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.213371","article-title":"A new bedside test of gestures in stroke: The apraxia screen of TULIA (AST)","volume":"82","author":"Vanbellingen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.11.023","article-title":"Short and valid assessment of apraxia in Parkinson's disease","volume":"18","author":"Vanbellingen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.12.013","article-title":"Interhemispheric facilitation of gesturing: A combined theta burst stimulation and diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"13","author":"Vanbellingen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.05.023","article-title":"Structural organization of the praxis network predicts gesture production: Evidence from healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia","volume":"132","author":"Viher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cortex; a Journal Devoted To the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.10.017","article-title":"The cortical signature of impaired gesturing: Findings from schizophrenia","volume":"17","author":"Viher","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clinical"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.11.002","article-title":"The ventral fiber pathway for pantomime of object use","volume":"106","author":"Vry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/20.3.441","article-title":"Neuromotor precursors of schizophrenia","volume":"20","author":"Walker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.09.001","article-title":"Conceptual disorganization impairs hand gesture performance in schizophrenia","volume":"215","author":"Walther","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718003033","article-title":"The utility of an RDoC motor domain to understand psychomotor symptoms in depression","volume":"49","author":"Walther","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw124","article-title":"Gesture performance in schizophrenia predicts functional outcome after 6 months","volume":"42","author":"Walther","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib76","first-page":"286","article-title":"Single session transcranial magnetic stimulation ameliorates hand gesture deficits in schizophrenia","volume":"46","author":"Walther","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0856-9","article-title":"Motor system pathology in psychosis","volume":"19","author":"Walther","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu222","article-title":"Nonverbal social communication and gesture control in schizophrenia","volume":"41","author":"Walther","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1159\/000339456","article-title":"Motor symptoms and schizophrenia","volume":"66","author":"Walther","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.08.017","article-title":"Impaired gesture performance in schizophrenia: Particular vulnerability of meaningless pantomimes","volume":"51","author":"Walther","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.12.008","article-title":"Impaired pantomime in schizophrenia: Association with frontal lobe function","volume":"49","author":"Walther","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cortex; a Journal Devoted To the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-014-0925-3","article-title":"Where language meets meaningful action: A combined behavior and lesion analysis of aphasia and apraxia","volume":"221","author":"Weiss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Structure & Function"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001622","article-title":"You looking at me?: Interpreting social cues in schizophrenia","volume":"46","author":"White","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn126","article-title":"Neurological signs and involuntary movements in schizophrenia: Intrinsic to and informative on systems pathobiology","volume":"35","author":"Whitty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz257","article-title":"Handedness, language areas and neuropsychiatric diseases: Insights from brain imaging and genetics","volume":"142","author":"Wiberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain: a Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa008","article-title":"Dysbalanced resting-state functional connectivity within the praxis network is linked to gesture deficits in schizophrenia","author":"Wuthrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"}],"container-title":["Cortex"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010945220303609?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010945220303609?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:13:41Z","timestamp":1757895221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010945220303609"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["S0010945220303609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-9452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-9452","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gesture deficits and apraxia in schizophrenia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cortex","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.09.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}