{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T05:45:06Z","timestamp":1789796706065,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P500PM_210834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P500PM_210834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"NIH Common Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2OD0327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2OD0327"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32MH123001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32MH123001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS102574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS102574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS138257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS138257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23NS140495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23NS140495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21NS109627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21NS109627"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005294","name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005294","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"National Institutes of Health Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP2HD101400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP2HD101400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018260","name":"Tiny Blue Dot Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018260","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cortex"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T23:11:13Z","timestamp":1776467473000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Covert brain complexity in the intensive care unit"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"201","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0347-8531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Fecchio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6088-2015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Schreier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan K.","family":"Cambareri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0249-9266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Nistic\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly J.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phoebe K.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yelena G.","family":"Bodien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5509-9461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ona","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7235-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian L.","family":"Edlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06854-3","article-title":"Electroencephalogram in the intensive care unit: A focused look at acute brain injury","volume":"48","author":"Alkhachroum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000213873","article-title":"Advancing disability equity in neurology","volume":"105","author":"Aravamuthan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-024-02147-3","article-title":"Ethically translating advanced neurotechnologies for disorders of consciousness: A survey of clinicians' perspectives","volume":"42","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurocritical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-025-02435-6","article-title":"From fMRI to family meeting: Clinician and family perspectives on neurotechnology-informed shared decision-making in disorders of consciousness","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neurocritical Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.11.006","article-title":"Global structural integrity and effective connectivity in patients with disorders of consciousness","volume":"11","author":"Bodart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2400645","article-title":"Cognitive motor dissociation in disorders of consciousness","volume":"391","author":"Bodien","year":"2024","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1177\/08977151251377469","article-title":"Multimodal biomarkers of consciousness in acute severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"43","author":"Bodien","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"198","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006294","article-title":"A theoretically based index of consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior","volume":"5","author":"Casali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24779","article-title":"Stratification of unresponsive patients by an independently validated index of brain complexity","volume":"80","author":"Casarotto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2022.109486","article-title":"The rt-TEP tool: Real-time visualization of TMS-evoked potentials to maximize cortical activation and minimize artifacts","volume":"370","author":"Casarotto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16299","article-title":"Dissociations between spontaneous electroencephalographic features and the perturbational complexity index in the minimally conscious state","volume":"59","author":"Casarotto","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0435-22.2023","article-title":"Adaptation shapes local cortical reactivity: From bifurcation diagram and simulations to human physiological and pathological responses","volume":"10","author":"Cattani","year":"2023","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207765","article-title":"Disambiguating consciousness in clinical settings","volume":"101","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812757","article-title":"Detection of brain activation in unresponsive patients with acute brain injury","volume":"380","author":"Claassen","year":"2019","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15994","article-title":"Unconsciousness or unresponsiveness in akinetic mutism? Insights from a multimodal longitudinal exploration","volume":"59","author":"Comanducci","year":"2024","journal-title":"The European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1212\/cont.0000000000001636","article-title":"Neuropalliative care in severe acute brain injury and stroke","volume":"31","author":"Creutzfeldt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1755220","article-title":"Conventional and investigational approaches leveraging clinical EEG for prognosis in acute disorders of consciousness","volume":"42","author":"Curley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Seminars in Neurology"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16032","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701309104","article-title":"Dissociating speech perception and comprehension at reduced levels of awareness","volume":"104","author":"Davis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231197392","article-title":"Increased task-relevant fMRI responsiveness in comatose cardiac arrest patients is associated with improved neurologic outcomes","volume":"44","author":"Dhakal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism: Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx176","article-title":"Early detection of consciousness in patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"140","author":"Edlow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain: A Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-023-01706-4","article-title":"Measuring consciousness in the intensive care unit","volume":"38","author":"Edlow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurocritical Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00212-5","article-title":"Cognitive-motor dissociation and time to functional recovery in patients with acute brain injury in the USA: A prospective observational cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Egbebike","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.5634","article-title":"Coma prognostication after acute brain injury: A review","volume":"81","author":"Fischer","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000215823.36344.99","article-title":"Improved prediction of awakening or nonawakening from severe anoxic coma using tree-based classification analysis","volume":"34","author":"Fischer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.02.005","article-title":"Event-related potentials (MMN and novelty P3) in permanent vegetative or minimally conscious states","volume":"121","author":"Fischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24283","article-title":"Preservation of electroencephalographic organization in patients with impaired consciousness and imaging-based evidence of command-following","volume":"76","author":"Forgacs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.385","article-title":"Dynamic regimes of neocortical activity linked to corticothalamic integrity correlate with outcomes in acute anoxic brain injury after cardiac arrest","volume":"4","author":"Forgacs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab095","article-title":"Consciousness among delta waves: A paradox?","volume":"144","author":"Frohlich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain: A Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005926","article-title":"Practice guideline update recommendations summary: Disorders of consciousness","volume":"91","author":"Giacino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2022.109482","article-title":"Bridging the gap: TMS-EEG from lab to clinic","volume":"369","author":"Julkunen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14151","article-title":"European academy of neurology guideline on the diagnosis of coma and other disorders of consciousness","volume":"27","author":"Kondziella","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-022-01506-2","article-title":"Ethics priorities of the curing coma campaign: An empirical survey","volume":"37","author":"Lewis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurocritical Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-023-01708-2","article-title":"Ethics along the continuum of research involving persons with disorders of consciousness","volume":"39","author":"Lewis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurocritical Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.012","article-title":"Subcortical atrophy correlates with the perturbational complexity index in patients with disorders of consciousness","volume":"13","author":"Lutkenhoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.12.005","article-title":"Anesthesia and neuroimaging: Investigating the neural correlates of unconsciousness","volume":"19","author":"MacDonald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51586-1","article-title":"Sleep-like cortical dynamics during wakefulness and their network effects following brain injury","volume":"15","author":"Massimini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8496","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702495104","article-title":"Triggering sleep slow waves by transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"104","author":"Massimini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-110920-033151","article-title":"Neuroscientific evidence for processing without awareness","volume":"45","author":"Mudrik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx324","article-title":"Minimally conscious state or cortically mediated state?","volume":"141","author":"Naccache","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain: A Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26530","article-title":"Functional neuroimaging as an assessment tool in critically ill patients","volume":"93","author":"Norton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"5792","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1130197","article-title":"Detecting awareness in the vegetative state","volume":"313","author":"Owen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200301","article-title":"Ethics and the 2018 practice guideline on disorders of consciousness: A framework for responsible implementation","volume":"98","author":"Peterson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib43","first-page":"118","article-title":"Disability rating scale for severe head trauma: Coma to community","volume":"63","author":"Rappaport","year":"1982","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/15358593.2017.1331255","article-title":"\u201cI\u2019d rather be dead than disabled\u201d\u2013The ableist conflation and the meanings of disability","volume":"17","author":"Reynolds","year":"2017","journal-title":"Review of Communication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib45","series-title":"The life worth living: Disability, pain, and morality","author":"Reynolds","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1017\/epi.2021.42","article-title":"Against intuitive horribleness","volume":"21","author":"Reynolds","year":"2024","journal-title":"Episteme"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06871-1","article-title":"Sleep-like cortical OFF-periods disrupt causality and complexity in the brain of unresponsive wakefulness syndrome patients","volume":"9","author":"Rosanova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr340","article-title":"Recovery of cortical effective connectivity and recovery of consciousness in vegetative patients","volume":"135","author":"Rosanova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain: a Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2022.109491","article-title":"TAAC - TMS adaptable auditory control: A universal tool to mask TMS clicks","volume":"370","author":"Russo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa338","article-title":"Local sleep-like cortical reactivity in the awake brain after focal injury","volume":"143","author":"Sarasso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain: a Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.2899","article-title":"Cognitive motor dissociation following severe brain injuries","volume":"72","author":"Schiff","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10120917","article-title":"Detecting the potential for consciousness in unresponsive patients using the perturbational complexity index","volume":"10","author":"Sinitsyn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25995","article-title":"Covert speech comprehension predicts recovery from acute unresponsive states","volume":"89","author":"Sokoliuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26095","article-title":"Preservation of brain activity in unresponsive patients identifies MCS star","volume":"90","author":"Thibaut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa127","article-title":"Brain responsivity provides an individual readout for motor recovery after stroke","volume":"143","author":"Tscherpel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain: a Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib56","series-title":"Section 504 of the rehabilitation act of 1973; part 84 final rule fact sheet","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/97.1.709","article-title":"Visual capacity in the hemianopic field following a restricted occipital ablation","volume":"97","author":"Weiskrantz","year":"1974","journal-title":"Brain: A Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011734","article-title":"The quest for covert consciousness: Bringing neuroethics to the bedside","volume":"96","author":"Young","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-230123","article-title":"Covert consciousness","volume":"54","author":"Young","year":"2024","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nc\/niad026","article-title":"Covert cortical processing: A diagnosis in search of a definition","volume":"2024","author":"Young","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroscience of Consciousness"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-023-01899-8","article-title":"Disclosing results of tests for covert consciousness: A framework for ethical translation","volume":"40","author":"Young","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurocritical Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.27045","article-title":"Consciousness and controlled donation after circulatory determination of death","volume":"335","author":"Young","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-025-02399-7","article-title":"Covert consciousness: Epistemic limits of its definition and detection","volume":"44","author":"Young","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurocritical Care"}],"container-title":["Cortex"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010945226001103?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010945226001103?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:36:18Z","timestamp":1786653378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010945226001103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S0010945226001103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-9452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-9452","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Covert brain complexity in the intensive care unit","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cortex","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2026.03.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}