{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:51:00Z","timestamp":1790895060396,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,5]],"date-time":"2012-04-05T05:52:40Z","timestamp":1333605160000},"page":"215-220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: new outbreaks, new discoveries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Onder","family":"Ergonul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0005","series-title":"The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology","article-title":"Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever","author":"Watts","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/15.4.307","article-title":"The epidemiology of tick-borne Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever in Asia, Europe, and Africa","volume":"15","author":"Hoogstraal","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70435-2","article-title":"Crimean\u2013Congo haemorrhagic fever","volume":"6","author":"Ergonul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.69.284","article-title":"Short report: Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, February 2002","volume":"69","author":"Athar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1086\/375058","article-title":"The efficacy of oral ribavirin in the treatment of Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran","volume":"36","author":"Mardani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1010.040586","article-title":"Human Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever, Senegal","volume":"10","author":"Nabeth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0770-9","article-title":"Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever in Albania, 2001","volume":"21","author":"Papa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.3.1122-1123.2002","article-title":"Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever in Kosovo","volume":"40","author":"Drosten","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1008.040162","article-title":"Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever in Bulgaria","volume":"10","author":"Papa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1086\/422000","article-title":"Characteristics of patients with Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever in a recent outbreak in Turkey and impact of oral ribavirin therapy","volume":"39","author":"Ergonul","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.11.011","article-title":"Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever in Greece: a public health perspective","volume":"13","author":"Maltezou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0809.010510","article-title":"First documentation of human Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever, Kenya","volume":"8","author":"Dunster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1012.040535","article-title":"Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever, Mauritania","volume":"10","author":"Nabeth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0070","first-page":"585","article-title":"First Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in India","volume":"59","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0075_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60680-6","article-title":"Crimean\u2013Congo haemorrhagic fever in India","volume":"378","author":"Mishra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0080","series-title":"Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Global Perspective","first-page":"3","article-title":"Introduction","author":"Ergonul","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.07.021","article-title":"The epidemiology of Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever in Turkey, 2002\u20132007","volume":"13","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0090_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-90","article-title":"The first clinical case due to AP92 like strain of Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and a field survey","volume":"9","author":"Midilli","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0030","article-title":"Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever in European part of Turkey: genetic analysis of the virus strains from ticks and a seroepidemiological study in humans","volume":"11","author":"Gargili","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0100","series-title":"Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Global Perspective","first-page":"59","article-title":"Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in Turkey","author":"Vatansever","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0105_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11089","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01383-10","article-title":"Pathogenesis and immune response of Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in a STAT-1 knockout mouse model","volume":"84","author":"Bente","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-200007000-00010","article-title":"Hemorrhagic fever virus-induced changes in hemostasis and vascular biology","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S268","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200205001-00016","article-title":"Role of the endothelium in viral hemorrhagic fevers","volume":"30","author":"Peters","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S110","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1142","article-title":"Exotic emerging viral diseases: progress and challenges","volume":"10","author":"Geisbert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0125","series-title":"Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Global Perspective","first-page":"221","article-title":"Comparative pathogenesis of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever and Ebola hemorrhagic fever","author":"Bray","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0130_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1086\/500836","article-title":"Evaluation of serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever","volume":"193","author":"Ergonul","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0135_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29712","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029712","article-title":"Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever virus-infected hepatocytes induce ER-stress and apoptosis crosstalk","volume":"7","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0140_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.04.001","article-title":"Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever in children","volume":"48","author":"Tezer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.18.2391","article-title":"Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: medical and public health management","volume":"287","author":"Borio","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0150","series-title":"Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Global Perspective","first-page":"233","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever","author":"Zeller","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(02)00201-2","article-title":"Molecular diagnostics of viral hemorrhagic fevers","volume":"57","author":"Drosten","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2323-2330.2002","article-title":"Rapid detection and quantification of RNA of Ebola and Marburg viruses, Lassa virus, Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus by real-time reverse transcription-PCR","volume":"40","author":"Drosten","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800057277","article-title":"Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of antibody to Crimean\u2013Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in the sera of livestock and wild vertebrates","volume":"111","author":"Burt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1204.051515","article-title":"MassTag polymerase chain reaction for differential diagnosis of viral hemorrhagic fever","volume":"12","author":"Palacios","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S184","DOI":"10.1086\/520593","article-title":"Development of an immunofiltration-based antigen-detection assay for rapid diagnosis of Ebola virus infection","volume":"196","author":"Lucht","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0180","series-title":"Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Global Perspective","first-page":"207","article-title":"Clinical and pathologic features of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever","author":"Ergonul","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0185_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02905.x","article-title":"Pregnancy and Crimean\u2013Congo haemorrhagic fever","volume":"16","author":"Ergonul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0190","series-title":"Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Global Perspective","first-page":"245","article-title":"Treatment of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever","author":"Ergonul","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198601023140104","article-title":"Lassa fever. Effective therapy with ribavirin","volume":"314","author":"McCormick","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0200_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1086\/657315","article-title":"Review of the literature and proposed guidelines for the use of oral ribavirin as postexposure prophylaxis for Lassa fever","volume":"51","author":"Bausch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(02)00203-6","article-title":"Viruses of the Bunya- and Togaviridae families: potential as bioterrorism agents and means of control","volume":"57","author":"Sidwell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-3542(93)90040-P","article-title":"Ribavirin efficacy in an in vivo model of Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHF) infection","volume":"22","author":"Tignor","year":"1993","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.41.581","article-title":"Inhibition of Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever viral infectivity yields in vitro by ribavirin","volume":"41","author":"Watts","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2003.11.006","article-title":"A simple assay for determining antiviral activity against Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever virus","volume":"62","author":"Paragas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.11.002","article-title":"Treatment of Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever","volume":"78","author":"Ergonul","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0728-2","article-title":"The role of ribavirin in the therapy of Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever: early use is promising","volume":"28","author":"Tasdelen Fisgin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2009.11","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of ribavirin therapy on survival of Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever patients: a case-control study","volume":"62","author":"Izadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5152\/kd.2010.03","article-title":"Impact of early ribavirin use on fatality of CCHF","volume":"23","author":"Ozbey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Klimik J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0245_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2011-100107","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of ribavirin in Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever: ethical considerations","volume":"38","author":"Arda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90906-L","article-title":"Specific intravenous immunoglobulin for Crimean\u2013Congo haemorrhagic fever","volume":"335","author":"Vassilenko","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0255","series-title":"Crimean\u2013Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Global Perspective","first-page":"261","article-title":"Antibodies to CCHFV for prophylaxis and treatment","author":"Dimitrov","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.64.439","article-title":"Prompt administration of Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus hyperimmunoglobulin in patients diagnosed with CCHF and viral load monitorization by reverse transcriptase-PCR","volume":"64","author":"Kubar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(72)90271-4","article-title":"Lassa fever. Epidemiological aspects of the 1970 epidemic, Jos, Nigeria","volume":"66","author":"Carey","year":"1972","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92206-3","article-title":"No evidence for increased risk of Lassa fever infection in hospital staff","volume":"2","author":"Helmick","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.10.009","article-title":"The lack of Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever virus antibodies in healthcare workers in an endemic region","volume":"11","author":"Ergonul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001_bib0280","series-title":"Crimean\u2013Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Global Perspective","first-page":"281","article-title":"Estimates and prevention of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever risks for health care workers","author":"Tarantola","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879625712000442?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879625712000442?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T19:38:54Z","timestamp":1687376334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1879625712000442"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1879625712000442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1879-6257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1879-6257","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}}}