{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T19:56:20Z","timestamp":1790538980866,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]],"date-time":"2017-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,12]],"date-time":"2017-04-12T02:31:28Z","timestamp":1491964288000},"page":"9-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["How to treat Ebola virus infections? A lesson from the field"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Duraffour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Malvy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daouda","family":"Sissoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411677","article-title":"A case of severe Ebola virus infection complicated by gram-negative septicemia","volume":"371","author":"Kreuels","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0530","article-title":"Characteristics and clinical management of a cluster of 3 patients with Ebola virus disease, including the first domestically acquired cases in the United States","volume":"163","author":"Liddell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60667-8","article-title":"Ebola haemorrhagic fever","volume":"377","author":"Feldmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00144-9","article-title":"Clinical presentation, biochemical, and haematological parameters and their association with outcome in patients with Ebola virus disease: an observational cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Hunt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S364","DOI":"10.1086\/520613","article-title":"Blood chemistry measurements and D-dimer levels associated with fatal and nonfatal outcomes in humans infected with Sudan Ebola virus","volume":"196","author":"Rollin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411680","article-title":"Clinical illness and outcomes in patients with Ebola in Sierra Leone","volume":"371","author":"Schieffelin","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_sbref0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001967","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001967","article-title":"Experimental treatment with favipiravir for Ebola virus disease (the JIKI Trial): a historically controlled, single-arm proof-of-concept trial in Guinea","volume":"13","author":"Sissoko","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62384-9","article-title":"Severe Ebola virus disease with vascular leakage and multiorgan failure: treatment of a patient in intensive care","volume":"385","author":"Wolf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201408-1514CP","article-title":"Caring for critically ill patients with Ebola virus disease. Perspectives from West Africa","volume":"190","author":"Fowler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201410-481PS","article-title":"Clinical presentation and management of severe Ebola virus disease","volume":"11","author":"West","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_sbref0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1411310","article-title":"Doing today\u2019s work superbly well-treating Ebola with current tools","volume":"371","author":"Lamontagne","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_sbref0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1325-2","article-title":"Ebola virus disease and critical illness","volume":"20","author":"Leligdowicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.014","article-title":"Ebola virus glycoprotein with increased infectivity dominated the 2013\u20132016 epidemic","volume":"167","author":"Diehl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01913-16","article-title":"Functional characterization of adaptive mutations during the West African Ebola virus outbreak","volume":"91","author":"Dietzel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411249","article-title":"Clinical presentation of patients with Ebola virus disease in Conakry, Guinea","volume":"372","author":"Bah","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2209.151621","article-title":"Clinical features of and risk factors for fatal Ebola virus disease, Moyamba District, Sierra Leone, December 2014\u2013February 2015","volume":"22","author":"Haaskjold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ319","article-title":"Clinical features of patients with Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone","volume":"61","author":"Qin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.3390\/v4091668","article-title":"Clinical management of filovirus-infected patients","volume":"4","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.11.013","article-title":"Human transmission of Ebola virus","volume":"22","author":"Lawrence","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0100","series-title":"Clinical Management of Patients with Viral Haemorrhagic Fever\u2014A Pocket Guide for the Front-line Health Worker","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00221-2","article-title":"Raising the standard for clinical care of patients with Ebola virus disease","volume":"15","author":"Schieffelin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.11.054","article-title":"Moving towards a more aggressive and comprehensive model of care for children with Ebola","volume":"170","author":"Trehan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2016.11.005","article-title":"Ebola virus disease: an update on current prevention and management strategies","volume":"86","author":"Trad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_sbref0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1604330","article-title":"A randomized: controlled trial of zmapp for Ebola virus infection","volume":"375","author":"Prevail II Writing Group, Multi-National PIIST","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2015.06.010","article-title":"Fluid resuscitation in Ebola virus disease: a comparison of peripheral and central venous accesses","volume":"34","author":"Cotte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anaesth. Crit. Care Pain Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0130","unstructured":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res: Filovirus Haemorrhagic Fever Guideline, 2008."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_sbref0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504874","article-title":"Clinical management of Ebola virus disease in the United States and Europe","volume":"374","author":"Uyeki","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ420","article-title":"Supportive care of the first 2 Ebola virus disease patients at the Monrovia Medical Unit","volume":"61","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.15-4-358","article-title":"Working on the front line","volume":"15","author":"O\u2019Hara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Med. (Lond.)"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S791","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir297","article-title":"Filovirus hemorrhagic fever outbreak case management: a review of current and future treatment options","volume":"204","author":"Roddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411100","article-title":"Ebola virus disease in West Africa\u2014the first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections","volume":"371","author":"WHO Response Team","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1413685","article-title":"Ebola in Freetown area, Sierra Leone\u2014a case study of 581 patients","volume":"372","author":"Ansumana","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S136","DOI":"10.1086\/520542","article-title":"Outbreaks of filovirus hemorrhagic fever: time to refocus on the patient","volume":"196","author":"Bausch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014111057","article-title":"Successful delivery of RRT in Ebola virus disease","volume":"26","author":"Connor","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31824e65d7","article-title":"The impact of early monitored management on survival in hospitalized adult Ugandan patients with severe sepsis: a prospective intervention study","volume":"40","author":"Jacob","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62316-3","article-title":"Ebola virus disease: clinical care and patient-centred research","volume":"384","author":"Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_sbref0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004948","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004948","article-title":"Diagnostics in Ebola virus disease in resource-rich and resource-limited settings","volume":"10","author":"Shorten","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1409858","article-title":"The international Ebola emergency","volume":"371","author":"Briand","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.02.014","article-title":"Successful treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection with T-705 (favipiravir) in a small animal model","volume":"105","author":"Oestereich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.01.012","article-title":"Post-exposure efficacy of oral T-705 (Favipiravir) against inhalational Ebola virus infection in a mouse model","volume":"104","author":"Smither","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511812","article-title":"Evaluation of convalescent plasma for Ebola virus disease in Guinea","volume":"374","author":"van Griensven","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S400","DOI":"10.1086\/520587","article-title":"Ebola hemorrhagic fever: evaluation of passive immunotherapy in nonhuman primates","volume":"196","author":"Jahrling","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1609116","article-title":"Efficacy of convalescent plasma in relation to dose of Ebola virus antibodies","volume":"375","author":"van Griensven","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ680","article-title":"The use of Ebola convalescent plasma to treat Ebola virus disease in resource-constrained settings: a perspective from the field","volume":"62","author":"van Griensven","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13777","article-title":"Reversion of advanced Ebola virus disease in nonhuman primates with ZMapp","volume":"514","author":"Qiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14442","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticle siRNA treatment of Ebola-virus-Makona-infected nonhuman primates","volume":"521","author":"Thi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001997","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001997","article-title":"Experimental treatment of Ebola virus disease with TKM-130803: a single-arm phase 2 clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Dunning","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0162199","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162199","article-title":"Experimental treatment of Ebola virus disease with brincidofovir","volume":"11","author":"Dunning","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.10.010","article-title":"The lipid moiety of brincidofovir is required for in vitro antiviral activity against Ebola virus","volume":"125","author":"McMullan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30386-5","article-title":"Late Ebola virus relapse causing meningoencephalitis: a case report","volume":"388","author":"Jacobs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0255","first-page":"171","article-title":"First newborn baby to receive experimental therapies survives Ebola virus disease","volume":"215","author":"Dornemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_sbref0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00077-3","article-title":"Sequelae of Ebola virus disease: the emergency within the emergency","volume":"16","author":"Vetter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0265","first-page":"606","article-title":"Resurgence of Ebola virus disease in Liberia","volume":"3","author":"Burki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_sbref0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw601","article-title":"Resurgence of Ebola virus disease in guinea linked to a survivor with virus persistence in seminal fluid for more than 500 days","volume":"63","author":"Diallo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509773","article-title":"Molecular evidence of sexual transmission of Ebola virus","volume":"373","author":"Mate","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e80","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30243-1","article-title":"Persistence and clearance of Ebola virus RNA from seminal fluid of Ebola virus disease survivors: a longitudinal analysis and modelling study","volume":"5","author":"Sissoko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17180","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys","volume":"531","author":"Warren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10068","key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32621-6","article-title":"Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomised trial (Ebola Ca Suffit!)","volume":"389","author":"Henao-Restrepo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879625716301316?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879625716301316?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T10:05:04Z","timestamp":1601892304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1879625716301316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S1879625716301316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1879-6257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1879-6257","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"How to treat Ebola virus infections? A lesson from the field","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Opinion in Virology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}