{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T02:26:51Z","timestamp":1792981611450,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]],"date-time":"2019-03-07T14:08:11Z","timestamp":1551967691000},"page":"110-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Successes and challenges for preventing measles, mumps and rubella by vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Bettina","family":"Bankamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Hickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph P","family":"Icenogle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8595-4094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A","family":"Rota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0005","series-title":"Global Summary","article-title":"WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring system","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_sbref0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16049","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.49","article-title":"Measles","volume":"2","author":"Rota","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn224","article-title":"Estimates of measles case fatality ratios: a comprehensive review of community-based studies","volume":"38","author":"Wolfson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53488-0.00027-4","article-title":"Measles virus and the nervous system","volume":"123","author":"Griffin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1086\/497169","article-title":"Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: more cases of this fatal disease are prevented by measles immunization than was previously recognized","volume":"192","author":"Bellini","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-72-1-83","article-title":"Identification of several different lineages of measles virus","volume":"72","author":"Taylor","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S514","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir118","article-title":"Global distribution of measles genotypes and measles molecular epidemiology","volume":"204","author":"Rota","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.4.795","article-title":"Antigenic analysis of current wild type and vaccine strains of measles virus","volume":"170","author":"Tamin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_sbref0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3390\/v8040109","article-title":"Constraints on the genetic and antigenic variability of measles virus","volume":"8","author":"Beaty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0050","first-page":"S43","article-title":"Summary and conclusions: measles elimination meeting, 16\u201317 March 2000","volume":"189","author":"Katz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.9984","article-title":"Incidence of measles in the United States, 2001\u20132015","volume":"318","author":"Clemmons","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww168","article-title":"Assessment of the status of measles elimination in the United States, 2001\u20132014","volume":"185","author":"Gastanaduy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6642a6","article-title":"Progress toward regional measles elimination\u2014Worldwide, 2000\u20132016","volume":"66","author":"Dabbagh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_sbref0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.09.026","article-title":"Measles and rubella global strategic plan 2012\u20132020 midterm review","volume":"36","author":"Orenstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn263","article-title":"Geographic clustering of nonmedical exemptions to school immunization requirements and associations with geographic clustering of pertussis","volume":"168","author":"Omer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.17.17-00816","article-title":"Vaccine hesitancy in the French population in 2016, and its association with vaccine uptake and perceived vaccine risk-benefit balance","volume":"23","author":"Rey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.09.035","article-title":"Vaccine hesitancy: causes, consequences, and a call to action","volume":"33","author":"Salmon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021134","article-title":"A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism","volume":"347","author":"Madsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181c40a8a","article-title":"Lack of association between measles-mumps-rubella vaccination and autism in children: a case-control study","volume":"29","author":"Mrozek-Budzyn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17020-7","article-title":"MMR vaccination and pervasive developmental disorders: a case-control study","volume":"364","author":"Smeeth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.04.085","article-title":"Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies","volume":"32","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0157-3","article-title":"MMR-vaccine and regression in autism spectrum disorders: negative results presented from Japan","volume":"37","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2715","article-title":"Geographic clusters in underimmunization and vaccine refusal","volume":"135","author":"Lieu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.09.062","article-title":"Measles vaccination using a microneedle patch","volume":"31","author":"Edens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_sbref0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy139","article-title":"A microneedle patch for measles and rubella vaccination is immunogenic and protective in infant rhesus macaques","volume":"218","author":"Joyce","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1086\/655394","article-title":"Seroprevalence of antibody to mumps virus in the US population, 1999\u20132004","volume":"202","author":"Kutty","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0135","article-title":"Genomic diversity of mumps virus and global distribution of the 12 genotypes","author":"Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06125-11","article-title":"Recent mumps outbreaks in vaccinated populations: no evidence of immune escape","volume":"86","author":"Rubin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.10.050","article-title":"Serological and phylogenetic evidence of monotypic immune responses to different mumps virus strains","volume":"24","author":"Rubin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00284-10","article-title":"Enzyme-linked immunospot assay detection of mumps-specific antibody-secreting B cells as an alternative method of laboratory diagnosis","volume":"18","author":"Latner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_sbref0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00320-18","article-title":"Development and use of an endpoint titration assay to characterize mumps IgG avidity following measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and wild-type mumps infection","volume":"3","author":"Mercader","year":"2018","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.06.109","article-title":"Mumps resurgences in the United States: a historical perspective on unexpected elements","volume":"27","author":"Barskey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0165","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Mumps Cases and Outbreaks (https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mumps\/outbreaks.html)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir526","article-title":"Mumps antibody levels among students before a mumps outbreak: in search of a correlate of immunity","volume":"204","author":"Cortese","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0175","first-page":"175","article-title":"Mumps outbreak at a summer camp\u2014New York, 2005","volume":"55","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2006","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0180","first-page":"559","article-title":"Update: multistate outbreak of mumps\u2014United States, January 1\u2013May 2, 2006","volume":"55","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2006","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0185","first-page":"986","article-title":"Mumps outbreak on a university campus\u2014California, 2011","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu101","article-title":"Mumps serum antibody levels before and after an outbreak to assess infection and immunity in vaccinated students","volume":"1","author":"Gouma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_sbref0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202865","article-title":"Mumps outbreak in Orthodox Jewish communities in the United States","volume":"367","author":"Barskey","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6701a7","article-title":"Recommendation of the advisory committee on immunization practices for use of a third dose of mumps virus-containing vaccine in persons at increased risk for mumps during an outbreak","volume":"67","author":"Marin","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11741","article-title":"Functional and evolutionary insight from the crystal structure of rubella virus protein E1","volume":"493","author":"DuBois","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-32","article-title":"Analysis of whole genome sequences of 16 strains of rubella virus from the United States, 1961\u20132009","volume":"10","author":"Abernathy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1086\/515370","article-title":"Molecular analysis of rubella virus epidemiology across three continents, North America, Europe, and Asia, 1961\u20131997","volume":"178","author":"Frey","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0220","first-page":"337","article-title":"Rubella virus nomenclature update: 2013","volume":"88","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_sbref0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000680","article-title":"Genetic diversity of currently circulating rubella viruses: a need to define more precise viral groups","volume":"98","author":"Rivailler","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0230","first-page":"7","article-title":"Congenital defects associated with maternal rubella","volume":"14","author":"Gregg","year":"1947","journal-title":"Aust Hosp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.11.050","article-title":"Immunolocalization and distribution of rubella antigen in fatal congenital rubella syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Lazar","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0240","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control and prevention of rubella: evaluation and management of suspected outbreaks, rubella in pregnant women, and surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2001","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2015.06.084","article-title":"Genomic characterization of a persistent rubella virus from a case of Fuch\u2019 uveitis syndrome in a 73 year old man","volume":"69","author":"Abernathy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_sbref0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.06.030","article-title":"Rubella persistence in epidermal keratinocytes and granuloma M2 macrophages in patients with primary immunodeficiencies","volume":"138","author":"Perelygina","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1086\/505943","article-title":"The evidence for the elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in the United States: a public health achievement","volume":"43","author":"Reef","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S146","DOI":"10.1086\/505947","article-title":"Rubella immunity levels in the United States population: has the threshold of viral elimination been reached?","volume":"43","author":"Hyde","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.4342","article-title":"Elimination of endemic measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome from the Western hemisphere: the US experience","volume":"168","author":"Papania","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0270","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0275","first-page":"226","article-title":"Three cases of congenital rubella syndrome in the postelimination era\u2014Maryland, Alabama, and Illinois, 2012","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2013.841435","article-title":"Perspectives on the role of surveillance in eliminating rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in the Americas","volume":"12","author":"Andrus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0285","unstructured":"World Health Organization: Global Vaccine Action Plan 2011\u20132020 (http:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/global_vaccine_action_plan\/GVAP_doc_2011_2020\/en\/)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0290","series-title":"Vaccines","article-title":"Rubella vaccine","author":"Plotkin","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.6.1176","article-title":"Modelling the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome in developing countries","volume":"28","author":"Cutts","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e519","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-4184","article-title":"Mortality associated with pulmonary hypertension in congenital rubella syndrome","volume":"134","author":"Toizumi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879625718301615?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879625718301615?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T10:01:42Z","timestamp":1761818502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1879625718301615"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["S1879625718301615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1879-6257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1879-6257","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Successes and challenges for preventing measles, mumps and rubella by vaccination","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Opinion in Virology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}