{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:57:56Z","timestamp":1792119476466,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Problems in Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T11:52:39Z","timestamp":1707479559000},"page":"102457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Sex- and gender-related disparities in chest pain syndromes: the feminine mystique of chest pain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Angeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Moscucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Sciomer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Bucciarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Vittoria","family":"Mattioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"Pizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Gallina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0001","first-page":"e368","article-title":"2021 AHA\/ACC\/ASE\/CHEST\/SAEM\/SCCT\/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"144","author":"Gulati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001123","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"147","author":"Tsao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.744788","article-title":"Gender-Related Differences in Chest Pain Syndromes in the Frontiers in CV Medicine Special Issue: Sex & Gender in CV Medicine","volume":"8","author":"Mehta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0004","first-page":"604","article-title":"Sex and age-related differences in outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction: MINOCA versus MIOCA","volume":"12","author":"Canton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2958","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12082958","article-title":"Sex-Related Disparities in Cardiac Masses: Clinical Features and Outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Angeli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0006","first-page":"277","article-title":"Sex Differences in Heart Failure: What Do We Know?","volume":"10","author":"Arata","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Dev Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24945","article-title":"Genetics, sex, and gender","volume":"101","author":"Reale","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2013.03.078","article-title":"Evaluation of gender differences in Door-to-Balloon time in ST-elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"22","author":"Dreyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.02.015","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of Gender Disparities in In-hospital Care and Outcomes in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction","volume":"147","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.070","article-title":"Participation of Women in Clinical Trials Supporting FDA Approval of Cardiovascular Drugs","volume":"71","author":"Scott","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000351","article-title":"Acute Myocardial Infarction in Women: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"133","author":"Mehta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e239","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000907","article-title":"Ten-Year Differences in Women's Awareness Related to Coronary Heart Disease: Results of the 2019 American Heart Association National Survey: A Special Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"143","author":"Cushman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.114.001612","article-title":"Symptom recognition and healthcare experiences of young women with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"8","author":"Lichtman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00797-4","article-title":"Gender medicine: effects of sex and gender on cardiovascular disease manifestation and outcomes","volume":"20","author":"Regitz-Zagrosek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001423","article-title":"Cardiovascular prevention in women: an update by the Italian Society of Cardiology working group on \u2018Prevention, hypertension and peripheral disease","volume":"24","author":"Mattioli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med Hagerstown Md"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4347","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12134347","article-title":"The Impact of Physical Activity and Inactivity on Cardiovascular Risk across Women's Lifespan: An Updated Review","volume":"12","author":"Bucciarelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2019.05.001","article-title":"Depression and cardiovascular disease: The deep blue sea of women's heart","volume":"30","author":"Bucciarelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.04.044","article-title":"Comparison of Late Cardiac Death and Myocardial Infarction Rates in Women Vs Men With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction","volume":"128","author":"Burgess","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015594","article-title":"Ten-Year Trends in Enrollment of Women and Minorities in Pivotal Trials Supporting Recent US Food and Drug Administration Approval of Novel Cardiometabolic Drugs","volume":"9","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00684-X","article-title":"The Lancet women and cardiovascular disease Commission: reducing the global burden by 2030","volume":"397","author":"Vogel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.14740\/cr612w","article-title":"Occurrence and Impact of Time Delay to Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction","volume":"8","author":"Shahin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.07.034","article-title":"Gender-specific ambulance priority and delays to primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a consequence of the patients\u2019 presentation or the management at the emergency medical communications center?","volume":"166","author":"Melberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3819","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz784","article-title":"Gender in cardiovascular medicine: chest pain and coronary artery disease","volume":"40","author":"Mehta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0024","first-page":"166","article-title":"Interhospital transfer due to failed prehospital diagnosis for primary percutaneous coronary intervention: an observational study on incidence, predictors, and clinical impact","volume":"2","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0025","article-title":"Under-Recognized, Underdiagnosed, and Undertreated: Sex-Based Disparities in Cardiovascular Medicine","volume":"15","author":"Understudied","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.10.1009","article-title":"Management patterns in relation to risk stratification among patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes","volume":"167","author":"Yan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.10.1019","article-title":"Exploring the treatment-risk paradox in coronary disease","volume":"167","author":"McAlister","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037137","article-title":"Twenty Year Trends and Sex Differences in Young Adults Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction","volume":"139","author":"Arora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.121.011308","article-title":"Sex Differences in Health Status and Clinical Outcomes After Nonprimary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention","volume":"15","author":"Hiremath","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8569","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1800097115","article-title":"Patient-physician gender concordance and increased mortality among female heart attack patients","volume":"115","author":"Greenwood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6358624","article-title":"\u2018Brave Men\u2019 and \u2018Emotional Women\u2019: A Theory-Guided Literature Review on Gender Bias in Health Care and Gendered Norms towards Patients with Chronic Pain","volume":"2018","author":"Samulowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.06.009","article-title":"Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Breivik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.11.13","article-title":"Relationship of female sex hormones with pain perception: focus on estrogens","volume":"1","author":"Aloisi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet127","article-title":"Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings","volume":"111","author":"Bartley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.03.005","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease, psychosocial factors, and genetics: the case of depression","volume":"55","author":"Mulle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0036","first-page":"775","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms linking depression and atherosclerosis: an overview","volume":"26","author":"Pizzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-015-3618-0","article-title":"Depression as a risk factor for acute coronary syndrome: a review","volume":"291","author":"Misteli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2010.04.038","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system, inflammation and preclinical carotid atherosclerosis in depressed subjects with coronary risk factors","volume":"212","author":"Pizzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.11.017","article-title":"Meta-analysis of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients with depression and coronary heart disease","volume":"107","author":"Pizzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.11.026","article-title":"Chest Pain and Mental Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemia: Sex Differences","volume":"131","author":"Pimple","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-022-01821-2","article-title":"Mental Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemia","volume":"24","author":"Mehta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.553071","article-title":"Similarities and Differences of Mental Health in Women and Men: A Systematic Review of Findings in Three Large German Cohorts","volume":"9","author":"Otten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.09.009","article-title":"Depression pandemic and cardiovascular risk in the COVID-19 era and long COVID syndrome: Gender makes a difference","volume":"32","author":"Bucciarelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000174172","article-title":"Autonomic responses in chest pain syndromes as compared to normal subjects","volume":"74","author":"Ellestad","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00147","article-title":"Linking Pain Sensation to the Autonomic Nervous System: The Role of the Anterior Cingulate and Periaqueductal Gray Resting-State Networks","volume":"14","author":"Hohenschurz-Schmidt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.68.9.282","article-title":"Lower threshold for adenosine-induced chest pain in patients with angina and normal coronary angiograms","volume":"68","author":"Lagerqvist","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463712474648","article-title":"Myocardial ischaemia and cardiac pain - a mysterious relationship","volume":"7","author":"Leach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.008507","article-title":"Effects of sex on coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiac outcomes","volume":"129","author":"Murthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2015.06.017","article-title":"Prevalence of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Among Patients With Chest Pain and Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease","volume":"8","author":"Sara","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.02.001","article-title":"Central autonomic network mediates cardiovascular responses to acute inflammation: relevance to increased cardiovascular risk in depression?","volume":"31","author":"Harrison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890008995938","article-title":"The brain-heart axis in the perception of cardiac pain: the elusive link between ischaemia and pain","volume":"32","author":"Rosen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0052","first-page":"435","article-title":"Functional heterogeneity in cingulate cortex: the anterior executive and posterior evaluative regions","volume":"2","author":"Vogt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex N Y N"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab029","article-title":"Stress-associated neurobiological activity associates with the risk for and timing of subsequent Takotsubo syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Radfar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000950","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"143","author":"Virani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-77932-4_4","article-title":"Sex Differences in Epidemiology of Cardiac and Vascular Disease","volume":"1065","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.02.033","article-title":"Team-Based Care of Women With Cardiovascular Disease From Pre-Conception Through Pregnancy and Postpartum: JACC Focus Seminar 1\/5","volume":"77","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-022-01745-x","article-title":"Mechanisms of Coronary Ischemia in Women","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.00004","article-title":"The Role of Multimodality Cardiovascular Imaging in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy","volume":"7","author":"Ricci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.03.410","article-title":"ACC\/AHA\/ASE\/ASNC\/ASPC\/HFSA\/HRS\/SCAI\/SCCT\/SCMR\/STS 2023 Multimodality Appropriate Use Criteria for the Detection and Risk Assessment of Chronic Coronary Disease","volume":"81","author":"Winchester","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-6-21","article-title":"Economic analysis including long-term risks and costs of alternative diagnostic strategies to evaluate patients with chest pain","volume":"6","author":"Bedetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0061","first-page":"2083","article-title":"The Role of Non-Invasive Multimodality Imaging in Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Anatomical and Functional Pathways","volume":"13","author":"Bergamaschi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagn Basel Switz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0062","first-page":"219","article-title":"Effects of lipid based Multiple Micronutrients Supplement on the birth outcome of underweight pre-eclamptic women: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Mohammad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15753","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15753","article-title":"Myocardial strain of the left ventricle by speckle tracking echocardiography: From physics to clinical practice","volume":"41","author":"Gherbesi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Echocardiogr Mt Kisco N"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2007.07.020","article-title":"Suboptimal awareness of radiologic dose among patients undergoing cardiac stress scintigraphy","volume":"5","author":"Bedetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol JACR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0065","first-page":"ehad191","article-title":"2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes","author":"Byrne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.2.484","article-title":"In-hospital and 1-year mortality in 1,524 women after myocardial infarction. Comparison with 4,315 men","volume":"83","author":"Greenland","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440080070026","article-title":"Differences between women and men in survival after myocardial infarction. Biology or methodology?","volume":"263","author":"Fiebach","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02173-3","article-title":"Hospital outcomes in patients presenting with congestive heart failure complicating acute myocardial infarction: a report from the Second National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI-2)","volume":"40","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0069","article-title":"Prognostic Role of Early Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries","author":"Bergamaschi","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004521","article-title":"Impact of Sex and Contact-to-Device Time on Clinical Outcomes in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction-Findings From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry","volume":"6","author":"Roswell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012293","article-title":"Sex differences in reperfusion in young patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: results from the VIRGO study","volume":"131","author":"D'Onofrio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000001012","article-title":"Gender differences in acute aortic syndromes","volume":"38","author":"Bhatt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0073","first-page":"1701","article-title":"Rationale and tutorial for analysing and reporting sex differences in cardiovascular associations","volume":"105","author":"Woodward","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Br Card Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0074","article-title":"Giant-Cell Aortitis-Induced Acute Aortic Insufficiency: An Underestimated Etiology","volume":"24","author":"Noori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-022-01827-5","article-title":"Pseudoaneurysm with a fistula to the right ventricle late after surgical repair of type A aortic dissection in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"17","author":"Shimada","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.028436","article-title":"Aortic Dissection During Pregnancy and Puerperium: Contemporary Incidence and Outcomes in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0077","first-page":"147","article-title":"Sex-Based Difference in Aortic Dissection Outcomes: A Multicenter Study","volume":"10","author":"Nappi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Dev Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.024149","article-title":"Sex-Related Differences in Clinical Features and In-Hospital Outcomes of Type B Acute Aortic Dissection: A Registry Study","volume":"11","author":"Takahashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/20533691221148036","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy in women with history of thrombosis or a thrombophilia","volume":"29","author":"Morris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Post Reprod Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-017-0152-8","article-title":"The protective role of estrogen and estrogen receptors in cardiovascular disease and the controversial use of estrogen therapy","volume":"8","author":"Iorga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187648","article-title":"Sex differences in the characteristics and short-term prognosis of patients presenting with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism","volume":"12","author":"Barrios","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021588","article-title":"Gender Differences and Cardiometabolic Risk: The Importance of the Risk Factors","volume":"24","author":"Meloni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318810560","article-title":"Prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in women: The lifestyle paradox and stereotypes we need to defeat","volume":"26","author":"Sciomer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.06.012","article-title":"Gender Disparities in Presentation, Management, and Outcomes of Acute Pulmonary Embolism","volume":"202","author":"Alsaloum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0085","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Sex Differences in Epidemiology, Morphology, Mechanisms, and Treatment of Mitral Valve Regurgitation","volume":"59","author":"Tersalvi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Kaunas Lith"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.02.007","article-title":"Sex Differences in LV Remodeling and Hemodynamics in Aortic Stenosis: Sex-Specific Criteria for Severe Stenosis?","volume":"15","author":"Ito","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0087","first-page":"139","article-title":"Time and Frequency Repolarization Domains in Elderly Candidates to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement","volume":"174","author":"Piccirillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab395","article-title":"2021 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease","volume":"43","author":"Vahanian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0089","first-page":"e35","article-title":"2020 ACC\/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"143","author":"Otto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.08.081","article-title":"Sex-Related Factors in Valvular Heart Disease: JACC Focus Seminar 5\/7","volume":"79","author":"Hahn","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.831918","article-title":"Social Inequalities in Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathies","volume":"9","author":"Amiya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.10.020","article-title":"Associations of Race and Ethnicity With Presentation and Outcomes of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: JACC Focus Seminar 6\/9","volume":"78","author":"Ntusi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.4638","article-title":"Association of Race With Disease Expression and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy","volume":"5","author":"Eberly","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.10.021","article-title":"Impact of Racial and Ethnic Disparities on Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy: JACC Focus Seminar 7\/9","volume":"78","author":"Ntusi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.053033","article-title":"Evidence-Based Assessment of Genes in Dilated Cardiomyopathy","volume":"144","author":"Jordan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-020-02454-4","article-title":"Racial Disparities in Hospital Mortality Among Pediatric Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis Patients","volume":"42","author":"Olsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2019.12.032","article-title":"Bridging the Disparities Gap to Heart Transplantation With Left Ventricular Assist Devices","volume":"110","author":"Okoh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13770","article-title":"A new pathophysiology in heart failure patients","volume":"44","author":"Sciomer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054994","article-title":"Outcomes and complications of peripartum cardiomyopathy: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Hoevelmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.5603\/KP.2019.0049","article-title":"2018 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy","volume":"77","author":"Regitz-Zagrosek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kardiol Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.014","article-title":"Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: JACC State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"75","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1129348","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: An update","volume":"10","author":"Fairweather","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2496","article-title":"Predictors of relapse, death or heart transplantation in myocarditis before the introduction of immunosuppression: negative prognostic impact of female gender, fulminant onset, lower ejection fraction and serum autoantibodies","volume":"24","author":"Baritussio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008968","article-title":"Elevated Sera sST2 Is Associated With Heart Failure in Men \u226450 Years Old With Myocarditis","volume":"8","author":"Coronado","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"2636\u20132648","key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0105","article-title":"Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases","volume":"34","author":"Caforio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.10.035","volume":"15","author":"Al-Khatib","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2020.10.009","article-title":"Sex-Specific Ventricular Arrhythmias and Mortality in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Recipients","volume":"7","author":"Quesada","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023294","article-title":"Sex Differences in Recovery and Device Replacement After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation as Destination Therapy","volume":"11","author":"Maukel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.05.024","article-title":"Practices of Referring Patients to Advanced Heart Failure Centers","volume":"27","author":"Herr","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106770","article-title":"Strategies to optimize inclusion of women in multi-national clinical trials","volume":"117","author":"Bierer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.2174\/1875692120666230811092856","article-title":"Gender Differences and Gender Medicine: the impact of gender on scientific reports","volume":"20","author":"Mattioli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine"}],"container-title":["Current Problems in Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0146280624000963?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0146280624000963?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T02:44:33Z","timestamp":1758941073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0146280624000963"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0146280624000963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-2806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-2806","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sex- and gender-related disparities in chest pain syndromes: the feminine mystique of chest pain","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Problems in Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102457","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102457"}}