{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T22:59:22Z","timestamp":1763765962421,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,24]],"date-time":"2012-05-24T10:55:12Z","timestamp":1337856912000},"page":"413-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Gastrocnemius Recession or Tendo-Achilles Lengthening for Equinus Deformity in the Diabetic Foot?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Greenhagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Bevilacqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"157","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198106000-00008","article-title":"Hallux valgus\u2013etiology, anatomy, treatment and surgical considerations","author":"Mann","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200308000-00003","article-title":"Effect of Achilles tendon lengthening on neuropathic plantar ulcers. A randomized clinical trial","volume":"85","author":"Mueller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0005","article-title":"Association between plantar fasciitis and isolated contracture of the gastrocnemius","volume":"32","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"year":"2011","series-title":"National diabetes fact sheet: national estimates and general information on diabetes and prediabetes in the United States, 2011","author":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib4"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.2.217","article-title":"Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes","volume":"293","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400259","article-title":"The risk of foot ulceration in diabetic patients with high foot pressure: a prospective study","volume":"35","author":"Veves","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1987.tb00867.x","article-title":"Abnormalities of foot pressure in early diabetic neuropathy","volume":"4","author":"Boulton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.7547\/1020084","volume":"102","author":"Frykberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.4.942","article-title":"The role of limited joint mobility in diabetic patients with an at-risk foot","volume":"27","author":"Zimny","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(97)80072-5","article-title":"Electron microscopic investigation of the effects of diabetes mellitus on the Achilles tendon","volume":"36","author":"Grant","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(02)00191-3","article-title":"Lengthening the Achilles tendon for the treatment of diabetic plantar forefoot ulceration","volume":"83","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-92-9-479","article-title":"Ankle equinus deformity and its relationship to high plantar pressure in a large population with diabetes mellitus","volume":"92","author":"Lavery","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20930","article-title":"Cadaveric flatfoot model: ligament attenuation and Achilles tendon overpull","volume":"27","author":"Blackman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.6.1066","article-title":"The forefoot-to-rearfoot plantar pressure ratio is increased in severe diabetic neuropathy and can predict foot ulceration","volume":"25","author":"Caselli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B1.16807","article-title":"An equinus deformity of the ankle accounts for only a small amount of the increased forefoot plantar pressure in patients with diabetes","volume":"88","author":"Orendurff","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(99)00038-8","article-title":"Lower limb muscle dysfunction may contribute to foot ulceration in diabetic patients","volume":"15","author":"Abboud","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2008.05.009","article-title":"Surgical correction of soft-tissue ankle equinus contracture","volume":"25","author":"Schweinberger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700108","article-title":"The effect of triceps surae contracture force on plantar foot pressure distribution","volume":"27","author":"Aronow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib19","first-page":"92","article-title":"Outcome of gastrocnemius recession and tendo-Achilles lengthening in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib20","series-title":"Orthopadische Operationslehre","first-page":"29","article-title":"Tenotomie der end schnen der mm. Gastrocnemius el soleus mittels mittels rutschenlassen nach Vulpius","author":"Vulpius","year":"1913"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib21","first-page":"315","article-title":"Reduction of the uncrossed two-joints muscles of the leg to one-joint muscles in spastic conditions","volume":"56","author":"Silfverski\u00f6ld","year":"1924","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195032030-00022","article-title":"Recession of the gastrocnemius; an operation to relieve spastic contracture of the calf muscles","volume":"32","author":"Strayer","year":"1950","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195638020-00007","article-title":"A\u00a0rational approach to the surgical needs of the cerebral palsy patient","volume":"38","author":"Baker","year":"1956","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.7547\/0950018","article-title":"Gastrocnemius soleus recession: a simpler, more limited approach","volume":"95","author":"Lamm","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400807","article-title":"Endoscopic gastrocnemius recession: evaluation in a cadaver model","volume":"24","author":"Tashjian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2004.07.001","article-title":"Endoscopic gastrocnemius recession: preliminary report on 18 cases","volume":"43","author":"Saxena","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02514828","article-title":"Lengthening of the anterior aponeurosis of the gastrocnemius muscle","volume":"1","author":"Baumann","year":"1989","journal-title":"Operat Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2007.01.004","article-title":"The gastrocnemius intramuscular aponeurotic recession: a simplified method of gastrocnemius recession","volume":"46","author":"Blitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.11.003","article-title":"Anatomical aspects of the gastrocnemius aponeurosis and its insertion: a cadaveric study","volume":"46","author":"Blitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2008.08.006","article-title":"Anatomical aspects of the gastrocnemius aponeurosis and its muscular bound portion: a cadaveric study-part II","volume":"47","author":"Blitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2004.11.001","article-title":"Salvage of the neuropathic foot by using bone resection and tendon balancing: a retrospective review of 10 patients","volume":"44","author":"Hamilton","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B4.21598","article-title":"Chronic diabetic ulcers under the first metatarsal head treated by staged tendon balancing: a prospective cohort study","volume":"91","author":"Dayer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2009.07.002","article-title":"Gastrocnemius recession as an alternative to tendoAchillis lengthening for relief of forefoot pressure in a patient with peripheral neuropathy: a case report and description of a technical modification","volume":"49","author":"Greenhagen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.02.006","article-title":"Morbidity associated with high gastrocnemius recession: retrospective review of 126 cases","volume":"45","author":"Rush","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0498","article-title":"Achilles tendinopathy in diabetes mellitus","volume":"29","author":"Batista","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700809","article-title":"Increased passive ankle stiffness and reduced dorsiflexion range of motion in individuals with diabetes mellitus","volume":"27","author":"Rao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0072-968X(83)80029-1","article-title":"The blood supply of the tendon with a paratenon. An experimental study using hydrogen washout technique","volume":"15","author":"Naito","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hand"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib38","first-page":"631","article-title":"Subcutaneous Achilles tenotomy in the treatment of perforating ulcer of the foot in leprosy","volume":"39","author":"Yosipovitch","year":"1971","journal-title":"Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199904000-00011","article-title":"Lengthening of the Achilles tendon in diabetic patients who are at high risk for ulceration of the foot","volume":"81","author":"Armstrong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.1.34","article-title":"Effect of Achilles tendon lengthening on ankle muscle performance in people with diabetes mellitus and a neuropathic plantar ulcer","volume":"85","author":"Salsich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0687","article-title":"Heel overload associated with heel cord insufficiency","volume":"28","author":"Chilvers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19960501-18","article-title":"Plantar forefoot ulceration with equinus deformity of the ankle in diabetic patients: the effect of tendo-Achilles lengthening and total contact casting","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib43","first-page":"43","article-title":"Impact of Achilles tendon lengthening (ATL) on the diabetic plantar forefoot ulceration","volume":"30","author":"Mohsen Allam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Egypt J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(96)00125-0","article-title":"Options for diabetic patients with chronic heel ulcers","volume":"11","author":"Cevera","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.452","article-title":"Achilles tendon lengthening, the panacea for plantar forefoot ulceration?","volume":"20","author":"Holstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib46","first-page":"491","article-title":"Vascular distribution in the Achilles tendon; an angiographic and microangiographic study","volume":"116","author":"Lagergren","year":"1959","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2009.12.003","article-title":"Functional outcome after percutaneous tendo-Achilles lengthening","volume":"17","author":"Stauff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib48","first-page":"419","article-title":"Subcutaneous tenotomy of the Achilles tendon","volume":"20","author":"Hodgen","year":"1938","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.7547\/0980414","article-title":"Mini-open technique for the Achilles tenotomy in correction of idiopathic clubfoot: a report of 25 cases","volume":"98","author":"Dogan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.7547\/0980216","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of Achilles tenotomy and achilloplasty techniques in young rats: an experimental study","volume":"99","author":"Dogan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00201","article-title":"Gait analysis of children treated for clubfoot with physical therapy or the Ponseti cast technique","volume":"90","author":"El-Hawary","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200407000-00002","article-title":"Bleeding complications following percutaneous tendoachilles tenotomy in the treatment of clubfoot deformity","volume":"24","author":"Dobbs","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181653b6f","article-title":"Pseudoaneurysm after Ponseti percutaneous Achilles tenotomy: a case report","volume":"28","author":"Burghardt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089184221200047X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089184221200047X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:55:01Z","timestamp":1760208901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S089184221200047X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S089184221200047X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-8422"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0891-8422"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gastrocnemius Recession or Tendo-Achilles Lengthening for Equinus Deformity in the Diabetic Foot?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}