{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T22:39:11Z","timestamp":1784500751911,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]],"date-time":"2014-09-30T23:18:52Z","timestamp":1412119132000},"page":"461-486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Open Fractures of the Foot and Ankle"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Scott E.","family":"Sexton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658040-00004","article-title":"Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analysis","volume":"58","author":"Gustilo","year":"1976","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198906000-00006","article-title":"Factors influencing infection rate in open fracture wounds","volume":"243","author":"Patzakis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200600001-00011","article-title":"Timing of debridement of open fractures","volume":"14","author":"Pollak","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200211000-00001","article-title":"Timing of closure of open fractures","volume":"10","author":"Weitz-Marshall","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456030-00010","article-title":"The role of antibiotics in the management of open fractures","volume":"56","author":"Patzakis","year":"1974","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B1.7822405","article-title":"Local antibiotic therapy for severe open fractures: a review of 1085 consecutive cases","volume":"77","author":"Ostermann","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200107000-00001","article-title":"Wound irrigation in musculoskeletal injury","volume":"9","author":"Anglen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199410000-00004","article-title":"The efficacy of various irrigation solutions in removing slime-producing staphylococcus","volume":"8","author":"Anglen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199911000-00002","article-title":"High and low pressure pulsatile lavage of contaminated tibial fractures: an in\u00a0vitro study of bacterial adherence and bone damage","volume":"13","author":"Bhandari","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib10","first-page":"288","article-title":"Die Aseptische Versorgung frischer Wunden","volume":"57","author":"Friedrich","year":"1898","journal-title":"Arch Klin Chir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199312000-00008","article-title":"Effect of time delay from injury to primary management on the incidence of deep infection after open fractures of the lower extremities caused by blunt trauma in adults","volume":"7","author":"Bednar","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib12","first-page":"949","article-title":"Outcomes in open tibia fractures: relationship between delay in treatment and infection","volume":"55","author":"Kathod","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1308\/003588404322827491","article-title":"The effect of time delay on infection in open long-bone fractures: a 5-year prospective audit from a district general hospital","volume":"86","author":"Spencer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2004.09.012","article-title":"Intramedullary nailing for open fractures of the femoral shaft: evaluation of contributing factors on deep infection and nonunion using multivariate analysis","volume":"36","author":"Noumi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib15","unstructured":"Pollak AN, Jones AL, et\u00a0al. Time to definitive treatment significantly influences incidence of infection after open high-energy lower-extremity trauma. Presented at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association. Salt Lake City (UT), October 9\u201311, 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198903000-00007","article-title":"Treatment of open ankle fractures: immediate internal fixation versus closed immobilization and delayed fixation","volume":"240","author":"Bray","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466090-00004","article-title":"Immediate internal fixation of open ankle fractures","volume":"66","author":"Franklin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib18","first-page":"25","article-title":"Treatment of open fractures: a prospective study","volume":"23","author":"Benson","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib19","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Aggressive treatment of 119 open fracture wounds","volume":"46","author":"Delong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456070-00012","article-title":"Gas gangrene in a metropolitan community","volume":"56","author":"Brown","year":"1974","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198609000-00001","article-title":"Early microsurgical reconstruction of complex trauma of the extremities","volume":"78","author":"Godina","year":"1986","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B7.0820959","article-title":"Fix and flap: the radical orthopaedic and plastic treatment of severe open fractures of the tibia","volume":"82","author":"Gopal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200408000-00003","article-title":"Talar neck fractures: results and outcomes","volume":"86","author":"Vallier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199505000-00002","article-title":"Major open injuries of the talus","volume":"9","author":"Marsh","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199507000-00015","article-title":"Severe open subtalar dislocations","volume":"77","author":"Goldner","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(92)90041-P","article-title":"Subtalar dislocations: long term followup of 39 cases","volume":"23","author":"Merchan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200412000-00021","article-title":"Total extrusion of the talus","volume":"86","author":"Assal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/01.btf.0000153684.65063.32","article-title":"Treatment protocol for the management of open intra-articular calcaneal fractures","volume":"4","author":"Early","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tech Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200401000-00001","article-title":"Wound healing complications in closed and open calcaneal fractures","volume":"18","author":"Benirschke","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1007\/s004020050289","article-title":"Follow-up evaluation of open intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus","volume":"117","author":"Siebert","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200404000-00002","article-title":"Open fractures of the calcaneus: a review of treatment and outcome","volume":"18","author":"Berry","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891842214000470?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891842214000470?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:55:53Z","timestamp":1760208953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0891842214000470"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0891842214000470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-8422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-8422","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Open Fractures of the Foot and Ankle","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.06.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}