{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:00:20Z","timestamp":1792789220078,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T23:16:04Z","timestamp":1484867764000},"page":"207-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Equinus and Lengthening Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Patrick A.","family":"DeHeer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-85-6-295","article-title":"Ankle equinus. Prevalence and linkage to common foot pathology","volume":"85","author":"Hill","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200206000-00010","article-title":"Isolated gastrocnemius tightness","volume":"84","author":"DiGiovanni","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.10.009","article-title":"Invasive in\u00a0vivo measurement of rear-, mid- and forefoot motion during walking","volume":"28","author":"Lundgren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.7547\/0960418","article-title":"Sagittal plane range of motion of the pediatric ankle joint","volume":"96","author":"Evans","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0005","article-title":"Association between plantar fasciitis and isolated contracture of the gastrocnemius","volume":"32","author":"Pate","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2010.0019","article-title":"Gastrocnemius recession to treat isolated foot pain","volume":"31","author":"Maskill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"7101","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7101.172","article-title":"Fortnightly review: plantar fasciitis","volume":"315","author":"Singh","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900111","article-title":"Functional biomechanical deficits in running athletes with plantar fasciitis","volume":"19","author":"Kibler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200305000-00015","article-title":"Risk factors for plantar fasciitis: a matched case-control study","volume":"85","author":"Riddle","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib10","unstructured":"Stotler W, Van Bergeyk A, Manoli A. Preliminary results of gastrocnemius recession in adults with nonspastic equinus contracture. In: American Orthopaedic Foot And Ankle Society 18th Annual Summer Meeting. Traverse City, MI, July 12\u201314, 2002."},{"issue":"09","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0843","article-title":"Chronic Achilles tendinopathy treated with eccentric stretching program","volume":"32","author":"Verrall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.001","article-title":"The gastrocnemius","volume":"19","author":"Amis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713488763","article-title":"Results of proximal medial gastrocnemius release for Achilles tendinopathy","volume":"34","author":"Gurdezi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700102","article-title":"Stage I and II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction treated by a structured nonoperative management protocol: an orthosis and exercise program","volume":"27","author":"Alvarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/00013611-200015030-00002","article-title":"Triceps surae contractures associated with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction","volume":"15","author":"Aronow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tech Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-79-4-159","article-title":"Gastrocnemius recession in the treatment of nonspastic ankle equinus. A retrospective study","volume":"79","author":"Downey","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-194830010-00013","article-title":"Hypermobile flatfoot with short tendo Achilles","volume":"30","author":"Harris","year":"1948","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"C","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib18","first-page":"797","article-title":"Muscle bound feet","volume":"17","author":"Hibbs","year":"1914","journal-title":"NY Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib19","first-page":"773","article-title":"An operation for the correction of extremely relaxed flat feet","volume":"13","author":"Hoke","year":"1931","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-65-9-849","article-title":"Tendo achillis lengthening and its effect on foot disorders","volume":"65","author":"Sgarlato","year":"1975","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465990270050701","article-title":"The effect of foot structure and range of motion on musculoskeletal overuse injuries","volume":"27","author":"Kaufman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(03)00085-1","article-title":"Overuse injuries: tendinopathies, stress fractures, compartment syndrome, and shin splints","volume":"23","author":"Wilder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658201000202","article-title":"The frequency of muscle tightness and injuries in soccer players","volume":"10","author":"Ekstrand","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199826060-00003","article-title":"Biomechanical risk factors for exercise-related lower limb injuries","volume":"26","author":"Neely","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198810000-00012","article-title":"Etiologic factors associated with selected running injuries","volume":"20","author":"Messier","year":"1988","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2003.005488","article-title":"Relation between running injury and static lower limb alignment in recreational runners","volume":"38","author":"Lun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B8.0821103","article-title":"Limited dorsiflexion predisposes to injuries of the ankle in children","volume":"82","author":"Tabrizi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199904000-00011","article-title":"Lengthening of the Achilles tendon in diabetic patients who are at high risk for ulceration of the foot","volume":"81","author":"Armstrong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-83-2-96","article-title":"Tendo Achillis procedures for chronic ulcerations in diabetic patients with transmetatarsal amputations","volume":"83","author":"Barry","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19960501-18","article-title":"Plantar forefoot ulceration with equinus deformity of the ankle in diabetic patients: the effect of tendo-Achilles lengthening and total contact casting","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200308000-00003","article-title":"Effect of Achilles tendon lengthening on neuropathic plantar ulcers. A randomized clinical trial","volume":"85","author":"Mueller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(02)00191-3","article-title":"Lengthening the Achilles tendon for the treatment of diabetic plantar forefoot ulceration","volume":"83","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079601700605","article-title":"Surgical reconstruction of the diabetic foot: a salvage approach for midfoot collapse","volume":"17","author":"Early","year":"1996","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199804000-00015","article-title":"Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle","volume":"349","author":"Schon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib35","series-title":"Functional reconstruction of the foot and ankle","author":"Hansen","year":"2000"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-61-11-423","article-title":"Equinus deformity as it affects the forefoot","volume":"61","author":"Subotnick","year":"1971","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-79-5-213","article-title":"Charcot foot","volume":"79","author":"Banks","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib38","series-title":"McGlamry's comprehensive textbook of foot and ankle surgery","author":"McGlamry","year":"2001"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(97)80072-5","article-title":"Electron microscopic investigation of the effects of diabetes mellitus on the Achilles tendon","volume":"36","author":"Grant","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-8422(23)00813-3","article-title":"Hallux valgus surgery. Morton and Lapidus were right","volume":"13","author":"Hansen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.004","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of gastrocnemius tightness","volume":"19","author":"Barouk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-69-1-40","article-title":"Ankle dorsiflexion at the heel-off phase of gait: a photokinegraphic study","volume":"69","author":"Jordan","year":"1979","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-92-9-479","article-title":"Ankle equinus deformity and its relationship to high plantar pressure in a large population with diabetes mellitus","volume":"92","author":"Lavery","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-66-10-768","article-title":"Correction of equinus-related forefoot deformities: a case report","volume":"66","author":"Green","year":"1976","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib45","series-title":"Normal and abnormal function of the foot","first-page":"165","author":"Root","year":"1977"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-69-3-211","article-title":"Analysis of selected alignment of the lower extremity related to the shin splint syndrome","volume":"69","author":"Lilletvedt","year":"1979","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(14)60376-7","article-title":"Effects of ankle dorsiflexion range and pre-exercise calf muscle stretching on injury risk in army recruits","volume":"44","author":"Pope","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aust J Physiother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199621010-00005","article-title":"Common injuries in runners","volume":"21","author":"Fredericson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2005.05.011","article-title":"Effects of an eight-week stretching program on the passive-elastic properties and function of the calf muscles of older women","volume":"20","author":"Gajdosik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.7547\/1010017","article-title":"Plantar pressures in children with and without Sever\u2019s disease","volume":"101","author":"Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-8422(23)00910-2","article-title":"Sever's disease and its relationship to equinus: a statistical analysis","volume":"7","author":"Szames","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078000100112","article-title":"Hallux valgus\u2013an acquired deformity of the foot in cerebral palsy","volume":"1","author":"Holstein","year":"1980","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0355","article-title":"Outcomes following midfoot arthrodesis for primary arthritis","volume":"32","author":"Nemec","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-199504010-00011","article-title":"Foot deformity and the length of the triceps surae in Danish children between 3 and 17 years old","volume":"4","author":"Reimers","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop B"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005","article-title":"The role of isolated gastrocnemius and combined Achilles contractures in the flatfoot","volume":"12","author":"DiGiovanni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2009.10.003","article-title":"Equinus deformity in the pediatric patient: causes, evaluation, and management","volume":"27","author":"Gourdine-Shaw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.7547\/0950018","article-title":"Gastrocnemius soleus recession","volume":"95","author":"Lamm","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801900103","article-title":"Effective treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis with dorsiflexion night splints: a crossover prospective randomized outcome study","volume":"19","author":"Powell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079101200301","article-title":"The use of night splints for treatment of recalcitrant plantar fasciitis","volume":"12","author":"Wapner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199607000-00004","article-title":"Plantar fasciitis: a prospective randomized clinical trial of the tension night splint","volume":"6","author":"Batt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2011.09.0181","article-title":"Effectiveness of adjustable dorsiflexion night splint in combination with accommodative foot orthosis on plantar fasciitis","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0014","article-title":"Proximal medial gastrocnemius release in the treatment of recalcitrant plantar fasciitis","volume":"33","author":"Abbassian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-2022-2","article-title":"Chronic plantar fasciitis: plantar fasciotomy versus gastrocnemius recession","volume":"37","author":"Monteagudo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.011","article-title":"The effect of the gastrocnemius on the plantar fascia","volume":"19","author":"Pascual Huerta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.005","article-title":"The effect of gastrocnemius tightness on the pathogenesis of juvenile hallux valgus","volume":"19","author":"Barouk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib66","first-page":"220","article-title":"The effectiveness of dorsiflexion night splint added to conservative treatment for plantar fasciitis","volume":"41","author":"Beyzadeoglu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.006","article-title":"Functional hallux rigidus and the Achilles-calcaneus-plantar system","volume":"19","author":"Maceira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010","article-title":"Gastrocnemius shortening and heel pain","volume":"19","author":"Solan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300706","article-title":"The effects of duration and frequency of Achilles tendon stretching on dorsiflexion and outcome in painful heel syndrome: a randomized, blinded, control study","volume":"23","author":"Porter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100712459173","article-title":"Relationship between tightness of the posterior muscles of the lower limb and plantar fasciitis","volume":"34","author":"Bol\u00edvar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.7547\/1000161","article-title":"Plantar fasciopathy treated with dynamic splinting","volume":"100","author":"Sheridan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0507","article-title":"Preferred management of recalcitrant plantar fasciitis among orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons","volume":"33","author":"DiGiovanni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401501002","article-title":"Painful heel syndrome: results of nonoperative treatment","volume":"15","author":"Davis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640010397341","article-title":"The role of hamstring tightness in plantar fasciitis","volume":"4","author":"Labovitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0815","article-title":"The influence of foot position on stretching of the plantar fascia","volume":"28","author":"Flanigan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713477620","article-title":"Gastrocnemius recession for chronic noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy","volume":"34","author":"Kiewiet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714534215","article-title":"Endoscopic gastrocnemius recession for the treatment of isolated gastrocnemius contracture: a prospective study on 320 consecutive patients","volume":"35","author":"Phisitkul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2009.08.002","article-title":"Achilles lengthening procedures","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2014.04.013","article-title":"Increased range of motion after static stretching is not due to changes in muscle and tendon structures","volume":"29","author":"Konrad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2008.2843","article-title":"The time course of musculotendinous stiffness responses following different durations of passive stretching","volume":"38","author":"Ryan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000247004.40212.f7","article-title":"Effect of static and ballistic stretching on the muscle-tendon tissue properties","volume":"39","author":"Mahieu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10549","article-title":"Effect of static stretch training on neural and mechanical properties of the human plantar-flexor muscles","volume":"29","author":"Guissard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-2250-3","article-title":"Effects of a 4-week static stretch training program on passive stiffness of human gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit in\u00a0vivo","volume":"112","author":"Nakamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2011.09.001","article-title":"The effect of calf muscle stretching exercises on ankle joint dorsiflexion and dynamic foot pressures, force and related temporal parameters","volume":"22","author":"Macklin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700108","article-title":"The effect of triceps surae contracture force on plantar foot pressure distribution","volume":"27","author":"Aronow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-92-9-483","article-title":"The effects of range-of-motion therapy on the plantar pressures of patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"92","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713513433","article-title":"The effect of subtalar joint position on dorsiflexion of the ankle\/rearfoot versus midfoot\/forefoot during gastrocnemius stretching","volume":"35","author":"Johanson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.10.1004","article-title":"Balance and ankle range of motion in community-dwelling women aged 64 to 87 years: a correlational study","volume":"80","author":"Mecagni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1519\/00139143-200708000-00003","article-title":"Effect of a static calf muscle-tendon unit stretching program on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion of older women","volume":"30","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Geriatr Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib90","first-page":"65","article-title":"Changes in skeletal muscle with aging","volume":"21","author":"Rogers Mevans","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1080\/pri.20.2.118.122","article-title":"Incidence and costs of falls and fall injuries among elderly in institutional care","volume":"20","author":"Nurmi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand J Prim Health Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib92","first-page":"2159","article-title":"Falls in the elderly","volume":"61","author":"Fuller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/79.9.827","article-title":"Influence of age on length and passive elastic stiffness characteristics of the calf muscle-tendon unit of women","volume":"79","author":"Gadjosik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.029348","article-title":"Does stretching increase ankle dorsiflexion range of motion? A systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Radford","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib95","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of five minute stretch on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion","volume":"6","author":"Bohannon","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/81.6.1206","article-title":"Effect of superficial heat, deep heat, and active exercise warm-up on the extensibility of the plantar flexors","volume":"81","author":"Knight","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib97","first-page":"43","article-title":"Pulsed shortwave diathermy and prolonged long-duration stretching increase dorsiflexion range of motion more than identical stretching without diathermy","volume":"37","author":"Peres","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Athl Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib98","first-page":"80","article-title":"Effects of a 3-minute standing stretch on ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion","volume":"2","author":"Pratt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trial"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-91-7-356","article-title":"Podiatric medical applications of posterior night stretch splinting","volume":"91","author":"Evans","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(02)80018-7","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective study of standing gastrocnemius-soleus stretching versus night splinting in the treatment of plantar fasciitis","volume":"41","author":"Barry","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2011.10.010","article-title":"Design and validation of a dynamic stretch splint for plantar fasciitis","volume":"34","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700807","article-title":"Foot orthoses for the treatment of plantar fasciitis","volume":"27","author":"Roos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91476.2008","article-title":"Moderate-duration static stretch reduces active and passive plantar flexor moment but not Achilles tendon stiffness or active muscle length","volume":"106","author":"Kay","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib104","first-page":"465","article-title":"Effects of stretching the gastrocnemius muscle","volume":"30","author":"Grady","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib105","first-page":"1470","article-title":"The effect of calf stretching box on stretching calf muscle compliance: a prospective, randomized single-blinded controlled trial","volume":"93","author":"Chadchavalpanichaya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2003.33.7.408","article-title":"The effect of static stretching of the calf muscle-tendon unit on active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion","volume":"33","author":"Youdas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1997.26.4.214","article-title":"Lasting effects of one bout of two 15-second passive stretches on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion","volume":"26","author":"Zito","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-6-46","article-title":"Interventions for increasing ankle joint dorsiflexion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Young","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20021101-20","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective trial of night splinting in the treatment of recalcitrant plantar fasciitis: the Ankle Dorsiflexion Dynasplint","volume":"25","author":"Berlet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib110","first-page":"255","article-title":"Optimal pennation angle of the primary ankle plantar and dorsiflexors: variations with sex, contraction intensity, and limb","volume":"22","author":"Manal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90577.2008","article-title":"The relative lengthening of the myotendinous structures in the medial gastrocnemius during passive stretching differs among individuals","volume":"106","author":"Abellaneda","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib112","series-title":"Joint structure and function: a comprehensive analysis","author":"Levangie","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-196602000-00002","article-title":"Comparison of free and fast speed walking patterns of normal men","volume":"45","author":"Murray","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/00008526-200206000-00011","article-title":"Compensatory midfoot dorsiflexion in the individual with heelcord tightness: implications for orthotic device designs","volume":"14","author":"Karas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prosthetics Orthotics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib115","first-page":"369","article-title":"The effects of sex, joint angle, and the gastrocnemius muscle on passive ankle joint complex stiffness\/commentary\/author's response","volume":"36","author":"Riemann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Athl Train"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2005.01.003","article-title":"Biomechanics of the first ray part V: the effect of equinus deformity","volume":"44","author":"Johnson Christensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib117","series-title":"The ankle and foot complex joint structure & function","first-page":"437","author":"Mueller","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1644565","article-title":"3-D anatomically based dynamic modeling of the human knee to include tibio-femoral and patello-femoral joints","volume":"126","author":"Caruntu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.05.033","article-title":"Cruciate coupling and screw-home mechanism in passive knee joint during extension\u2013flexion","volume":"38","author":"Moglo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.7547\/1020084","article-title":"Prevalence of equinus in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients","volume":"102","author":"Frykberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.4.942","article-title":"The role of limited joint mobility in diabetic patients with an at-risk foot","volume":"27","author":"Zimny","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.04.005","article-title":"Gastrocnemius recession or tendo-Achilles lengthening for equinus deformity in the diabetic foot?","volume":"29","author":"Greenhagen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.7547\/0950464","article-title":"Equinus deformity as a factor in forefoot nerve entrapment","volume":"95","author":"Barrett","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2010.0377","article-title":"Function and strength following gastrocnemius recession for isolated gastrocnemius contracture","volume":"31","author":"Chimera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2012.06.010","article-title":"The effect of isolated gastrocnemius contracture and gastrocnemius recession on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during stance","volume":"27","author":"Chimera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300105","article-title":"The effect on ankle dorsiflexion of gastrocnemius recession","volume":"23","author":"Pinney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0375","article-title":"Noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy treated with gastrocnemius lengthening","volume":"32","author":"Duthon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0620","article-title":"Gastrocnemius recession as treatment for refractory Achilles tendinopathy: a case report","volume":"29","author":"Gentchos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20110228-16","article-title":"Achilles tendon pain treated with gastrocnemius-soleus recession","volume":"34","author":"Laborde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B4.21598","article-title":"Chronic diabetic ulcers under the first metatarsal head treated by staged tendon balancing: a prospective cohort study","volume":"91","author":"Dayer Rassal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2004.11.001","article-title":"Salvage of the neuropathic foot by using bone resection and tendon balancing: a retrospective review of 10 patients","volume":"44","author":"Hamilton","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0378","article-title":"Neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcers treated with tendon lengthenings","volume":"29","author":"Laborde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.0842","article-title":"Midfoot ulcers treated with gastrocnemius-soleus recession","volume":"30","author":"Laborde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2015.02.001","article-title":"Gastrocnemius recession for foot and ankle conditions in adults: evidence-based recommendations","volume":"21","author":"Cychosz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716640612","article-title":"Gastrocnemius proximal release in the treatment of mechanical metatarsalgia: a prospective study of 78 cases","volume":"37","author":"Morales-Munoz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716638128","article-title":"Ankle power and endurance outcomes following isolated gastrocnemius recession for Achilles tendinopathy","volume":"37","author":"Nawoczenski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715588994","article-title":"Mid-term results of intramuscular lengthening of gastrocnemius and\/or soleus to correct equinus deformity in flatfoot","volume":"36","author":"Rong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.01424","article-title":"Isolated gastrocnemius recession for Achilles tendinopathy: strength and functional outcomes","volume":"97","author":"Nawoczenski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640014557077","article-title":"Isolated gastrocnemius recession for treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Tallerico","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-012-9115-1","article-title":"Endoscopic surgery of the Achilles tendon","volume":"5","author":"Phisitkul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700705","article-title":"The effects of unilateral gastrocsoleus recession","volume":"27","author":"Sammarco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/68.5.672","article-title":"Goniometric reliability in a clinical setting subtalar and ankle joint measurements","volume":"68","author":"Elveru","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-92-6-317","article-title":"Reliability and accuracy of biomechanical measurements of the lower extremities","volume":"92","author":"Van Gheluwe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.7547\/0950564","article-title":"Reliability of ankle goniometric measurements","volume":"95","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"316","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199507000-00022","article-title":"Dynamic support of the human longitudinal arch","author":"Thordarson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib146","series-title":"Diseases and deformities of the foot","author":"Nutt","year":"1913"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700604","article-title":"Surgical anatomy and accuracy of percutaneous Achilles tendon lengthening","volume":"27","author":"Salamon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.452","article-title":"Achilles tendon lengthening, the panacea for plantar forefoot ulceration?","volume":"20","author":"Holstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0687","article-title":"Heel overload associated with heel cord insufficiency","volume":"28","author":"Chilvers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2014.07.004","article-title":"Results after gastrocnemius recession in 73 patients","volume":"20","author":"Molund","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02514828","article-title":"Ventrale aponeurotische Verl\u00e4ngerung des Musculus gastrocnemius","volume":"1","author":"Baumann","year":"1989","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02620368","article-title":"Lengthening of the anterior aponeurosis of musculus gastrocnemius through multiple incisions","volume":"1","author":"Baumann","year":"1992","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.1154","article-title":"Isolated recession of the gastrocnemius muscle: the Baumann procedure","volume":"28","author":"Herzenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B4.0820535","article-title":"The Baumann procedure for fixed contracture of the gastrosoleus in cerebral palsy","volume":"82","author":"Saraph","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib155","first-page":"1143","article-title":"The Baumann procedure to correct equinus gait in children with diplegic cerebral palsy: long-term results","volume":"94B","author":"Svehl\u00edk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.01542","article-title":"Multilevel surgery for equinus gait in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy","volume":"95","author":"Firth","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00096","article-title":"Long-term results after gastrocnemius-soleus intramuscular aponeurotic recession as a part of multilevel surgery in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy","volume":"94","author":"Dreher","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1097\/BCO.0b013e31819ba163","article-title":"The treatment of fixed contracture of the gastrosoleus in cerebral palsy using the Baumann procedure: preliminary results of a prospective study","volume":"20","author":"El-Adwar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Orthop Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"xv","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.09.002","article-title":"Introduction to gastrocnemius tightness","volume":"19","author":"Barouk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891842216301252?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891842216301252?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:57:49Z","timestamp":1760209069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0891842216301252"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":159,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0891842216301252"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-8422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-8422","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Equinus and Lengthening Techniques","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}