{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:02:02Z","timestamp":1790420522871,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,29]],"date-time":"2017-01-29T00:45:20Z","timestamp":1485650720000},"page":"229-243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Merrell","family":"Kauwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514540599","article-title":"Acute Achilles tendon ruptures: incidence of injury and surgery in Sweden between 2001 and 2012","volume":"42","author":"Huttunen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12253","article-title":"Epidemiology of Achilles tendon ruptures: increasing incidence over a 33-year period","volume":"25","author":"Lantto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199907000-00007","article-title":"Changing incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in Scotland: a 15-year study","volume":"9","author":"Maffulli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1177\/145749690809700312","article-title":"The increasing incidence and difference in sex distribution of Achilles tendon rupture in Finland in 1987\u20131999","volume":"97","author":"Nyyssonen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713477621","article-title":"Achilles tendon injuries in a United States population","volume":"34","author":"Raikin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-013-0251-6","article-title":"The ruptured Achilles tendon: a current overview from biology of rupture to treatment","volume":"9","author":"Thevendran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100606","article-title":"Operative versus nonoperative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture. A prospective randomized study and review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Cetti","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib8","first-page":"2202","article-title":"Treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials","volume":"87","author":"Khan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaen.2003.11.004","article-title":"Achilles tendon rupture: surgical versus nonsurgical treatment","volume":"12","author":"Lynch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Accid Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B6.0830843","article-title":"Acute rupture of tendon Achillis: a prospective randomised study of comparison between surgical and nonsurgical treatment","volume":"83","author":"Moller","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(00)00195-9","article-title":"Dynamised cast management of Achilles tendon ruptures","volume":"32","author":"Roberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(93)90155-Y","article-title":"Early mobilisation after operative repair of ruptured Achilles tendon","volume":"24","author":"Saw","year":"1993","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300041701","article-title":"Quantitative review of operative and nonoperative management of Achilles tendon ruptures","volume":"30","author":"Wong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.93B8.25998","article-title":"Operative versus non-operative treatment of acute rupture of tendo Achillis: a prospective randomised evaluation of functional outcome","volume":"93","author":"Keating","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510376052","article-title":"Acute Achilles tendon rupture: a randomized, controlled study comparing surgical and nonsurgical treatments using validated outcome measures","volume":"38","author":"Nilsson-Helander","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512453293","article-title":"Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture: a meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"40","author":"Soroceanu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507307503","article-title":"Early motion for Achilles tendon ruptures: is surgery important? A randomized, prospective study","volume":"35","author":"Twaddle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01401","article-title":"Operative versus nonoperative treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: a multicenter randomized trial using accelerated functional rehabilitation","volume":"92","author":"Willits","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(98)00147-8","article-title":"The epidemiology of Achilles tendon rupture in a Danish county","volume":"29","author":"Houshian","year":"1998","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.01.013","article-title":"Achilles tendon disorders: etiology and epidemiology","volume":"10","author":"Jarvinen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679608994688","article-title":"Incidence of achilles tendon rupture","volume":"67","author":"Leppilahti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(96)00200-8","article-title":"The incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in Copenhagen","volume":"28","author":"Levi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502601106","article-title":"The incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures in Edmonton, Canada","volume":"26","author":"Suchak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.01.003","article-title":"Acute rupture of the Achilles tendon","volume":"10","author":"Movin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679608996672","article-title":"Increasing incidence of Achilles tendon rupture","volume":"67","author":"Moller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677608998983","article-title":"The incidence of Achilles tendon rupture","volume":"47","author":"Nillius","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2005.08.166","article-title":"Complete rupture of large tendons: risk factors, signs, and definitive treatment","volume":"33","author":"Flik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib28","first-page":"484","article-title":"Histological changes in subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon. A study of 74 cases","volume":"116","author":"Arner","year":"1959","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)30506-8","article-title":"Biomechanical loading of Achilles tendon during normal locomotion","volume":"11","author":"Komi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677108989070","article-title":"Experimental rupture of the Achilles tendon. Comparison of various types of experimental rupture in rats","volume":"42","author":"Barfred","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198105000-00021","article-title":"Surgical repair of ruptures of the tendo Achilles","volume":"156","author":"Inglis","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100160511","article-title":"Blood supply of the Achilles tendon","volume":"16","author":"Ahmed","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007435025616","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro study of cytotoxicity of quinolones on rabbit tenocytes","volume":"14","author":"Bernard-Beaubois","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Biol Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1193-2","article-title":"Marked pathological changes proximal and distal to the site of rupture in acute Achilles tendon ruptures","volume":"19","author":"Maffulli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280040901","article-title":"Tenocytes from ruptured and tendinopathic Achilles tendons produce greater quantities of type III collagen than tenocytes from normal Achilles tendons. An in\u00a0vitro model of human tendon healing","volume":"28","author":"Maffulli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0945-053X(02)00011-2","article-title":"Collagen fibril size and crimp morphology in ruptured and intact Achilles tendons","volume":"21","author":"Magnusson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200112000-00002","article-title":"Ruptured Achilles tendons are significantly more degenerated than tendinopathic tendons","volume":"33","author":"Tallon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)90262-3","article-title":"Exercise-induced hyperthermia as a possible mechanism for tendon degeneration","volume":"27","author":"Wilson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-004-0574-z","article-title":"The effects of enrofloxacin on decorin and glycosaminoglycans in avian tendon cell cultures","volume":"78","author":"Yoon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.54B4.729","article-title":"The effect of injection of injection of hydrocortisone into rabbit calcaneal tendons","volume":"54","author":"Balasubramaniam","year":"1972","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500101","article-title":"Surgical repair of Achilles tendon ruptures","volume":"15","author":"Beskin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200404000-00020","article-title":"Fluoroscopically guided corticosteroid injection for Achilles tendinopathy","volume":"86-A","author":"Gill","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200629100-00006","article-title":"Evidence of tendinitis provoked by fluoroquinolone treatment: a case-control study","volume":"29","author":"Corrao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.6.678-a","article-title":"Role of steroids in tendon rupture or disintegration known for decades","volume":"164","author":"Fisher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib45","first-page":"75","article-title":"Features of tendon disorders with fluoroquinolones","volume":"49","author":"Royer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.15.1801","article-title":"Increased risk of Achilles tendon rupture with quinolone antibacterial use, especially in elderly patients taking oral corticosteroids","volume":"163","author":"Van der Linden","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228.e23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.05.027","article-title":"Impact of age, sex, obesity, and steroid use on quinolone-associated tendon disorders","volume":"125","author":"Wise","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0200-z","article-title":"Predictors of primary Achilles tendon ruptures","volume":"44","author":"Claessen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079101200207","article-title":"Human Achilles tendon: morphological and morphometric variations as a function of age","volume":"12","author":"Strocchi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199825020-00002","article-title":"Total Achilles tendon rupture. A review","volume":"25","author":"Leppilahti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib51","first-page":"267","article-title":"Commonly missed orthopedic problems","volume":"57","author":"Ballas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658070-00015","article-title":"Ruptures of the tendo Achillis. An objective assessment of surgical and non-surgical treatment","volume":"58","author":"Inglis","year":"1976","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658901700305","article-title":"The role of recreational sport activity in Achilles tendon rupture. A clinical, pathoanatomical, and sociological study of 292 cases","volume":"17","author":"Jozsa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib54","first-page":"50","article-title":"Rupture of the Achilles tendon. Analysis of 57 cases","volume":"106","author":"Christensen","year":"1953","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260021801","article-title":"The clinical diagnosis of subcutaneous tear of the Achilles tendon","volume":"26","author":"Maffulli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib56","first-page":"56","article-title":"The diagnosis of the ruptured Achilles tendon","volume":"179","author":"Simmonds","year":"1957","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3109\/17453676208989608","article-title":"A\u00a0test for rupture of the tendo Achillis","volume":"32","author":"Thompson","year":"1962","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib58","first-page":"126","article-title":"Spontaneous rupture of Achilles: a new clinical diagnostic test","volume":"2","author":"Thompson","year":"1962","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.74B2.1544978","article-title":"How the Simmonds-Thompson test works","volume":"74","author":"Scott","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib60","first-page":"48","article-title":"Rupture of the tendo Achilles. Another diagnostic sign","volume":"36","author":"Matles","year":"1975","journal-title":"Bull Hosp Joint Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib61","first-page":"270","article-title":"Rupture of the Achilles tendon: a new clinical test","volume":"72","author":"Copeland","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466070-00018","article-title":"The needle test for complete rupture of the Achilles tendon","volume":"66A","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.36","article-title":"The utility of clinical measures for the diagnosis of Achilles tendon injuries: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Reiman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Athl Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib64","unstructured":"American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. The diagnosis and treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture: guideline and evidence report. 2009. Available at: http:\/\/www.aaos.org\/research\/guidelines\/ATRguid eli. Accessed May 20, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2355-y","article-title":"MRI is unnecessary for diagnosing acute Achilles tendon ruptures","volume":"470","author":"Garras","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib66","first-page":"209","article-title":"Subkutane ruptur der Achillesschne (diagnostik und behandlungsergebnisse)","volume":"14","author":"Toygar","year":"1947","journal-title":"Helv Chir Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib67","first-page":"225","article-title":"Results with high-definition sonography in the evaluation of Achilles tendon conditions","volume":"10","author":"Barbolini","year":"1988","journal-title":"It J Sports Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.159.3.3517959","article-title":"Achilles tendon: US examination","volume":"159","author":"Fornage","year":"1986","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib69","first-page":"365","article-title":"Ultrasonographic findings in subcutaneous rupture of Achilles tendon","volume":"29","author":"Maffulli","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W173","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3111","article-title":"Achilles tendon ultrasound technique","volume":"193","author":"Dong","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2013.02.009","article-title":"Acute Achilles tendon rupture in athletes","volume":"18","author":"Longo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin N Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310050901","article-title":"Nonoperative treatment of the acute rupture of the Achilles tendon","volume":"31","author":"Weber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.175.3.1750613","article-title":"Imaging of disorders of the Achilles tendon","volume":"175","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib74","first-page":"288","article-title":"Prospective trial of conservative and surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture","volume":"63B","author":"Coombs","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B1.16549","article-title":"Randomised controlled trials of immediate weight bearing mobilisation for rupture of the tendo Achillis","volume":"88","author":"Costa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib76","first-page":"670","article-title":"Achilles tendon rupture. A prospective study assessing various treatment possibilities","volume":"29","author":"Majewski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508319312","article-title":"Acute Achilles tendon rupture: minimally invasive surgery versus nonoperative treatment with immediate full weightbearing\u2014a randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Metz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163030-00012","article-title":"Surgical and non-surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture. A prospective randomized study","volume":"63","author":"Nistor","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib79","first-page":"1228","article-title":"Treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: open vs. percutaneous repair vs. conservative treatment. A Prospective Randomized Study","volume":"21","author":"Schroeder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Orthop Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib80","first-page":"21","article-title":"Functional treatment concept of acute rupture of the Achilles tendon. 2 years results of a prospective randomized study","volume":"98","author":"Thermann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"issue":"400","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200207000-00024","article-title":"Treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: a systematic overview and metaanalysis","author":"Bhandari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib82","article-title":"Surgical interventions for treating acute Achilles tendon ruptures","author":"Khan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512453293","article-title":"Operative versus nonoperative management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: a quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"40","author":"Wilkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1431-3","article-title":"Operative versus nonoperative treatment for acute Achilles tendon rupture: a meta-analysis based on current evidence","volume":"36","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib85","first-page":"4050","article-title":"Outcomes and complications of operative versus non-operative treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture: a meta-analysis","volume":"124","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2013.03.027","article-title":"Rerupture rate after early weightbearing in operative versus conservative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures: a meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"van der Eng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-007-0398-6","article-title":"Stimulation of tendon repair: mechanical loading, GDFs and platelets. A mini-review","volume":"31","author":"Aspenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(89)80044-4","article-title":"The physiological basis for application of controlled stress in the rehabilitation of flexor tendon injuries","volume":"2","author":"Gelberman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2003.11.005","article-title":"Biomechanics of tendon injury and repair","volume":"37","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib90","first-page":"662","article-title":"Mechanical effects of immobilization on the Achilles tendon","volume":"84","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1197\/j.jht.2005.01.013","article-title":"The scientific basis for advances in flexor tendon surgery","volume":"18","author":"Strickland","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01500.2012","article-title":"Primary gene response to mechanical loading in healing rat Achilles tendons","volume":"114","author":"Eliasson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001951","article-title":"Surgical versus conservative intervention for acute Achilles tendon rupture: a PRISMA-Compliant systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses","volume":"94","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2015.06.001","article-title":"Acute Achilles tendon ruptures: does surgery offer superior results (and other confusion issues)","volume":"34","author":"Cooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B4.35314","article-title":"The treatment of a rupture of the Achilles tendon using a dedicated management programme","volume":"97","author":"Hutchison","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515623501","article-title":"Prospective use of a standardized nonoperative early weightbearing protocol for Achilles tendon rupture, 17 years of experience","volume":"44","author":"Ecker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.01273","article-title":"Nonoperative dynamic treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture: the influence of early weight-bearing on clinical outcome","volume":"96","author":"Barfod","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514531014","article-title":"Rehabilitation after surgical treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.06.022","article-title":"Accelerated rehabilitation following Achilles tendon repair after acute rupture\u2013development of an evidence based treatment protocol","volume":"45","author":"Brumann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Injury"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891842216301264?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891842216301264?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:58:03Z","timestamp":1760209083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0891842216301264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0891842216301264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-8422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-8422","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpm.2016.10.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}