{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T20:32:07Z","timestamp":1776025927973,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T18:58:52Z","timestamp":1725389932000},"page":"745-758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Islam","family":"Zaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William B.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2233011279","article-title":"MR image analysis of pedal osteomyelitis: Distribution, patterns of spread, and frequency of associated ulceration and septic arthritis","volume":"223","author":"Ledermann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90894-1","article-title":"Osteomyelitis in the feet of diabetic patients. Long-term results, prognostic factors, and the role of antimicrobial and surgical therapy","volume":"83","author":"Bamberger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"6B","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90386-9","article-title":"Risk factors for osteomyelitis","volume":"78","author":"Wald","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib4","article-title":"The diabetic foot: a global view","volume":"16","author":"Schaper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.1.157","article-title":"Causal pathways for incident lower-extremity ulcers in patients with diabetes from two settings","volume":"22","author":"Reiber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0491-1","article-title":"High prevalence of ischaemia, infection and serious comorbidity in patients with diabetic foot disease in Europe. Baseline results from the Eurodiale study","volume":"50","author":"Prompers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13537","article-title":"Prognosis of the infected diabetic foot ulcer: a 12-month prospective observational study","volume":"35","author":"Ndosi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(20)30354-8","article-title":"The Diabetic Foot: Soft Tissue and Bone Infection","volume":"4","author":"Ward","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(03)00163-5","article-title":"MR imaging of the diabetic foot","volume":"42","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2243011231","article-title":"Pedal abscesses in patients suspected of having pedal osteomyelitis: Analysis with MR imaging","volume":"224","author":"Ledermann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100712467436","article-title":"Influence of osteomyelitis location in the foot of diabetic patients with transtibial amputation","volume":"34","author":"Faglia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1177\/10711007221088552","article-title":"Foot Osteomyelitis Location and Rates of Primary or Secondary Major Amputations in Patients With Diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Winkler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib13","article-title":"Management of Osteomyelitis","volume":"8","author":"Moon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"1 SUPPL. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(03)00292-7","article-title":"Surgical management of chronic osteomyelitis","volume":"188","author":"Parsons","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib15","first-page":"3041","article-title":"Osteomyelitis","volume":"13","author":"Allende","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine (Spain)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.182.1.1820119","article-title":"MRI Findings of Septic Arthritis and Associated Osteomyelitis in Adults","volume":"182","author":"Karchevsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib17","first-page":"139","article-title":"Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis","volume":"43","author":"Cook","year":"2015","journal-title":"undefined"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.04.06.dc05-2450","article-title":"Probing the validity of the probe-to-bone test in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetes [1]","volume":"29","author":"Shone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.207.3.9609883","article-title":"Osteomyelitis of the foot: relative importance of primary and secondary MR imaging signs","volume":"207","author":"Morrison","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2009.07.001","article-title":"Osteomyelitis","volume":"56","author":"Chihara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v8.i4.135","article-title":"Osteomyelitis in diabetic foot: A comprehensive overview","volume":"8","author":"Giurato","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.178.1.1780215","article-title":"Nonenhancing Tissue on MR Imaging of Pedal Infection","volume":"178","author":"Ledermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-921945","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of pedal osteomyelitis and diabetic neuroarthropathy: MR Imaging","volume":"9","author":"Ledermann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Muscoskel Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.16.6.8946539","article-title":"MR Imaging of Osteomyelitis and Neuropathic Osteoarthropathy in the Feet of Diabetics","volume":"16","author":"Marcus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib25","first-page":"869","article-title":"Probing to Bone in Infected Pedal Ulcers","volume":"274","author":"Nardone","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03283.x","article-title":"Inter-observer reproducibility of probing to bone in the diagnosis of diabetic foot osteomyelitis","volume":"28","author":"Garc\u00eda Morales","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-020-03396-x","article-title":"Predicting osteomyelitis in patients whose initial MRI demonstrated bone marrow edema without corresponding T1 signal marrow replacement","volume":"49","author":"Sax","year":"2020","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(96)80075-5","article-title":"Leukocytosis is a poor indicator of acute osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetes mellitus","volume":"35","author":"Armstrong","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2008.09.003","article-title":"Combined clinical and laboratory testing improves diagnostic accuracy for osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot","volume":"48","author":"Fleischer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib30","unstructured":"The diagnosis of diabetic foot osteomyelitis: examination findings and laboratory values - PubMed. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19478702\/. Accessed September 27, 2022."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2005.00538.x","article-title":"Acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children","volume":"41","author":"Goergens","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib32","series-title":"Medical and Surgical Management","first-page":"346","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2382041393","article-title":"Neuropathic arthropathy of the foot with and without superimposed osteomyelitis: MR imaging characteristics","volume":"238","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1376","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of T1-weighted MRI characteristics in evaluation of osteomyelitis of the foot","volume":"192","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.157.2.1853823","article-title":"Bacterial osteomyelitis: findings on plain radiography, CT, MR, and scintigraphy","volume":"157","author":"Gold","year":"1991","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(89)90184-0","article-title":"Value of radiographs and bone scans in determining the need for therapy in diabetic patients with foot ulcers","volume":"158","author":"Shults","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.152.4.795","article-title":"Osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetic patients: evaluation with plain film, 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy, and MR imaging","volume":"152","author":"Yuh","year":"1989","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.152.4.795","article-title":"Osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetic patients: Evaluation with pain film, 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy, and MR imaging","volume":"152","author":"Yuh","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1086\/590011","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the physical examination and imaging tests for osteomyelitis underlying diabetic foot ulcers: Meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Dinh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03470090080036","article-title":"Unsuspected osteomyelitis in diabetic foot ulcers. Diagnosis and monitoring by leukocyte scanning with indium in 111 oxyquinoline","volume":"266","author":"Newman","year":"1991","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2016.04.01","article-title":"The imaging of osteomyelitis","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quant Imag Med Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-43232","article-title":"Imaging of neuropathic arthropathy","volume":"7","author":"Aliabadi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Muscoskel Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.174.1.2294554","article-title":"Acute experimental osteomyelitis and abscesses: detection with MR imaging versus CT","volume":"174","author":"Chandnani","year":"1990","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1214160","article-title":"Radiographic Imaging in Osteomyelitis: The Role of Plain Radiography, Computed Tomography, Ultrasonography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Scintigraphy","volume":"23","author":"Pineda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-021-03807-7","article-title":"MRI nomenclature for musculoskeletal infection","volume":"50","author":"Alaia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005","article-title":"MR Imaging of the Diabetic Foot","volume":"25","author":"McCarthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imag Clin N Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2006.07.016","article-title":"Acute osteomyelitis, septic arthritis and discitis: differences between neonates and older children","volume":"60","author":"Offiah","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1053\/jfas.2003.0420001","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of pedal osteomyelitis in diabetics with a technetium-99m-labeled monoclonal antigranulocyte antibody","volume":"42","author":"Palestro","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.158.1.1727365","article-title":"The scintigraphic diagnosis of osteomyelitis","volume":"158","author":"Schauwecker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.08.006","article-title":"Nuclear Medicine and Diabetic Foot Infections","volume":"39","author":"Palestro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(97)80117-2","article-title":"Technetium-99-labeled leukocytes in diagnosing diabetic osteomyelitis in the foot","volume":"36","author":"Harvey","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2016.01.003","article-title":"Nuclear medicine imaging of bone infections","volume":"71","author":"Love","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib53","first-page":"397","article-title":"Role of Nuclear Medicine in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal infection: a review","volume":"38","author":"Noriega-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Espa\u00f1ola Med Nucl Imagen Mol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-004-0051-3","article-title":"Is this bone infected or not? Differentiating neuro-osteoarthropathy from osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot","volume":"4","author":"Berendt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rep"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089184222400051X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089184222400051X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T06:08:20Z","timestamp":1725430100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S089184222400051X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S089184222400051X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-8422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-8422","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpm.2024.04.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}