{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T22:06:31Z","timestamp":1779919591204,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T21:34:57Z","timestamp":1779917697000},"page":"459-474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joint Instability"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5404-2132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Baumfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9286-1750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caio","family":"Nery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1764388","article-title":"Differential Diagnosis of Metatarsalgia","volume":"27","author":"Afonso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1053\/j.otsm.2014.09.005","article-title":"Evaluation and Treatment of Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joint Instability: The Repair of Plantar Plate Insufficiency Through a Dorsal Approach","volume":"22","author":"Doty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Operat Tech Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-92-4-182","article-title":"Predislocation syndrome. Progressive subluxation\/dislocation of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint","volume":"92","author":"Yu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(01)80021-1","article-title":"Predislocation syndrome: A review and retrospective analysis of eight patients","volume":"40","author":"Mendicino","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2011.09.1929","article-title":"Second MTP joint instability: grading of the deformity and description of surgical repair of capsular insufficiency","volume":"39","author":"Coughlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501600804","article-title":"Anatomy of the Plantar Plate and Its Attachments in the Lesser Metatarsal Phalangeal Joint","volume":"16","author":"Deland","year":"1995","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199505000-00006","article-title":"Disorders of the Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joints","volume":"3","author":"Mizel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2023.09.003","article-title":"SURGICAL TREATMENT OF METATARSALGIA AND SEVERE INSTABILITY OF LESSER METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINTS","volume":"63","author":"Bobrov","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/10711007221140043","article-title":"Proximal Plantar Plate of Lesser Toe Metatarsophalangeal Joint Vascular Supply","volume":"44","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mporth.2022.11.004","article-title":"Plantar plate rupture: aetiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"37","author":"Jha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthopaedics and Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1581114","article-title":"Etiology, Clinical Assessment, and Surgical Repair of Plantar Plate Tears","volume":"20","author":"Nery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-015-0318-1","article-title":"Plantar plate radiofrequency and Weil osteotomy for subtle metatarsophalangeal joint instablity","volume":"10","author":"Nery","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbo.2014.05.006","article-title":"How to classify plantar plate injuries: parameters from history and physical examination","volume":"50","author":"Nery","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c5gren P-H, et al. Operative Techniques: Foot and Ankle Surgery. vi\u2013viii (2018) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-323-48234-9.01002-8.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-48234-9.01002-8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib15","article-title":"Direct Plantar Approach to Plantar Plate Repair and Associated Wound Complications","author":"Sharpe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2022.02.002","article-title":"Plantar Plate Repair for Metatarsophalangeal Joint Instability of the Lesser Toes","volume":"53","author":"Jastifer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1S","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib17","article-title":"Lesser-toe deformity","volume":"109","author":"Darcel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib18","first-page":"166","article-title":"Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joints Instability: A Comprehensive Literature Review","volume":"10","author":"Kamel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22173","article-title":"Stability of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the lesser toes: A cadaveric study","volume":"30","author":"Suero","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0301","article-title":"Lesser metatarsophalangeal joint instability: prospective evaluation and repair of plantar plate and capsular insufficiency","volume":"33","author":"Nery","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2007.12.008","article-title":"Combined Plantar Plate and Hammertoe Repair with Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon Transfer for Chronic, Severe Sagittal Plane Instability of the Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joints: Preliminary Observations","volume":"47","author":"Bouch\u00e9","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714539659","article-title":"Prospective Evaluation of Protocol for Surgical Treatment of Lesser MTP Joint Plantar Plate Tears","volume":"35","author":"Nery","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W100","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.17276","article-title":"Second and Third Metatarsophalangeal Plantar Plate Tears: Diagnostic Performance of Direct and Indirect MRI Features Using Surgical Findings as the Reference Standard","volume":"209","author":"Yamada","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.06.013","article-title":"Etiology and management of lesser toe metatarsophalangeal joint instability","volume":"19","author":"Doty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib25","first-page":"214","article-title":"Classification of metatarsophalangeal joint plantar plate injuries: history and physical examination variables","volume":"23","author":"Nery","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Surg Orthop Adv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2013.03.005","article-title":"Metatarsophalangeal Joint Instability of the Lesser Toes","volume":"53","author":"Doty","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2022.02.002","article-title":"Treatment of Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joint Instability With Plantar Plate Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"61","author":"Baker","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2021.11.008","article-title":"Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Plantar Plate Repair","volume":"39","author":"Hyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2015.03.010","article-title":"Lesser Metatarsal Osteotomy","volume":"32","author":"Sorensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0294","article-title":"Sequential Dissection for Exposure of the Second Metatarsophalangeal Joint","volume":"32","author":"Cooper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2007.01.001","article-title":"Plantar plate repair and Weil osteotomy for metatarsophalangeal joint instability","volume":"13","author":"Gregg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(98)80114-2","article-title":"Stabilization of the subluxed second metatarsophalangeal joint: Flexor tendon transfer versus primary repair of the plantar plate","volume":"37","author":"Ford","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2022.02.009","article-title":"Operative Management: Plantar Plate","volume":"39","author":"Sachs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2016.12.002","article-title":"Plantar Plate Repair Using a Direct Plantar Approach: An Outcomes Analysis","volume":"56","author":"Prissel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716679110","article-title":"Plantar Plate Repair for Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joint Instability","volume":"38","author":"Flint","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2014.04.023","article-title":"Technique Using Interference Fixation Repair for Plantar Plate Ligament Disruption of Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joints","volume":"54","author":"Sung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640019846974","article-title":"One-Year Outcome Study of Anatomic Reconstruction of Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joints","volume":"13","author":"Cook","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089184222600025X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089184222600025X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T21:35:31Z","timestamp":1779917731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S089184222600025X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S089184222600025X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-8422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-8422","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joint Instability","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpm.2026.02.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}