{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:06:18Z","timestamp":1789473978361,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T16:26:20Z","timestamp":1785169580000},"page":"100371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Testosterone in patients with borderline personality disorder: from hair analyses to social behavior"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Katja","family":"Wingenfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Kulakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2023.03.028","article-title":"The role of androgens and estrogens in social interactions and social cognition","volume":"568","author":"Aspesi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.010","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor function and cognition in health and disease","volume":"105","author":"Wingenfeld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.10.009","article-title":"Effects of cortisol on cognition in major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder - 2014 curt richter award winner","volume":"51","author":"Wingenfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X21666230804085639","article-title":"The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and social cognition in borderline personality disorder","volume":"22","author":"Kulakova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.11.008","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning in borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Drews","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1568134","article-title":"Psychophysiological stress response and memory in borderline personality disorder","volume":"10","author":"Duesenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000100","article-title":"The effects of acute stress on episodic memory: a meta-analysis and integrative review","volume":"143","author":"Shields","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2012.03.001","article-title":"Sex steroid levels temporarily increase in response to acute psychosocial stress in healthy men and women","volume":"84","author":"Lennartsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-021-00145-x","article-title":"Psychosocial stress increases testosterone in patients with borderline personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and healthy participants","volume":"8","author":"Deuter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib10","first-page":"76","article-title":"The 'trier social stress Test'--a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting","volume":"28","author":"Kirschbaum","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2021.100928","article-title":"Neuroendocrine interactions of the stress and reproductive axes","volume":"63","author":"Phumsatitpong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.1994.1044","article-title":"Gonadal steroid hormone receptors and sex differences in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis","volume":"28","author":"Handa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797615572905","article-title":"Dual-hormone changes are related to bargaining performance","volume":"26","author":"Mehta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2011.11.014","article-title":"Salivary testosterone: associations with depression, anxiety disorders, and antidepressant use in a large cohort study","volume":"72","author":"Giltay","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12867","article-title":"Testosterone, mood, behaviour and quality of life","volume":"8","author":"Zitzmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(00)00023-8","article-title":"Testosterone, androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone concentrations are elevated in female patients with major depression","volume":"25","author":"Weber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.04.008","article-title":"The role of testosterone in social interaction","volume":"15","author":"Eisenegger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cognit. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.03.003","article-title":"Interactive effects of testosterone and cortisol on hippocampal volume and episodic memory in middle-aged men","volume":"91","author":"Panizzon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib19","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1037\/cap0000024","article-title":"A systematic review of personality disorders and health outcomes","volume":"56","author":"Dixon-Gordon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024","article-title":"Consensus on women's health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the amsterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored 3rd PCOS consensus workshop Group","volume":"97","author":"Fauser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867417730650","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder and polycystic ovary syndrome: a review of the literature","volume":"52","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.01.007","article-title":"Incidence of polycystic ovaries and androgen serum levels in women with borderline personality disorder","volume":"44","author":"Roepke","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.02.002","article-title":"Increased testosterone levels and cortisol awakening responses in patients with borderline personality disorder: gender and trait aggressiveness matter","volume":"55","author":"Rausch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.026","article-title":"Increased hair testosterone but unaltered hair cortisol in female patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"71","author":"Dettenborn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2024.107232","article-title":"Elevated testosterone and prosocial behavior in female patients with borderline personality disorder independent of social exclusion","volume":"171","author":"Graumann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2022.105822","article-title":"Altered hormonal patterns in borderline personality disorder mother-child interactions","volume":"143","author":"Bonfig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1902","article-title":"The effect of diurnal variation on clinical measurement of serum testosterone and other sex hormone levels in men","volume":"94","author":"Brambilla","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2024.105608","article-title":"Salivary testosterone across the menstrual cycle","volume":"164","author":"Stern","year":"2024","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.12.007","article-title":"Testosterone and human aggression: an evaluation of the challenge hypothesis","volume":"30","author":"Archer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1086\/285134","article-title":"The \"Challenge Hypothesis\": theoretical implications for patterns of testosterone secretion, mating systems, and breeding strategies","volume":"136","author":"Wingfield","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X98001228","article-title":"Testosterone and dominance in men","volume":"21","author":"Mazur","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000359","article-title":"Rejection sensitivity in borderline personality disorder and the cognitive-affective personality system: a meta-analytic review","volume":"11","author":"Cavicchioli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Personal Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-022-01535-0","article-title":"Impact of social exclusion on empathy in women with borderline personality disorder","volume":"273","author":"Graumann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.07.021","article-title":"The impact of social exclusion vs. inclusion on subjective and hormonal reactions in females and males","volume":"38","author":"Seidel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-023-00215-2","article-title":"Association between baseline dissociation levels and stress-induced state dissociation in patients with posttraumatic-stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, and major depressive disorder","volume":"10","author":"Graumann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.170102","article-title":"Neural correlates of emotional action control in anger-prone women with borderline personality disorder","volume":"43","author":"Bertsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.11.029","article-title":"Social neuroendocrinology of human aggression: examining the role of competition-induced testosterone dynamics","volume":"286","author":"Carre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.12.030","article-title":"Endocannabinoid signaling, glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback, and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis","volume":"204","author":"Hill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2018.1451837","article-title":"Reduced levels of the endocannabinoid arachidonylethanolamide (AEA) in hair in patients with borderline personality disorder - a pilot study","volume":"21","author":"Wingenfeld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stress"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1159\/000358526","article-title":"Social exclusion leads to divergent changes of oxytocin levels in borderline patients and healthy subjects","volume":"83","author":"Jobst","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2015.02.013","article-title":"Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor stimulation via fludrocortisone on memory in women with borderline personality disorder","volume":"120","author":"Wingenfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000173701","article-title":"The short version of the borderline symptom list (BSL-23): development and initial data on psychometric properties","volume":"42","author":"Bohus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib44","series-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2024.2431368","article-title":"Salivary testosterone is associated with feelings of senselessness and self-dislike in women with borderline personality disorder","volume":"15","author":"Kulakova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.06.016","article-title":"Testosterone levels in suicide attempters with bipolar disorder","volume":"46","author":"Sher","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.09.005","article-title":"Testosterone administration in women increases amygdala responses to fearful and happy faces","volume":"38","author":"Bos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.2","article-title":"Testosterone increases amygdala reactivity in middle-aged women to a young adulthood level","volume":"34","author":"van Wingen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1096-y","article-title":"Ovarian hormones as a source of fluctuating biological vulnerability in borderline personality disorder","volume":"21","author":"Peters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-024-02045-4","article-title":"The impact of ovulation-suppressing contraceptives on behavioral and functional difficulties in borderline personality disorder","volume":"50","author":"Katrinli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2024.107095","article-title":"A novel method for quantifying affective sensitivity to endogenous ovarian hormones","volume":"167","author":"Andersen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"}],"container-title":["Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666497626000354?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666497626000354?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:40:07Z","timestamp":1789472407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666497626000354"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S2666497626000354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-4976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-4976","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Testosterone in patients with borderline personality disorder: from hair analyses to social behavior","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100371","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100371"}}