{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:05:11Z","timestamp":1789473911388,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG17644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG17644"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["198 \/1074-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["198 \/1074-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T15:23:28Z","timestamp":1786202608000},"page":"100377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hair cortisol and cortisone and psychological well-being: an analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Pei","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Steptoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073917697824","article-title":"Psychological well-being and physical health: associations, mechanisms, and future directions","volume":"10","author":"Hernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emot. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.09.016","article-title":"Conscientiousness, hair cortisol concentration, and health behaviour in older men and women","volume":"86","author":"Steptoe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e763","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000947","article-title":"Psychological health, well-being, and the mind-heart-body connection: a scientific statement from the American heart association","volume":"143","author":"Levine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9968","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61489-0","article-title":"Subjective wellbeing, health, and ageing","volume":"385","author":"Steptoe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib5","first-page":"55","article-title":"How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions","volume":"21","author":"Sapolsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12232726","article-title":"The role of cortisol in chronic stress, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychological disorders","volume":"12","author":"Knezevic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2017.243","article-title":"Characterisation of the cancer-associated glucocorticoid system: key role of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2","volume":"117","author":"Cirillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S140","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnu174","article-title":"Hair cortisol analysis: a promising biomarker of HPA activation in older adults","volume":"55","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.12.017","article-title":"Stress-related and basic determinants of hair cortisol in humans: a meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Stalder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.02.002","article-title":"Analysis of cortisol in hair \u2013 state of the art and future directions","volume":"26","author":"Stalder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.07.214","article-title":"Assessing cortisol from hair samples in a large observational cohort: the whitehall II study","volume":"73","author":"Abell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040218-044150","article-title":"Happiness and health","volume":"40","author":"Steptoe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2055102915601582","article-title":"Persistent psychological well-being predicts improved self-rated health over 9-10 years: longitudinal evidence from MIDUS","volume":"2","author":"Ryff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Psychol. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/63811","article-title":"Relationship of hair cortisol concentration with perceived and somatic stress indices: cross-sectional pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Bergquist","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-014-0030-7","article-title":"Higher perceived stress and poorer health reflected in elevated cortisol concentrations measured in extracts of hair from middle-aged healthy women","volume":"2","author":"Faresj\u00f6","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.105098","article-title":"Is there a relation between major depression and hair cortisol? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"124","author":"Psarraki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12628","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between well-being, hair cortisol, and self-reported health","volume":"17","author":"Lawes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Health Well Being"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.104543","article-title":"Hair cortisol as a biomarker of stress and resilience in South African mixed ancestry females","volume":"113","author":"van den Heuvel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2016.03.001","article-title":"Hair cortisol concentrations in relation to ill-being and well-being in healthy young and old females","volume":"102","author":"Smyth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys168","article-title":"Cohort profile: the English longitudinal study of ageing","volume":"42","author":"Steptoe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.12.022","article-title":"LC-MS based analysis of endogenous steroid hormones in human hair","volume":"162","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib22","series-title":"Subjective Well-Being: Measuring Happiness, Suffering, and Other Dimensions of Experience","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780197512531.003.0005","article-title":"Eudaimonic and hedonic well-being","author":"Ryff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Measur. Well-Being"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02506-1","article-title":"Hobby engagement and mental wellbeing among people aged 65 years and older in 16 countries","volume":"29","author":"Mak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"gbaf074","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaf074","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between cultural engagement and mental and social well-being: a fixed-effects analysis of the English longitudinal study of ageing","volume":"80","author":"Finn","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Gerontol.: Ser. Bibliogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib26","series-title":"OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective well-being","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-02074-0","article-title":"A scoping review of well-being measures: conceptualisation and scales for overall well-being","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib28","unstructured":"UK measures of national well-being dashboard. Available from: https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/wellbeing\/articles\/ukmeasuresofnationalwellbeing\/dashboard#:\u223c:text=Well%2Dbeing%20Dashboard-,UK%20Measures%20of%20National%20Well%2Dbeing%20Dashboard,-An%20overview%20of. [Accessed at 01 December 2025]."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2006.34.2.139","article-title":"Measuring happiness with a single-item scale","volume":"34","author":"Abdel-Khalek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc. Behav. Personal. Int. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/1360786031000101157","article-title":"A measure of quality of life in early old age: the theory, development and properties of a needs satisfaction model (CASP-19)","volume":"7","author":"Hyde","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.1028","article-title":"Enjoying life and living longer","volume":"172","author":"Steptoe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E150","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.131155","article-title":"Enjoyment of life and declining physical function at older ages: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"186","author":"Steptoe","year":"2014","journal-title":"CMAJ (Can. Med. Assoc. J.)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.07.015","article-title":"A one-item question with a likert or visual analog scale adequately measured current anxiety","volume":"60","author":"Davey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295535","article-title":"Comparing estimates of psychological distress using 7-day and 30-day recall periods: does it make a difference?","volume":"18","author":"Chilver","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.10.007","article-title":"Predictors of hair cortisol concentrations in older adults","volume":"39","author":"Feller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4889","article-title":"Lifestyle factors and the course of depression in older adults: a NESDO study","volume":"33","author":"Bruin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.06.011","article-title":"Determinants of hair cortisol and hair cortisone concentrations in adults","volume":"60","author":"Staufenbiel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","article-title":"The satisfaction with life scale","volume":"49","author":"Diener","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-014-0726-4","article-title":"Assessing the validity of single-item life satisfaction measures: results from three large samples","volume":"23","author":"Cheung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib40","article-title":"Prevalence of depression in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"311","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2022.105847","article-title":"Hair cortisol as a risk marker for increased depressive symptoms among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"143","author":"Feeney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.10.006","article-title":"The predictive value of cortisol levels on 2-year course of depression in older persons","volume":"63","author":"Kabia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28151-9","article-title":"Cumulative trauma predicts hair cortisol concentrations and symptoms of depression and anxiety in pregnant women\u2014an investigation of community samples from Greece, Spain and Per\u00fa","volume":"13","author":"Dobernecker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2021.105167","article-title":"Associations of saliva cortisol and hair cortisol with generalized anxiety, social anxiety, and major depressive disorder: an epidemiological cohort study in adolescents and young adults","volume":"126","author":"Kische","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.11.019","article-title":"Long-term glucocorticoid levels measured in hair in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders","volume":"101","author":"Gerritsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1814723116","article-title":"Leading a meaningful life at older ages and its relationship with social engagement, prosperity, health, biology, and time use","volume":"116","author":"Steptoe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095557","article-title":"Estrogen, stress, and depression: cognitive and biological interactions","volume":"15","author":"Albert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2004.06.002","article-title":"A meta-analysis of cortisol response to challenge in human aging: importance of gender","volume":"30","author":"Otte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(01)00133-3","article-title":"Age-related changes of the adrenal secretory pattern: possible role in pathological brain aging","volume":"37","author":"Ferrari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib50","article-title":"Reduced hair cortisol concentrations are associated with improved emotional wellbeing in older adults following repeated forest walking","volume":"15","author":"Daniela","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000148","article-title":"Toward standardization of hair cortisol measurement: results of the first international interlaboratory round robin","volume":"37","author":"Russell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther. Drug Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2025.101199","article-title":"Seasonal variation in hair cortisol concentration: a systematic review","volume":"78","author":"Feneberg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."}],"container-title":["Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266649762600041X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266649762600041X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:37:24Z","timestamp":1789472244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S266649762600041X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S266649762600041X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-4976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-4976","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hair cortisol and cortisone and psychological well-being: an analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpnec.2026.100377","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100377"}}