{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T14:01:43Z","timestamp":1758636103177},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]],"date-time":"2011-09-20T05:05:30Z","timestamp":1316495130000},"page":"248-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Role of Nutrition in the Etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Scholz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.5.741","article-title":"Epidemiologic analysis of Crohn disease in Japan: Increased dietary intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and animal protein relates to the increased incidence of Crohn disease in Japan","volume":"63","author":"Shoda","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01411.x","article-title":"Imbalances in dietary consumption of fatty acids, vegetables, and fruits are associated with risk for Crohn's disease in children","volume":"102","author":"Amre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91841-4","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease and domestic hygiene in infancy","volume":"343","author":"Gent","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.5.1342","article-title":"Breastfeeding and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Klement","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.11.995","article-title":"Presenting features of inflammatory bowel disease in Great Britain and Ireland","volume":"88","author":"Sawczenko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.08673.x","article-title":"NOD2\/CARD15 variants are associated with lower weight at diagnosis in children with Crohn's disease","volume":"98","author":"Tomer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00663-9","article-title":"Randomized trial of etidronate plus calcium and vitamin D for treatment of low bone mineral density in Crohn's disease","volume":"3","author":"Siffledeen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.40071.x","article-title":"Vitamin K status in patients with Crohn's disease and relationship to bone turnover","volume":"99","author":"Duggan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70552-4","article-title":"Inflammatory alterations in mesenteric adipose tissue in Crohn's disease","volume":"117","author":"Desreumaux","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.046516","article-title":"Production of adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory protein, in mesenteric adipose tissue in Crohn's disease","volume":"54","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1973.01350200189039","article-title":"Experience with elemental diet in the treat of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"107","author":"Voikt","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)91497-7","article-title":"Crohn's disease: Maintenance of remission by diet","volume":"2","author":"Jones","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.1_Suppl.S55","article-title":"Enteral nutrition as primary therapy in Crohn's disease","volume":"35","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ba\u00f1ares","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.62.2.123","article-title":"Remission induced by an elemental diet in small bowel Crohn's disease","volume":"61","author":"Sanderson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90711-S","article-title":"Comparison of enteral nutrition and drug treatment in active Crohn's disease","volume":"101","author":"Lochs","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000542","article-title":"Enteral nutritional therapy for inducing remission of Crohn's disease","volume":"3","author":"Zachos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200800093","article-title":"Enteral nutrition in adult Crohn's disease: present status and perspectives","volume":"52","author":"Dupont","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02990575","article-title":"Nutritional therapy for Crohn's disease in Japan","volume":"40","author":"Matsui","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200007000-00005","article-title":"Enteral nutrition and corticosteroids in the treatment of acute Crohn's disease in children","volume":"31","author":"Heuschkel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i16","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.081950b","article-title":"European evidence based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: Current management","volume":"55","author":"Travis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib21","first-page":"A778","article-title":"Semi-elemental diet versus prednisone in the treatment of acute Crohn's disease in children and adolescents","volume":"104","author":"Seidman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1177\/014860719201600184","article-title":"Comparison of enteral nutrition and drug treatment in active Crohn's disease: results of the European Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study IV","volume":"16","author":"Demetriou","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S108","DOI":"10.1177\/01486071050290S4S108","article-title":"Enteral nutrition in the management of Crohn's disease","volume":"29","author":"Griffiths","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04067.x","article-title":"The use of exclusive enteral nutrition for induction of remission in children with Crohn's disease demonstrates that disease phenotype does not influence clinical remission","volume":"30","author":"Buchanan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2000.00707.x","article-title":"Mucosal healing and a fall in mucosal pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA induced by a specific oral polymeric diet in paediatric Crohn's disease","volume":"14","author":"Fell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.10.005","article-title":"Short and long-term therapeutic efficacy of nutritional therapy and corticosteroids in paediatric Crohn's disease","volume":"38","author":"Berni Canani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib27","article-title":"Enteral nutritional therapy for induction of remission in Crohn's disease","volume":"1","author":"Zachos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04662.x","article-title":"The efficacy of exclusive nutritional therapy in paediatric Crohn's disease, comparing fractionated oral vs. continuous enteral feeding","author":"Rubio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2007.05.001","article-title":"Nutrigenomics and gut health","volume":"622","author":"Ferguson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.4.543","article-title":"Supplementary enteral nutrition maintains remission in paediatric Crohn's disease","volume":"38","author":"Wilschanski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A344","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199610000-00039","article-title":"Cyclical exclusive enteral nutrition versus alternate day prednisone in maintaining remission of pediatric Crohn's disease","volume":"23","author":"Seidman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005984.pub2","article-title":"Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease","author":"Akobeng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32832c788c","article-title":"Enteral nutrition for the maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.281.6249.1173","article-title":"Elemental diets in treatment of acute Crohn's disease","volume":"281","author":"O'Morain","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2002.10719248","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases","volume":"21","author":"Simopoulos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/00001610-200607000-00005","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids as adjunctive therapy in Crohn's disease","volume":"29","author":"MacDonald","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.1.339s","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"71","author":"Belluzzi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-001-0812-7","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and immunity","volume":"36","author":"Calder","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018873217192","article-title":"Serum n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are depleted in Crohn's disease","volume":"42","author":"Kuroki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.2.164","article-title":"Fat composition may be a clue to explain the primary therapeutic effect of enteral nutrition in Crohn's disease: Results of a double blind randomised multicentre European trial","volume":"51","author":"Gassull","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib41","first-page":"503","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation with polymeric diet enriched with transforming growth factor-beta 2 for children with Crohn's disease","volume":"10","author":"Hartman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03536.x","article-title":"Review article: the evidence base for interventions used to maintain remission in Crohn's disease","volume":"27","author":"Akobeng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharm Ther A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006320.pub3","article-title":"Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease","volume":"1","author":"Turner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib44","first-page":"231","article-title":"Combined butyric acid\/mesalazine treatment in ulcerative colitis with mild-moderate activity","volume":"54","author":"Assisi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-8320(06)73163-3","article-title":"[Nutritional therapy in inflammatory bowel disease]","volume":"30","author":"Piquet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200304000-00008","article-title":"Consensus and Controversy in the Management of Pediatric Crohn disease: An International Survey","volume":"36","author":"Levine","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.03.001","article-title":"Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"20","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1538544211000915?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1538544211000915?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]],"date-time":"2019-06-15T21:26:20Z","timestamp":1560633980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1538544211000915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1538544211000915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cppeds.2011.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1538-5442"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1538-5442","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}}}