{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:34:29Z","timestamp":1792172069140,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]],"date-time":"2014-05-05T20:12:10Z","timestamp":1399320730000},"page":"74-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An Overview for Pediatric and Adolescent Care Providers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Yasmin Suzanne N.","family":"Senturias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib1","unstructured":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 10th special report to the U.S. Congress on alcohol and health. Washington, DC, U.S.: Department of Health and Human Services; 2000 [NIH Pub. No. 00-1583]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib2","series-title":"Smith\u05f3s Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation","author":"Jones","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib3","first-page":"e67","article-title":"Normal distribution of palpebral fissure lengths in Canadian school age children","volume":"17","author":"Clarren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib4","unstructured":"Jones KL, Fetal alcohol syndrome. In: Smith\u05f3s Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; 2006."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib5","series-title":"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Guidelines for Referral and Diagnosis","author":"Bertrand","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib6","first-page":"24","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects: principles for educators","volume":"74","author":"Burgess","year":"1992","journal-title":"Phi Delta Kappan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib7","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) FASD Expert Panel. AAP FASD Toolkit. Aap.org\/fasd. Accessed 06.11.13."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib8","unstructured":"Kable J. Neurodevelopmental Disorders Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (ND-PAE). Presentation to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders (ARND) Work Group Meeting; 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib9","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-V","first-page":"798","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70099-4","article-title":"Heavy prenatal alcohol exposure with or without physical features of fetal alcohol syndrome leads to IQ deficits","volume":"131","author":"Mattson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03658.x","article-title":"A review of the neuroanatomical findings in children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or prenatal exposure to alcohol","volume":"22","author":"Roebuck","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib12","first-page":"159","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome: a summary","volume":"25","author":"May","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199711)56:5<317::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Incidence of FAS and prevalence of ARND","volume":"56","author":"Sampson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.129030","article-title":"Application of the fetal alcohol syndrome facial photographic screening tool in a foster care population","volume":"141","author":"Astley","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/009318531103900107","article-title":"A court team model for care of young children in foster care: the role of prenatal alcohol exposure and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders","volume":"39","author":"Burd","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Law"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199910000-00012","article-title":"Identifying fetal alcohol syndrome among youth in the criminal justice system","volume":"20","author":"Fast","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00059.x","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in children residing in Russian orphanages: a phenotypic survey","volume":"30","author":"Miller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.11.007","article-title":"The epidemiology of fetal alcohol syndrome and partial FAS in a South African community","volume":"88","author":"May","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2005.66.593","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome epidemiology in a South African Community: a second study of a very high prevalence area","volume":"66","author":"Viljoen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e657","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0516","article-title":"Pediatrician\u05f3s knowledge, training and experience in the care of children with fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"118","author":"Gahagan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-3-2","article-title":"A survey of physicians knowledge regarding awareness of maternal alcohol use and the diagnosis of FAS","volume":"3","author":"Nevin","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00188.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of FASD in a province in Italy: prevalence and characteristics of children in a random sample of schools","volume":"30","author":"May","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30015","article-title":"Cost of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders","volume":"127C","author":"Lupton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib24","unstructured":"Streissguth, AP, Barr, HM, Kogan, J Bookstein, F. Understanding the occurrence of secondary disabilities in clients with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE). Final Report. Fetal Alcohol and Drug Unit, University of Washington School of Medicine. Seattle, WA; 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib25","series-title":"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Guide for Families and Communities","author":"Streissguth","year":"1997"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200610000-00005","article-title":"Predictors of stress in parents of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders","volume":"27","author":"Paley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib27","series-title":"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Competency-Based Curriculum Development Guide for Medical and Allied Health Education and Practice","article-title":"Biological Effects of Alcohol on Fetus","author":"Rudeen","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-0005(96)80082-6","article-title":"Placental transfer of selected substances of abuse","volume":"20","author":"Little","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib29","series-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders competency-based curriculum development guide for medical and allied health education and practice","article-title":"Epidemiological and Psychosocial and Cultural Aspects of FASDs","author":"Brimacombe","year":"2009"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702-0323006-04","article-title":"Genesis of alcohol induced craniofacial dysmorphism","volume":"230","author":"Sulik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib31","series-title":"The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology","first-page":"156","author":"Moore","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib32","first-page":"22","article-title":"Critical periods for prenatal alcohol exposure","volume":"18","author":"Coles","year":"1994","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib33","unstructured":"Office of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2005). Advisory on alcohol use in pregnancy. Retrieved August 9, 2007, from http:\/\/www.surgeongeneral.gov\/pressreleases\/sg02222005.html Paley B, O\u2019Connor MJ, Frankel F, Marquardt R. (2006). Predictors of stress in parents."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib34","unstructured":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Helping patients who drink too much: a clinician\u05f3s guide. Bethesda, MD U.S: Department of Health and Human Services [updated 2005 ed]. [NIH Pub. No. 07-3769]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib35","series-title":"Maternal Substance Abuse and the Developing Nervous System","first-page":"45","article-title":"Fetal alcohol effects: rat model of alcohol exposure during the brain growth spurt","author":"Goodlett","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37143-5","article-title":"Alcohol dehydrogenase 2*3 allele protects against alcohol-related birth defects among African Americans","volume":"283","author":"McCarver","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.128112","article-title":"Alcohol dehydrogenase 2 genotypes, maternal alcohol use and infant outcome","volume":"141","author":"Stoler","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00634.x","article-title":"Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol syndrome and partial fetal alcohol syndrome in South Africa: a third study","volume":"32","author":"May","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(88)90060-8","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome in families","volume":"10","author":"Abel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03651.x","article-title":"A review of the neurobehavioral deficits in children with fetal alcohol syndrome or prenatal exposure to alcohol","volume":"22","author":"Mattson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib41","unstructured":"Mattson S, Schoenfeld A, Riley E. \u3008http:\/\/pubs.niaaa.nih.gov\/publications\/arh25-3\/185-191.htm\u3009. Accessed 21.10.13."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib42","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) FASD Expert Panel. AAP FASD Toolkit. Aap.org\/fasd. Accessed 6.11.13."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib43","series-title":"Understanding the occurrence of secondary disabilities in clients with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE): Final report","author":"Streissguth","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib44","series-title":"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Competency-Based Curriculum Development Guide for Medical and Allied Health Education and Practice","article-title":"Treatment Across the Lifespan for Persons with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders","author":"Mitchell","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib45","unstructured":"Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Individuals with disabilities improvement act of 2004. 20 U.S. C.A. \u00a7 1400 et seq. (Thomson-West, 2005). [PL 108-46]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib46","series-title":"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Practical Suggestions and Support for Families and Caregivers","author":"Mitchell","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib47","unstructured":"Section 504 of the Federal Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C.794, 1973."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012_bib48","unstructured":"Astley SJ. Diagnostic Guide for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: The 4-Digit Diagnostic Code. 3rd ed. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, 2004"}],"container-title":["Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1538544213001533?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1538544213001533?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T19:46:05Z","timestamp":1746215165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1538544213001533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1538544213001533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1538-5442"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1538-5442","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}}}