{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:15:13Z","timestamp":1791422113535,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,4]],"date-time":"2004-10-04T15:02:24Z","timestamp":1096902144000},"page":"827-856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":418,"title":["Attention processes in the maintenance and treatment of social phobia: hypervigilance, avoidance and self-focused attention"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Susan M.","family":"B\u00f6gels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Mansell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/per.2410020103","article-title":"Self-consciousness scales for adults and children: Reliability, validity, and theoretical significance","volume":"2","author":"Abrams","year":"1988","journal-title":"European Journal of Personality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01183280","article-title":"Public self-awareness and withdrawal from social interactions","volume":"16","author":"Alden","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00039-1","article-title":"Attentional bias to threat in social phobia: Facilitated processing of threat or difficulty disengaging attention from threat?","volume":"41","author":"Amir","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(96)00054-X","article-title":"Suppression of the emotional Stroop effect by increased anxiety in patients with social phobia","volume":"34","author":"Amir","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-6185(94)90009-4","article-title":"Selective processing of social threat in patients with generalized social phobia: Evaluation using a dot-probe paradigm","volume":"8","author":"Asmundson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib7","series-title":"Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective","author":"Beck","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(01)00055-X","article-title":"The emotional Stroop effect in anxiety disorders: General emotionality or disorder specificity?","volume":"15","author":"Becker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib9","unstructured":"B\u00f6gels, S. M. (2004). Task concentration training versus applied relaxation in combination with cognitive therapy, for social phobic patients with fear of blushing, trembling, sweating or blocking. Submitted for publication."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(96)00100-6","article-title":"Self-consciousness, self-focused attention, blushing propensity and fear of blushing","volume":"21","author":"B\u00f6gels","year":"1996","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00096-1","article-title":"The causal role of self-awareness in blushing-anxious, socially-anxious and social phobics individuals","volume":"40","author":"B\u00f6gels","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0879(199712)4:4<251::AID-CPP136>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Task concentration training and fear of blushing","volume":"4","author":"B\u00f6gels","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology and Psychoterapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016275700203","article-title":"Self-focused attention and social anxiety: The effects of experimentally heightened self-awareness on fear, blushing, cognitions, and social skills","volume":"26","author":"B\u00f6gels","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib13","series-title":"Mindfulness- and task concentration training for social phobia: A pilot study of 10 patients","author":"B\u00f6gels","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/026999397380014","article-title":"Attentional biases for emotional faces","volume":"11","author":"Bradley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1348\/014466599162845","article-title":"Attentional bias for emotional faces in generalised anxiety disorder","volume":"38","author":"Bradley","year":"1999","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(78)90050-1","article-title":"How to reverse the vicious cycle of low self-esteem: The importance of attentional focus","volume":"14","author":"Brockner","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.50.6.1216","article-title":"Effects of performance expectancy and self-focused attention on social interaction","volume":"250","author":"Burgio","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01177556","article-title":"Effects of self-directed attention on performance and persistence among persons high and low in test anxiety","volume":"7","author":"Carver","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(81)90039-1","article-title":"The self-attention-induced feedback loop and social facilitation","volume":"17","author":"Carver","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167288143005","article-title":"Effects of involvement on observers' estimations of consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00086-9","article-title":"Patients with generalized social phobia direct their attention away from faces","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-1849(05)80119-2","article-title":"An overview of the cognitive theory and treatment of panic disorder","volume":"2","author":"Clark","year":"1993","journal-title":"Applied and Preventive Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib24","series-title":"Social Phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment","first-page":"69","article-title":"A cognitive model of social phobia","author":"Clark","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(92)90006-3","article-title":"Reaction time to threat stimuli in panic disorder and social phobia","volume":"30","author":"Cloitre","year":"1992","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(89)90025-1","article-title":"Self-focused attention and public speaking anxiety","volume":"10","author":"Daly","year":"1989","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib27","series-title":"A theory of objective self-awareness","author":"Duval","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(73)90059-0","article-title":"Effects of objective self-awareness on attribution of causality","volume":"9","author":"Duval","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib29","first-page":"91","article-title":"Attentional bias to emotional facial expressions","volume":"49","author":"Esteves","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Review of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib30","series-title":"Anxiety: The cognitive perspective","author":"Eysenck","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib31","series-title":"Anxiety and cognition","author":"Eysenck","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.37.1.75","article-title":"Self-consciousness, self-attention and social interaction","volume":"37","author":"Fenigstein","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076760","article-title":"Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory","volume":"43","author":"Fenigstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib34","unstructured":"Garner, M. J., Mogg, K., Bradley (2003). Orienting and maintenance of attention to facial expressions in social anxiety: Eye movement study. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the European Association of Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies, Prague, September 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/026999399379294","article-title":"Attentional biases for facial expressions in social phobia: The face-in-the-crowd paradigm","volume":"13","author":"Gilboa-Schechtman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465898000022","article-title":"Seeing yourself through others' eyes: A study of spontaneously occuriing images in social phobia","volume":"26","author":"Hackmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(83)90023-5","article-title":"A metacognitive model of social anxiety: Implications for treatment","volume":"3","author":"Hartman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(198401)40:1<137::AID-JCLP2270400126>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Cognitive components of social anxiety","volume":"40","author":"Hartman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib39","series-title":"Cognitive behavioural processes across psychological disorders: A transdiagnostic perspective to research and treatment","author":"Harvey","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00105-9","article-title":"Self-focused attention before and after treatment of social phobia","volume":"38","author":"Hofmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(89)90046-9","article-title":"Attentional focus and causal attributions in social phobia: Implications from social psychology. Special Issue: Social phobia","volume":"9","author":"Hope","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5204_3","article-title":"Public and private self-consciousness and social phobia","volume":"52","author":"Hope","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01176208","article-title":"Representations of the self in social phobia: Vulnerability to social threat","volume":"14","author":"Hope","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1159\/000285025","article-title":"Chronometrics of attentional processes in anxiety disorders","volume":"30","author":"Horenstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00180-9","article-title":"Social phobics do not see eye to eye: A visual scanpath study of emotional expression processing","volume":"17","author":"Horley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.2.156","article-title":"Self-focused attention in clinical disorders: Review and a conceptual model","volume":"107","author":"Ingram","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1031(75)80007-2","article-title":"The effect of presence of an audience, evaluation apprehension and objective self-awareness on learning","volume":"11","author":"Innes","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(99)00077-X","article-title":"Public and private self-consciousness as specific psychopathological features","volume":"27","author":"Jostes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1375\/bech.20.3.143.24832","article-title":"Processing bias in children with separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, and generalised anxiety disorder","volume":"20","author":"Kindt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behaviour Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01356-2","article-title":"Schizophrenia and affective disorder show different visual scanning behaviour for faces, a \u201ctrait versus state\u201d-based distinction","volume":"52","author":"Loughland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(96)00008-6","article-title":"Stroop interference, self-focus and perfectionism in social phobics","volume":"20","author":"Lundh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/02845710117841","article-title":"Attentional bias, self-consciousness and perfectionism in social phobia before and after cognitive-behaviour therapy","volume":"30","author":"Lundh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.95.1.15","article-title":"Attentional bias in emotional disorders","volume":"95","author":"MacLeod","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(96)00028-X","article-title":"Specificity of attentional bias in panic disorder and social phobia","volume":"10","author":"Maidenberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00029-3","article-title":"Internal versus external attention in social anxiety: An investigation using a novel paradigm","volume":"41","author":"Mansell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/026999399379032","article-title":"Social anxiety and attention away from emotional faces","volume":"13","author":"Mansell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/10615800290007263","article-title":"Attention to positive and negative social-evaluative words: Investigating the effects of social anxiety, trait anxiety and social threat","volume":"15","author":"Mansell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress and Coping"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90104-4","article-title":"Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states","volume":"23","author":"Mathews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(93)90029-T","article-title":"The revised Stroop colour-naming task in social phobics","volume":"31","author":"Mattia","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-6185(94)00027-8","article-title":"Comparison of social phobic subtypes using Stroop tests","volume":"9","author":"McNeil","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib61","first-page":"117","article-title":"Shyness and anxious self-preoccupation during a social interaction. Special Issue: Communication, cognition, and anxiety","volume":"5","author":"Melchior","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Social Behavior and Personality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00040-6","article-title":"Cognitive processes in social anxiety: The effects of self-focus, rumination and anticipatory processing","volume":"38","author":"Mellings","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00063-1","article-title":"A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety","volume":"36","author":"Mogg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00017-7","article-title":"Selective orienting of attention to masked threat faces in social anxiety","volume":"40","author":"Mogg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(96)00109-X","article-title":"Time course of attentional bias for threat information in non-clinical anxiety","volume":"35","author":"Mogg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mogg, K., Philippot, P., Bradley, B.P. (2004). Selective attention to angry faces in clinical social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 160\u2013165.","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.1.160"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.4.638","article-title":"Self-focused attention and negative affect: A meta-analysis","volume":"128","author":"Mor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(01)00073-1","article-title":"Fear of blushing: Effects of task concentration training versus exposure in vivo on fear and psychiology","volume":"15","author":"Mulkens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00212-7","article-title":"Selective attention in social phobia: The effect of a concurrent depressive disorder","volume":"41","author":"Musa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.1995.14.1.36","article-title":"Reducing depressive affect through external focus of attention","volume":"14","author":"Nix","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib71","unstructured":"Ononaiye, M., Turpin, G., & Reidy, J. (2002). Cognitive biases in social anxiety. Paper presented at the British Psychological Society, Division of Cognitive Psychology, Canterbury, September 2002."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0048577298960875","article-title":"Effect of self-focused attention on the startle reflex, heart rate and memory peformance among anxious and nonanxious individuals","volume":"35","author":"Panayiotou","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465802001030","article-title":"Social anxiety, self-focused attention, and the discrimination of negative, neutral and positive audience members by their non-verbal behaviours","volume":"30","author":"Perowne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167291174001","article-title":"Social anxiety and social perception: Construing others' reactions to the self","volume":"17","author":"Pozo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.110.3.538","article-title":"On the relationship between self-focused attention and psychological disorder: A critical reappraisal","volume":"110","author":"Pyszczynski","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00022-3","article-title":"A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia","volume":"35","author":"Rapee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00266.x","article-title":"Effects of self-consciousness and social anxiety on self-disclosure among unacquainted individuals: An application of the Social Relations Model","volume":"60","author":"Reno","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Personality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.1988.7.2-3.246","article-title":"Expectancy and self-focused attention: Experimental support for the self-regulation model of test anxiety","volume":"7","author":"Rich","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10105","article-title":"Selective attention in anxiety: Distraction and enhancement in visual search","volume":"18","author":"Rinck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)90128-7","article-title":"The emotional Stroop interference effect in anxiety: Attentional bias or cognitive avoidance?","volume":"32","author":"Ruiter","year":"1994","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(96)00274-7","article-title":"Perfectionism, self-consciousness and anxiety","volume":"22","author":"Saboonchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00183-1","article-title":"Perfectionism and self-consciousness in social phobia and panic disorder with agoraphobia","volume":"37","author":"Saboonchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib83","series-title":"Social psychopathology","article-title":"Attentional factors in the perception of bodily states","author":"Scheier","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.62.3.522","article-title":"Effects of treatment duration and severity of depression on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic-interpersonal psychotherapy","volume":"62","author":"Shapiro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01172332","article-title":"Self-directed attention and facilitation of intellectual performance among persons high in test anxiety","volume":"5","author":"Slapion","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00232-3","article-title":"Selective attentional bias related to the noticeable aspect of anxiety symptoms in generalized social phobia","volume":"17","author":"Spector","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib87","unstructured":"Stirling, L.J., Eley, T.C., Clark, D.M. (submitted for publication). Children with social anxiety direct their attention away from negative faces."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(93)90024-O","article-title":"Cognitive processes in social phobia","volume":"31","author":"Stopa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054651","article-title":"Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions","volume":"18","author":"Stroop","year":"1935","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib90","series-title":"Pride, shame, and guilt: Emotions of self-assessment","author":"Taylor","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)E0011-7","article-title":"How does cognitive therapy prevent depressive relapse and why should attentional cotnrol (mindfulness) training help?","volume":"33","author":"Teasdale","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1999.84.3.843","article-title":"Self-schema in social phobia and panic disorder","volume":"84","author":"Van Nierkerk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib93","unstructured":"Vassilopoulos, S. F. (2002). Social anxiety and the vigilance-avoidance model of attention towards facial stimuli. Paper presented at the British Psychological Society, Division of Cognitive Psychology, Canterbury, September 2002."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib94","unstructured":"Vassilopoulos, S.F. (in press). Time course of attentional bias to emotional words in high socially anxious individuals. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00016-3","article-title":"Detection of negative and positive audience behaviours by socially anxious subjects","volume":"36","author":"Veljaca","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1037\/h0027806","article-title":"Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety","volume":"33","author":"Watson","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib112","series-title":"Emotional Disorders and Meta Cognition: Innovative Cognitive Therapy","author":"Wells","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00037-0","article-title":"How do I look with my minds eye: Perspective taking in social phobic imagery","volume":"36","author":"Wells","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib99","series-title":"Self-focused attention","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib98","series-title":"Attention and emotion: A clinical perspective","author":"Wells","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00150-8","article-title":"The observer perspective: Biased imagery in social phobia, agoraphobia, and blood\/injury phobia","volume":"37","author":"Wells","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(98)80037-3","article-title":"Social phobia: Effects of external attention on anxiety, negative beliefs, and perspective taking","volume":"29","author":"Wells","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0879(199712)4:4<226::AID-CPP129>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Attention training: Effects om anxiety and beliefs in panic and social phobia","volume":"4","author":"Wells","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib103","volume":"vol. 8","author":"Wicklund","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib104","series-title":"Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders","author":"Williams","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib105","series-title":"Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders","author":"Williams","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)E0019-F","article-title":"Social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and the detection of negative emotion in others","volume":"33","author":"Winton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01173425","article-title":"Cognitive treatment of test anxiety: Rational restructuring versus attentional training","volume":"7","author":"Wise","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.105.1.61","article-title":"Effects of focus of attention on anxiety levels and social performance of individuals with social phobia","volume":"105","author":"Woody","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(96)00084-8","article-title":"Self-focused attention in the treatment of social phobia","volume":"35","author":"Woody","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behavioral Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005583820758","article-title":"Self-focused attention and social anxiety in social phobics and normal controls","volume":"24","author":"Woody","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005_bib111","unstructured":"Yuen, P. K. (1994). Social anxiety and the allocation of attention: Evaluation using facial stimuli in a dot-probe paradigm. Unpublished research project, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK."}],"container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272735804000984?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272735804000984?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T03:57:10Z","timestamp":1759463830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272735804000984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272735804000984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-7358","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Attention processes in the maintenance and treatment of social phobia: hypervigilance, avoidance and self-focused attention","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Psychology Review","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}