{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:25:18Z","timestamp":1789622718769,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,21]],"date-time":"2004-10-21T11:29:22Z","timestamp":1098358162000},"page":"909-931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Childhood nocturnal enuresis: Developing a conceptual framework"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Butler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000052242","article-title":"The arginine\u2013vasopressin section profile of children with primary nocturnal enuresis","volume":"33","author":"Aikawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib2","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.62.8.866","article-title":"My enuresis","volume":"62","author":"Anon.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(74)90111-9","article-title":"Dry-bed training: Rapid elimination of childhood enuresis","volume":"12","author":"Azrin","year":"1974","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(78)80077-X","article-title":"Rapid elimination of enuresis by intensive learning without a conditioning apparatus","volume":"9","author":"Azrin","year":"1978","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib6","first-page":"222","article-title":"Enuresis in twins","volume":"121","author":"Bakwin","year":"1971","journal-title":"American Journal of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(82)90036-5","article-title":"A 2 year follow up of bedwetters treated by dry bed training and standard conditioning","volume":"20","author":"Bollard","year":"1982","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(81)90005-X","article-title":"A comparison of dry-bed training and standard urine-alarm conditioning treatment of childhood bedwetting","volume":"19","author":"Bollard","year":"1981","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(82)90098-5","article-title":"A component analysis of dry bed training for treatment of bedwetting","volume":"20","author":"Bollard","year":"1982","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(82)90139-5","article-title":"Dry-bed training for childhood bedwetting: A comparison of group with individually administered parent instruction","volume":"20","author":"Bollard","year":"1982","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3109\/00365599409180511","article-title":"Nocturnal enuresis: Change of nocturnal voiding pattern during alarm treatment","volume":"28","author":"Bonde","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1996.13618.x","article-title":"The epidemiology of childhood enuresis in Australia","volume":"78","author":"Bower","year":"1996","journal-title":"British Journal of Urology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 183","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib13","first-page":"61","article-title":"Combination therapy for nocturnal enuresis with desmopressin and an alarm device","volume":"31","author":"Bradbury","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1300\/J019v06n03_02","article-title":"The dry-bed method for the treatment of enuresis","volume":"6","author":"Breit","year":"1984","journal-title":"Child & Family Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib15","series-title":"The child within: The exploration of personal construct theory with young people","author":"Butler","year":"1998"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1998.00004.x","article-title":"The effectiveness of desmopressin in the treatment of childhood nocturnal enuresis: Predicting response using pre-treatment variables","volume":"81","author":"Butler","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib17","series-title":"Nocturnal enuresis: Psychological perspectives","author":"Butler","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.66.2.267","article-title":"Establishment of working definitions in nocturnal enuresis","volume":"66","author":"Butler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib19","series-title":"Nocturnal enuresis: The child's experience","author":"Butler","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/003655901750291908","article-title":"Impact of nocturnal enuresis on children and young people","volume":"35","author":"Butler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(86)90190-7","article-title":"Maternal attributions and tolerance for nocturnal enuresis","volume":"2","author":"Butler","year":"1986","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00740.x","article-title":"A comparison of two approaches to the treatment of nocturnal enuresis and the prediction of effectiveness using pre-treatment variables","volume":"29","author":"Butler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib23","first-page":"237","article-title":"The body worn alarm in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis","volume":"44","author":"Butler","year":"1990","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1080\/003655900750042022","article-title":"The three systems: A conceptual way of understanding nocturnal enuresis","volume":"34","author":"Butler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65617-0","article-title":"Examination of the structured withdrawal program to prevent relapse of nocturnal enuresis","volume":"166","author":"Butler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(93)90103-2","article-title":"The maternal tolerance scale and nocturnal enuresis","volume":"3","author":"Butler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01581.x","article-title":"The child's construing of nocturnal enuresis: A method of inquiry and prediction of outcome","volume":"3","author":"Butler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib28","first-page":"39","article-title":"Children's notions about enuresis: And the implication for treatment","volume":"163","author":"Butler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1080\/003655902320248227","article-title":"Alarm treatment for childhood nocturnal enuresis: An investigation of within-treatment variables","volume":"36","author":"Butler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590410025371","article-title":"Investigating the three systems approach to complex childhood nocturnal enuresis: Medical treatment interventions","volume":"38","author":"Butler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590310025470","article-title":"An exploration of outcome criteria in nocturnal enuresis treatment: The way forward","volume":"38","author":"Butler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)57882-9","article-title":"Oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan) in enuresis","volume":"118","author":"Buttarazzi","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib33","first-page":"414","article-title":"Bed-wetting in US children: Epidemiology and related behaviour problems","volume":"98","author":"Byrd","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib34","first-page":"459","article-title":"Nocturnal enuresis and daytime wetting: A multicentric trial with oxybutynin and desmopressin","volume":"31","author":"Caione","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatric Urology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1998.00015.x","article-title":"An Italian epidemiological multicentre study of nocturnal enuresis","volume":"81","author":"Chiozza","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1080\/003655902320131884","article-title":"An investigation of the impact of nocturnal enuresis on children's self-concept","volume":"36","author":"Collier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib37","series-title":"Encyclopedia of clinical assessment","first-page":"286","article-title":"Enuresis and encopresis","author":"Collins","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.80.5.448","article-title":"Plasma vasopressin and response to treatment in primary nocturnal enuresis","volume":"80","author":"Devitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib39","first-page":"118","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for childhood nocturnal enuresis","volume":"84","author":"Devlin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Irish Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.65.10.1158","article-title":"Predicting treatment outcome in nocturnal enuresis","volume":"65","author":"Devlin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1983.tb13723.x","article-title":"Childhood nocturnal enuresis: Factors associated with outcome of treatment with an enuresis alarm","volume":"25","author":"Dische","year":"1983","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 183","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib42","first-page":"75","article-title":"What is acceptable treatment outcome?","volume":"31","author":"Djurhuus","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.84.1.30","article-title":"Behavioral treatments for nocturnal enuresis in children: A review of the recent literature","volume":"84","author":"Doleys","year":"1977","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01635.x","article-title":"Hypnotherapy as a treatment for enuresis","volume":"26","author":"Edwards","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0795-354","article-title":"Assignment of dominant inherited nocturnal enuresis (ENUR1) to chromosome 13q","volume":"10","author":"Eiberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"Suppl. 183","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib46","first-page":"41","article-title":"Spot urine osmolality, age and bladder capacity as predictors of response to desmopressin in nocturnal enuresis","volume":"31","author":"Eller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1976.tb04204.x","article-title":"Nocturnal enuresis in childhood","volume":"18","author":"Essen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02390.x","article-title":"A 6 year follow up of childhood enuresis: Prevalence in adolescence and consequences for mental health","volume":"26","author":"Feehan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.94.5.662","article-title":"Nocturnal enuresis and behavioural problems in adolescence: 15-year longitudinal study","volume":"94","author":"Fergusson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.78.5.884","article-title":"Factors related to the age of attainment of nocturnal bladder control: An 8 year longitudinal study","volume":"78","author":"Fergusson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1990.tb00618.x","article-title":"Secondary enuresis in a birth cohort of New Zealand children","volume":"4","author":"Fergusson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(80)90089-3","article-title":"The response of day and night wetting children and children who wet only at night to retention control training and the enuresis alarm","volume":"18","author":"Fielding","year":"1980","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(82)90008-0","article-title":"An analysis of the behaviour of day and night-wetting children: Towards a modal of micturition control","volume":"20","author":"Fielding","year":"1982","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(82)90010-9","article-title":"Effect of varying alarm schedules on acquisition and relapse parameters in the conditioning treatment of enuresis","volume":"20","author":"Finley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"Suppl. 17","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib55","first-page":"101","article-title":"Treatment of nocturnal enuresis with the bell and pad system","author":"Fly Hansen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.64.5.651","article-title":"Controlled trial of standard pad and bell alarm against mini alarm for nocturnal enuresis","volume":"64","author":"Fordham","year":"1989","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.64.6.879","article-title":"Fifty years of enuresis alarms","volume":"64","author":"Forsythe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.77.4.482","article-title":"Childhood enuresis: Prevalence, perceived impact and prescribed treatments","volume":"77","author":"Foxman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Paediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib60","first-page":"947","article-title":"EEG sleep patterns in enuresis: A further analysis and comparison with normal controls","volume":"17","author":"Gillin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00092.x","article-title":"Dry bed training in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis in childhood: A research report","volume":"23","author":"Griffiths","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 183","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib62","first-page":"79","article-title":"Self-esteem before and after treatment in children with nocturnal enuresis and urinary incontinence","volume":"31","author":"Hagglof","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.1998.7.7.403","article-title":"Socio-demographic factors associated with nocturnal enuresis","volume":"7","author":"Hanafin","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1997.00429.x","article-title":"A possible explanation of wet and dry nights in enuretic children","volume":"80","author":"Hansen","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1981.02130330021007","article-title":"Parental perceptions of enuresis: A collaborative study","volume":"135","author":"Haque","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Journal of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.2307\/1128249","article-title":"Pleasure derived from challenge and the effects of receiving grades on children's difficulty level choices","volume":"49","author":"Harter","year":"1978","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02009667","article-title":"Incontinence and micturition habits in 7 year old Swedish school entrants","volume":"149","author":"Hellstrom","year":"1990","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65431-4","article-title":"Dry bed training by parents: Results of a group instruction program","volume":"156","author":"Hirasing","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib69","first-page":"84","article-title":"Bedwetting in adults","author":"Hirasing","year":"1997","journal-title":"ICCS Abstracts (Paris)"},{"issue":"Suppl. 202","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/00365599950510274","article-title":"Desmopressin treatment: Current status","volume":"33","author":"Hjalmas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1998.00826.x","article-title":"Long-term treatment with desmopressin in children with primary mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis: An open multi-centre study","volume":"82","author":"Hjalmas","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(05)80173-X","article-title":"Nocturnal enuresis as a bio-behavioral problem","volume":"22","author":"Houts","year":"1991","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"Suppl. 17","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib73","first-page":"83","article-title":"Behavioural treatment for enuresis","author":"Houts","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.62.4.737","article-title":"Effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological treatments for nocturnal enuresis","volume":"62","author":"Houts","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(86)80075-2","article-title":"Prevention of relapse in full-spectrum home training for primary enuresis: A components analysis","volume":"17","author":"Houts","year":"1986","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.55.6.902","article-title":"Filmed versus live delivery of full-spectrum home training for primary enuresis: Presenting the information is not enough","volume":"55","author":"Houts","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 183","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib77","first-page":"71","article-title":"The concept of outcome","volume":"31","author":"Hunt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1989.tb04068.x","article-title":"Developmental history and neurological findings in enuretic children","volume":"31","author":"Jarvelin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11863.x","article-title":"Aetiological and precipitating factors for childhood enuresis","volume":"80","author":"Jarvelin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00816.x","article-title":"Life changes and protective capacities in enuretic and non-enuretic children","volume":"31","author":"Jarvelin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10614.x","article-title":"Enuresis in 7 year old children","volume":"77","author":"Jarvelin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib82","series-title":"Clinical behaviour therapy and behaviour modification","first-page":"81","article-title":"Enuresis","author":"Johnson","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb18232.x","article-title":"Enuresis: Prevalence and associated factors among primary school children in Saudi Arabia","volume":"85","author":"Kalo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)56996-7","article-title":"Enuresis: Principles of management and result of treatment","volume":"121","author":"Kass","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 173","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib85","first-page":"49","article-title":"Micturition habits and bladder capacity in normal children and in patients with the desmopressin-resistant enuresis","author":"Kirk","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66002-6","article-title":"Provoked enuresis-like episodes in healthy children 7 to 12 years old","volume":"156","author":"Kirk","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00305302","article-title":"Long-term treatment of nocturnal enuresis with desmopressin","volume":"19","author":"Knudsen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Urological Research"},{"issue":"Suppl. 173","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib88","first-page":"103","article-title":"Why is desmopressin sometimes ineffective at curing bedwetting?","author":"Koff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib89","first-page":"115","article-title":"Effectiveness of oxybutynin hydrochloride in the treatment of enuresis nocturna","volume":"33","author":"Kosar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 163","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib90","first-page":"75","article-title":"On the epidemiology of nocturnal enuresis","author":"Krantz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2001.02321.x","article-title":"Treatment of primary mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis with desmopressin: Predictive factors","volume":"88","author":"Kruse","year":"2001","journal-title":"British Journal of Urology International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/003655999750016276","article-title":"Daytime bladder dysfunction in therapy resistant nocturnal enuresis","volume":"33","author":"Kruse","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65615-7","article-title":"Efficacy of desmopressin combined with alarm therapy for mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis","volume":"166","author":"Leebeek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 183","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib94","first-page":"47","article-title":"Differential diagnoses for nocturnal enuresis","volume":"31","author":"Lettgen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200012000-00020","article-title":"Attaining nocturnal urinary control; nocturnal enuresis and behavioural problems in Chinese children aged 6 through 16 years","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.S3.935","article-title":"Behavioral and self-concept changes after 6 months of enuresis treatment: A randomised, controlled trial","volume":"105","author":"Longstaffe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.82.1.104","article-title":"Oxybutynin efficacy in the treatment of primary enuresis","volume":"82","author":"Lovering","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(72)90046-0","article-title":"Critique of Turner, Young and Rachman's conditioning treatment for enuresis","volume":"10","author":"Lovibond","year":"1972","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1980.01780230057008","article-title":"Childhood enuresis 1: Sleep patterns and psychopathology","volume":"37","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80888-1","article-title":"Nocturnal enuresis: Experience with long-term use of intranasally administered desmopressin","volume":"4","author":"Miller","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl. 173","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib101","first-page":"119","article-title":"Predicting treatment outcome with conditioning alarms","author":"Moffatt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.92.3.420","article-title":"Desmopressin acetate and nocturnal enuresis: How much do we know?","volume":"92","author":"Moffatt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(87)80572-3","article-title":"Improvements in self-concept after treatment of nocturnal enuresis: Randomised controlled trial","volume":"110","author":"Moffatt","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67152-0","article-title":"Primary nocturnal enuresis: A comparison among observation, imipramine, desmopressin acetate and bedwetting alarm systems","volume":"154","author":"Monda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(78)90025-6","article-title":"Relapse and therapeutic response in the conditioning treatment of enuresis: A review of recent findings on intermittent reinforcement, overlearning and stimulus intensity","volume":"16","author":"Morgan","year":"1978","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(75)90018-2","article-title":"Parental attitudes and the conditioning treatment of childhood enuresis","volume":"13","author":"Morgan","year":"1975","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2002.03030.x","article-title":"Nocturnal enuresis in the adolescent: A neglected problem","volume":"90","author":"Nappo","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Journal of Urology International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib108","first-page":"577","article-title":"Efects of different methods of treatment of primary enuresis on psychologic functioning in children","volume":"131","author":"Netley","year":"1984","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65616-9","article-title":"Oxybutynin, desmopressin and enuresis","volume":"166","author":"Neveus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.6.1193","article-title":"Sleep of children with enuresis: A polysomnographic study","volume":"103","author":"Neveus","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66285-4","article-title":"Bladder capacity and renal concentrating ability in enuresis: Pathogenic implications","volume":"165","author":"Neveus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib112","series-title":"Incontinence","article-title":"Conservative management of urinary incontinence in children","author":"Nijman","year":"2002"},{"issue":"Suppl. 140","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib113","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pathophysiology of nocturnal enuresis","author":"Norgaard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922893032001S02","article-title":"The pathophysiology of enuresis in children and young adults","volume":"7","author":"Norgaard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl. 125","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib115","first-page":"73","article-title":"Nocturnal studies in enuretics: A polygraphic study of sleep\u2013EEG and bladder activity","author":"Norgaard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67385-3","article-title":"A pharmaco-dynamic study of desmopressin in patients with nocturnal enuresis","volume":"153","author":"Norgaard","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)47581-1","article-title":"Diurnal antidiuretic hormone levels in enuretics","volume":"134","author":"Norgaard","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1983.02140360026009","article-title":"Desmopressin response of enuretic children: Effects of age and frequency of enuresis","volume":"137","author":"Post","year":"1983","journal-title":"American Journal of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.73.4.298","article-title":"Asthma, enuresis and chronic illness: Long term impact on height","volume":"73","author":"Power","year":"1995","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X1993000100007","article-title":"Primary sleep enuresis in childhood: Polysomnographic evidence of sleep stage and time modulation","volume":"51","author":"Reimao","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1998.0810s3024.x","article-title":"Long-term use and tapered dose reduction of intranasal desmopressin in the treatment of enuretic children","volume":"81","author":"Ricabbona","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib122","first-page":"664","article-title":"Abnormal diurnal rhythm of plasma vasopressin and urinary output in patients with enuresis","volume":"256","author":"Rittig","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590310008857","article-title":"Self-construing in children with primary mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis","volume":"37","author":"Robinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07362.x","article-title":"Determinants of nocturnal enuresis in England and Scotland in the 90s","volume":"39","author":"Rona","year":"1997","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 173","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib125","first-page":"109","article-title":"Predictors of response to desmopressin in children and adolescents with mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis","author":"Rushton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65775-6","article-title":"The influence of small functional bladder capacity and other predictors on the response to desmopressin in the management of mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis","volume":"156","author":"Rushton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib127","series-title":"Childhood encopresis and enuresis: Causes and therapy","author":"Schaeffer","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00106-X","article-title":"Childhood nocturnal enuresis in The Netherlands","volume":"51","author":"Spee-Van wekke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatric Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922893032001S06","article-title":"Treatment with oral desmopressin in adolescents with primary nocturnal enuresis, efficacy and long-term effect","author":"Stenberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.94.6.841","article-title":"Desmopressin tablets in the treatment of severe nocturnal enuresis in adolescents","volume":"94","author":"Stenberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05495.x","article-title":"Personality traits in young adults with a history of conditioning-treated childhood enuresis","volume":"81","author":"Stromgren","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00595916","article-title":"Combined therapy of enuresis alarm and desmopressin in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis","volume":"148","author":"Sukhai","year":"1989","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-2838(02)00127-6","article-title":"Self-image and performance in children with nocturnal enuresis","volume":"41","author":"Theunis","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 202","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib133","first-page":"8","article-title":"Subtypes in monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis","volume":"33","author":"van Gool","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2002.02812.x","article-title":"High initial efficacy of full-spectrum therapy for nocturnal enuresis in children and adolescents","volume":"90","author":"Van Kempen","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Journal of Urology International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(93)90113-9","article-title":"Arousal training for children suffering from nocturnal enuresis: A 2 1\/2 year follow up","volume":"31","author":"Van Londen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1998.00018.x","article-title":"Perceived stress of nocturnal enuresis in childhood","volume":"81","author":"Van Tijen","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1985.tb00612.x","article-title":"The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis: Do DSM III criteria need to be changed?","volume":"26","author":"Verhulst","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib138","first-page":"27","article-title":"Desmopressin and imipramine in the management of nocturnal enuresis: A multicentre study","volume":"51","author":"Vertuzzi","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Paediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl. 183","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib139","first-page":"11","article-title":"Clinical enuresis phenotypes in familial nocturnal enuresis","volume":"31","author":"von Gontard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1998.00019.x","article-title":"Behavioural problems in children with urge incontinence and voiding postponement","volume":"81","author":"von Gontard","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80146-7","article-title":"A controlled comparison of two treatments for nocturnal enuresis","volume":"101","author":"Wagner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib142","first-page":"13","article-title":"Enuretic children: How they view their wetting behavior","volume":"16","author":"Wagner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Child Study Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00913478","article-title":"Childhood nocturnal enuresis: The prediction of premature withdrawal from behavioral conditioning","volume":"16","author":"Wagner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-198502000-00005","article-title":"The treatment of nocturnal enuresis: A controlled comparison of two models of urine alarm","volume":"6","author":"Wagner","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922893032001S09","article-title":"Psychosocial implications of nocturnal enuresis","volume":"7","author":"Warzak","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl. 173","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib146","first-page":"55","article-title":"Sleep patterns in children with nocturnal enuresis","author":"Watanabe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 183","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib147","first-page":"7","article-title":"Physiological background of enuresis Type 1: A preliminary report","volume":"31","author":"Watanabe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 173","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib148","first-page":"37","article-title":"Is small bladder capacity a cause of enuresis?","author":"Watanabe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.61.1.30","article-title":"Comparison of desmopressin and enuresis alarm for nocturnal enuresis","volume":"61","author":"Wille","year":"1986","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13481.x","article-title":"Social and behavioural perspectives in enuretics, former enuretics and non-enuretic controls","volume":"84","author":"Wille","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"issue":"Suppl. 202","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/003655999750169402","article-title":"Sleep arousal function in enuretic males","volume":"33","author":"Wolfish","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib152","series-title":"The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Diagnostic criteria for research","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)68062-5","article-title":"Bladder dysfunction in children with refractory mono-symptomatic primary nocturnal enuresis","volume":"162","author":"Yeung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2002.02884.x","article-title":"Reduction in nocturnal functional bladder capacity is a common factor in the pathogenesis of refractory nocturnal enuresis","volume":"90","author":"Yeung","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Journal of Urology International"}],"container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272735804000789?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272735804000789?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T03:55:01Z","timestamp":1759463701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272735804000789"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"references-count":154,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272735804000789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-7358","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Childhood nocturnal enuresis: Developing a conceptual framework","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Psychology Review","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}