{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:15:14Z","timestamp":1792012514140,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":183,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,14]],"date-time":"2006-02-14T07:09:13Z","timestamp":1139900953000},"page":"466-485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":358,"title":["Neuropsychological functioning in people with ADHD across the lifespan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Larry J.","family":"Seidman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib1","volume":"vol. 1","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib2","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: Fourth edition text revision (DSM-IV-TR)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199804000-00003","article-title":"Gender differences in ADHD?","volume":"19","author":"Arcia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01670100","article-title":"Sex differences in ADHD: Conference summary","volume":"24","author":"Arnold","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00609-7","article-title":"Methylphenidate improves response inhibition in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"54","author":"Aron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00919454","article-title":"Comorbidity of ADHD and reading disability among clinic-referred children","volume":"18","author":"August","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib7","series-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment","author":"Barkley","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.1.65","article-title":"Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD","volume":"121","author":"Barkley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00916547","article-title":"Frontal lobe functions in attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: A review and research report","volume":"20","author":"Barkley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617797003597","article-title":"Sense of time in children with ADHD: Effects of duration, distraction, and stimulant medication","volume":"3","author":"Barkley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.15.3.351","article-title":"Time perception and reproduction in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"15","author":"Barkley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/108705479600100104","article-title":"Psychological adjustment and adaptive impairments in young adults with ADHD","volume":"1","author":"Barkley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Attention Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00914263","article-title":"Short-term serial recall in ADDH, normal, and reading-disabled boys","volume":"16","author":"Benezra","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib14","series-title":"Multilingual aphasia examination","author":"Benton","year":"1983"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3102_09","article-title":"Response inhibition, hyperactivity, and conduct problems among preschool children","volume":"31","author":"Berlin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.108.1.90","article-title":"Effects of methylphenidate on complex cognitive processing in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"108","author":"Berman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.4.1087","article-title":"Cerebellum in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"50","author":"Berquin","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Academy of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.76.5.801","article-title":"Girls with attention deficit disorder: A silent minority? A report on behavioral and cognitive characteristics","volume":"76","author":"Berry","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Supplement 7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib19","first-page":"4","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A life span perspective","volume":"59","author":"Biederman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810310051009","article-title":"Evidence of familial association between attention deficit disorder and major affective disorders","volume":"48","author":"Biederman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.12.1792","article-title":"Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, cognition, and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"150","author":"Biederman","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.5.816","article-title":"Age-dependent decline of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Impact of remission definition and symptom type","volume":"157","author":"Biederman","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.1.36","article-title":"Influence of gender on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children referred to a psychiatric clinic","volume":"159","author":"Biederman","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.5.757","article-title":"Impact of executive function deficits and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder on academic outcomes in children","volume":"72","author":"Biederman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00783.x","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioral differences in ADHD boys and girls","volume":"30","author":"Breen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790270044004","article-title":"Attention dysfunction and psychopathology in college men","volume":"42","author":"Buchsbaum","year":"1985","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00083-9","article-title":"Anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction in attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder revealed by fMRI and the counting stroop","volume":"45","author":"Bush","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001217","article-title":"The Multi-Source Interference Task: Validation study with fMRI in individual subjects","volume":"8","author":"Bush","year":"2003","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.034","article-title":"Functional neuroimaging of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A review and suggested future directions","volume":"57","author":"Bush","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1998)6:4<270::AID-HBM6>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"The Counting Stroop: An interference task specialized for functional neuroimaging-validation study with functional MRI","volume":"6","author":"Bush","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.20.5.613.1121","article-title":"Clinical assessment of psychopharmacological treatment of preschoolers with ADHD","volume":"20","author":"Byrne","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1076\/chin.4.1.49.3193","article-title":"Assessment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in preschoolers","volume":"4","author":"Byrne","year":"1998","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/3.4.168","article-title":"The prevalence of academic underachievement in hyperactive children","volume":"3","author":"Cantwell","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(94)02509-H","article-title":"Abnormal processing of irrelevant information in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"56","author":"Carter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)00217-Q","article-title":"Asymmetrical visual\u2013spatial attentional performance in ADHD: Evidence for a right hemispheric deficit","volume":"37","author":"Carter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib36","first-page":"374","article-title":"Implication of right frontostriatal circuitry in response inhibition and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"36","author":"Casey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.3.289","article-title":"Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in girls with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"58","author":"Castellanos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830070053009","article-title":"Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"53","author":"Castellanos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.14.1740","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of brain volume abnormalities in children and adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"288","author":"Castellanos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib40","first-page":"644","article-title":"Executive function oculomotor tasks in girls with ADHD","volume":"39","author":"Castellanos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib41","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/14.4.373","article-title":"Neuropsychological performance of adults evidencing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"14","author":"Corbett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/NP.2004.1","article-title":"Inhibitory deficits, delay aversion and preschool AD\/HD: Implications for the dual pathway model","volume":"11","author":"Dalen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neural Plasticity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00915438","article-title":"Attention styles and peer relationships of hyperactive and normal boys and girls","volume":"14","author":"DeHaas","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib45","first-page":"155","article-title":"Executive function, the overlap zone between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities","volume":"4","author":"Denckla","year":"1989","journal-title":"International Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073891006001S06","article-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, residual type","volume":"6","author":"Denckla","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Child Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1076\/1385-4046(199911)13:04;1-Y;FT458","article-title":"Early clinical assessment of attention","volume":"13","author":"DeWolfe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2626(01)80046-4","article-title":"Adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: Neuropsychological correlates and clinical presentation","volume":"46","author":"Dinn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1037\/h0082313","article-title":"Stop, look and listen: The problem of sustained attention and impulse control in hyperactive and normal children","volume":"4","author":"Douglas","year":"1972","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199701000-00006","article-title":"Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Psychological test profiles in a clinical population","volume":"185","author":"Downey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.3.477","article-title":"Diagnostic efficiency of neuropsychological test scores for discriminating boys with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"68","author":"Doyle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib52","first-page":"508","article-title":"Preschool children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: Impairments in behavioral, social, and school functioning","volume":"40","author":"DuPaul","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1076\/clin.12.2.155.2000","article-title":"Continuous performance test results of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"12","author":"Epstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Clinical Neuropsychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.23.3.362.1186","article-title":"Neuropsychological assessment of response inhibition in adults with ADHD","volume":"23","author":"Epstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.8.1209","article-title":"High midbrain [18F]DOPA accumulation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"156","author":"Ernst","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00240-6","article-title":"Neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"44","author":"Faraone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.1.112","article-title":"A family-genetic study of girls with DSM-III attention deficit disorder","volume":"148","author":"Faraone","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.6.891","article-title":"Evidence for the independent familial transmission of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities: Results from a family genetic study","volume":"150","author":"Faraone","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01146-5","article-title":"A family study of psychiatric comorbidity in girls and boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"50","author":"Faraone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.7.1077","article-title":"Family study of girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"157","author":"Faraone","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1177\/108705470100400404","article-title":"A psychometric measure of learning disability predicts educational failure four years later in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"4","author":"Faraone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Attention Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00889-1","article-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: An overview","volume":"48","author":"Faraone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib63","first-page":"185","article-title":"Psychiatric neuropsychological and psychosocial features of DSM-IV subtypes of attention-deficit\/hypeactivity disorder: Results from a clinically referred sample","volume":"37","author":"Faraone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.58.5.580","article-title":"The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria: II. Academic, attentional, and neuropsychological status","volume":"58","author":"Fischer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949202500903","article-title":"The validity of discrepancy-based definitions of reading disabilities","volume":"25","author":"Fletcher","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.86.1.6","article-title":"Cognitive profiles of reading disability: Comparisons of discrepancy and low achievement definitions","volume":"86","author":"Fletcher","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.18.3.543","article-title":"Meta-analysis of intellectual and neuropsychological test performance in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"18","author":"Frazier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.59.2.289","article-title":"Academic underachievement and the disruptive behavior disorders","volume":"59","author":"Frick","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib70","series-title":"The prefrontal cortex","author":"Fuster","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199812000-00006","article-title":"Are there cognitive subtypes in adult attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder?","volume":"186","author":"Gansler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib72","first-page":"1036","article-title":"Gender differences in ADHD: A meta-analysis and critical review","volume":"36","author":"Gaub","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.5.665","article-title":"Quantitative morphology of the corpus callosum in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"151","author":"Giedd","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib74","series-title":"Stroop color and word test: A manual for clinical and experimental use","author":"Golden","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib75","series-title":"Psychopathology and the brain","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prefrontal cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia: The relevance of working memory","author":"Goldman-Rakic","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib76","series-title":"Gordon diagnostic system","author":"Gordon","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1076\/clin.13.1.12.1983","article-title":"The predictive power of frontal lobe tests in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"13","author":"Grodzinsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Clinical Neuropsychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649209540536","article-title":"Frontal lobe functioning in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"8","author":"Grodzinsky","year":"1992","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1977.44.2.367","article-title":"Paced auditory-serial addition task; A measure of recovery from concussion","volume":"44","author":"Gronwall","year":"1977","journal-title":"Perceptual and Motor Skills"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-198512000-00005","article-title":"Attention deficit disorders in adults","volume":"8","author":"Gualtieri","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00913458","article-title":"Reading-disabled hyperactive children: A distinct subgroup of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity","volume":"12","author":"Halperin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-003-0056-0","article-title":"Age-dependent neuropsychological deficits and effects of methylphenidate in children with attentiondeficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A comparison of pre- and grade-school children","volume":"111","author":"Hanisch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00956.x","article-title":"The performance of hyperactive and control preschoolers on a new computerized measure of visual vigilance: The Preschool Vigilance Task","volume":"33","author":"Harper","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib84","series-title":"Wisconsin card sort test manual: Revised and expanded","author":"Heaton","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib85","first-page":"553","article-title":"Long-term outcome in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"1","author":"Hechtman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S76","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073891006001S09","article-title":"A possible pathophysiologic substrate of attention deficit disorder hyperactivity disorder","volume":"6","author":"Heilman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Child Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.18.3.485","article-title":"The neuropsychology of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review","volume":"18","author":"Hervey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.5.1099","article-title":"Preadolescent girls with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: II. Neuropsychological performance in relation to subtypes and individual classification","volume":"70","author":"Hinshaw","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib89","first-page":"282","article-title":"Speed of processing and verbal learning deficits in adults diagnosed with attention deficit disorder","volume":"8","author":"Holdnack","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1979.tb00504.x","article-title":"Cognitive style in adults originally diagnosed as hyperactives","volume":"20","author":"Hopkins","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00910773","article-title":"Sex differences in school-aged children with pervasive attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"17","author":"Horn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389901401206","article-title":"Differential patterns of executive function in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder according to gender and subtype","volume":"14","author":"Houghton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Child Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/16.6.587","article-title":"Neuropsychological performance deficits in adults with attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"16","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020859629994","article-title":"Neurocognitive performance of 5- and 6-year-old children who met criteria for attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder at 18 months follow-up: Results from a prospective population study","volume":"30","author":"Kalff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199205)48:3<371::AID-JCLP2270480316>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Learning styles of LD and NLD ADHD children","volume":"48","author":"Katarina","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799008338","article-title":"Executive function and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Stimulant medication and better executive function performance in children","volume":"29","author":"Kempton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-19860101-12","article-title":"Attention deficits in adults","volume":"16","author":"Klee","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychiatric Annals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib98","first-page":"1148","article-title":"Executive functioning deficits in attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder are independent of oppositional defiant or reading disorder","volume":"38","author":"Klorman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.12.2.289","article-title":"Factor structure of the wisconsin card sorting test: Dimensions of deficit in schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Koren","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459808986470","article-title":"Neuropsychological testing in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A pilot study","volume":"96","author":"Kovner","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00918160","article-title":"The prevalence of learning disabilities in a sample of children considered hyperactive","volume":"8","author":"Lambert","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.70.3.387","article-title":"The dimension of inattention among children with school problems","volume":"70","author":"Levine","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00545.x","article-title":"Impulsivity and inhibitory control","volume":"8","author":"Logan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01494.x","article-title":"Error patterns on the continuous performance test in non-medicated and medicated samples of children with and without ADHD: A meta-analytic review","volume":"37","author":"Loiser","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617799533055","article-title":"Neuropsychological performance of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Diagnostic classification estimates for measures of frontal lobe\/executive functioning","volume":"5","author":"Lovejoy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820190067007","article-title":"Adult outcome of hyperactive boys: Educational achievement, occupational rank and psychiatric status","volume":"50","author":"Mannuzza","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649709540671","article-title":"Neuropsychological and academic functioning in preschool boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"13","author":"Mariani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib108","first-page":"186","article-title":"Neuropsychological correlates of familial attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults","volume":"9","author":"Matochik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(80)90017-6","article-title":"The role of frontal lobe dysfunction in childhood hyperkinesis","volume":"21","author":"Mattes","year":"1980","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010377530749","article-title":"Symptom properties as a function of ADHD type: An argument for continued study of sluggish cognitive tempo","volume":"29","author":"McBurnett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib111","first-page":"64","article-title":"Time perception differences in children with and without ADHD","volume":"17","author":"Meaux","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics and Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib112","series-title":"Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science","first-page":"373","article-title":"Nuisance variables and the ex post facto design","author":"Meehl","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280502","article-title":"Large-scale neurocognitive networks and distributed processing for attention, language and memory","volume":"28","author":"Mesulam","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.1.40","article-title":"Misunderstanding analysis of covariance","volume":"110","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1963.00460070100010","article-title":"Effects of different brain lesions on card sorting","volume":"9","author":"Milner","year":"1963","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01109051","article-title":"Analysis of the elements of attention: A neuropsychological approach","volume":"2","author":"Mirsky","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuropsychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734","article-title":"The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to frontal lobe tasks: A latent variable analysis","volume":"41","author":"Miyake","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.15.2.211","article-title":"Executive functioning and olfactory identification in young adults with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder","volume":"15","author":"Murphy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib119","first-page":"1407","article-title":"Effects of methylphenidate on preschool children with ADHD: Cognitive and behavioral functions","volume":"36","author":"Musten","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib120","first-page":"137","article-title":"Symptom profiles in children with ADHD: Effects of comorbidity and gender","volume":"40","author":"Newcorn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021980002473","article-title":"The ADHD response-inhibition deficit as measured by the stop task: Replication with DSM-IV combined type, extension, and qualification","volume":"27","author":"Nigg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib122","first-page":"59","article-title":"Neuropsychological executive functions and DSM-IV ADHD subtypes","volume":"41","author":"Nigg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.08.025","article-title":"Causal heterogeneity in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: Do we need neuropsychologically impaired subtypes?","volume":"57","author":"Nigg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.03.010","article-title":"Toward a new neuropsychological model of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: Subtypes and multiple deficits","volume":"57","author":"Pennington","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.29.3.511","article-title":"Contrasting cognitive deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder versus reading disability","volume":"29","author":"Pennington","year":"1993","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x","article-title":"Executive functions and developmental psychopathology","volume":"37","author":"Pennington","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325","article-title":"The attention system of the human brain","volume":"13","author":"Posner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib128","first-page":"21","article-title":"Dextroamphetamine: Cognitive and behavioral effects in normal and hyperactive boys and normal adult males","volume":"16","author":"Rapoport","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1076\/clin.15.4.479.1878","article-title":"Executive functioning in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"15","author":"Rapport","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Clinical Neuropsychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1958.8.3.271","article-title":"Validity of the trail making test as an indicator of organic brain damage","volume":"8","author":"Reitan","year":"1958","journal-title":"Perceptual and Motor Skills"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/002246698401800403","article-title":"Critical measurement issues in learning disabilities","volume":"18","author":"Reynolds","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Special Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043220","article-title":"A continuous performance test of brain damage","volume":"20","author":"Rosvold","year":"1956","journal-title":"Journal of Counsulting Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(97)90065-1","article-title":"Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Assessment guidelines based on clinical presentation to a specialty clinic","volume":"38","author":"Roy-Byrne","year":"1997","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023233630774","article-title":"Motor timing deficits in community and clinical ADHD boys with hyperactive behavior: The effect of methylphenidate on motor timing","volume":"31","author":"Rubia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib135","first-page":"530","article-title":"Psychiatric, psychosocial, and cognitive functioning of female adolescents with ADHD","volume":"40","author":"Rucklidge","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940003300111","article-title":"Right hemisphere dysfunction in ADHD: Visual hemispatial inattention and clinical subtype","volume":"33","author":"Sandson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389801300607","article-title":"Gender study of neuropsychological and neuromotor function in children with Tourette syndrome with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"13","author":"Schuerholz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Child Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.2.278","article-title":"Alterations in the functional anatomy of working memory in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"157","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01675.x","article-title":"Performance of children with ADHD on the Rey\u2013Osterrieth complex figure: A pilot neuropsychological study","volume":"36","author":"Seidman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib140","first-page":"1015","article-title":"Effects of family history and comorbidity on the neuropsychological performance of ADHD children: Preliminary findings","volume":"34","author":"Seidman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.65.1.150","article-title":"Toward defining a neuropsychology of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: Performance of children and adolescents from a large clinically referred sample","volume":"65","author":"Seidman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.15.4.544","article-title":"Learning disabilities and executive dysfunction in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"15","author":"Seidman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326942dn2701_4","article-title":"Impact of gender and age on executive functioning: Do girls and boys with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder differ neuropsychologically in pre-teen and teenage years?","volume":"27","author":"Seidman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.2.252","article-title":"Neuropsychological functioning in nonreferred siblings of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"109","author":"Seidman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00392-2","article-title":"Neuropsychological function in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"44","author":"Seidman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib146","series-title":"Psychiatry","article-title":"Neuropsychological testing and neurophysiological assessment","author":"Seidman","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2003.12.005","article-title":"Neuropsychological function in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"27","author":"Seidman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib148","series-title":"Harvard guide to psychiatry","first-page":"40","article-title":"The clinical use of psychological and neuropsychological tests (Chapter 3)","author":"Seidman","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2004.01.002","article-title":"Brain function and structure in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"27","author":"Seidman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.019","article-title":"Structural brain imaging of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"57","author":"Seidman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib151","unstructured":"Seidman, L., Biederman, J., Valera, E., Monuteaux, M., Doyle, A. E.,Faraone, S. (in press). Neuropsychological functioning in girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without learning disabilities. Neuropsychology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib152","first-page":"439","article-title":"Comorbidity between ADHD and learning disability: A review and report in a clinically referred sample","volume":"31","author":"Semrud-Clikeman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib153","first-page":"477","article-title":"Using MRI to examine brain-behavior relationships in males with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity","volume":"39","author":"Semrud-Clikeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2003.08.004","article-title":"The top and bottom of ADHD: A neuropsychological perspective","volume":"27","author":"Sergeant","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00430-2","article-title":"How specific is a deficit of executive functioning for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder?","volume":"130","author":"Sergeant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib156","first-page":"553","article-title":"Time estimation could be impaired in male, but not female adults with attention deficits","volume":"48","author":"Seri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib157","first-page":"40","article-title":"ADHD in girls: Clinical comparability of a research sample","volume":"38","author":"Sharp","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049508400223","article-title":"Interrelationships between reading disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"1","author":"Shaywitz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib159","first-page":"463","article-title":"Methylphenidate in G-hydroxydopamine treated developing rat pups","volume":"35","author":"Shaywitz","year":"1978","journal-title":"Child Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.9.2.157","article-title":"Multiple sources of attentional dysfunction in adults with Tourette's syndrome: Comparison with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder","volume":"9","author":"Silverstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00043","article-title":"Evidence for a pure time perception deficit in children with ADHD","volume":"43","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02296.x","article-title":"Annotation: On dysfunction and function in psychological theories of childhood disorder","volume":"35","author":"Sonuga-Barke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.09.008","article-title":"Causal models of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: From common simple deficits to multiple developmental pathways","volume":"57","author":"Sonuga-Barke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326942DN2103_3","article-title":"Are planning, working memory, and inhibition associated with individual differences in preschool ADHD symptoms?","volume":"21","author":"Sonuga-Barke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib165","first-page":"409","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder across the lifecycle: A literature review","volume":"35","author":"Spencer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.5.693","article-title":"Effectiveness and tolerability of tomoxetine in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"155","author":"Spencer","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Still, G. (1902). The Coulstonian lectures on some abnormal physical conditions in children. Lecture 1. Lancet, 1008-1012, 1077-1082, 1163-1168.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)74901-X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054651","article-title":"Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions","volume":"18","author":"Stroop","year":"1935","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00304","article-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Advances in cognitive, neurobiological and genetic research","volume":"39","author":"Tannock","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00916508","article-title":"Effects of methylphenidate on inhibitory control in hyperactive children","volume":"17","author":"Tannock","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.95.4.341","article-title":"Comparative analysis of attentional deficits in hyperactive and learning-disabled children","volume":"95","author":"Tarnowski","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/108705479700200202","article-title":"Neuropsychological assessment of attention in ADHD adults","volume":"2","author":"Taylor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Attention Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib173","series-title":"The Rey\u2013Osterrieth handbook","article-title":"Performance of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disordered children on the Rey\u2013Osterrieth complex figure","author":"Teknos","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00173","article-title":"Time perception deficits in attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid reading difficulties in child and adolescent samples","volume":"44","author":"Toplak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.034","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomy of working memory in adults with ADHD","volume":"57","author":"Valera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/00001163-200604000-00003","article-title":"Neurobiology of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in preschoolers","volume":"19","author":"Valera","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infants and Young Children"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1076\/1380-3395(200002)22:1;1-8;FT115","article-title":"Neuropsychological functioning of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"22","author":"Walker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib178","series-title":"Manual for the Wechsler adult intelligence scale \u2014 Revised","author":"Wechsler","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib179","series-title":"Wechsler adult intelligence scale III [manual]","author":"Wechsler","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649809540734","article-title":"Neuropsychological performance of a sample of adults with ADHD, developmental reading disorder, and controls","volume":"14","author":"Weyandt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/02643299408251969","article-title":"Attentional processes and dyslexia","volume":"11","author":"Whyte","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.006","article-title":"Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review","volume":"57","author":"Willcutt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.1.157","article-title":"A comparison of the cognitive deficits in reading disability and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"110","author":"Willcutt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/17.4.351","article-title":"Comparative efficiency of a discrepancy analysis for the classification of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in adults","volume":"17","author":"Woods","year":"2002","journal-title":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272735806000055?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272735806000055?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T03:59:13Z","timestamp":1759463953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272735806000055"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"references-count":183,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272735806000055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-7358","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neuropsychological functioning in people with ADHD across the lifespan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Psychology Review","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}