{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:58:03Z","timestamp":1790985483829,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,14]],"date-time":"2006-12-14T07:10:44Z","timestamp":1166080244000},"page":"307-317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Stress and psychosis: Towards the development of new models of investigation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Lisa J.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shona M.","family":"Francey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"McMurray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.66.2.329","article-title":"Person and contextual features of daily stress reactivity: Individual differences in relations of undesirable daily events with mood disturbance and chronic pain intensity","volume":"66","author":"Affleck","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.148.1.12","article-title":"Life events and schizophrenia: A Saudi Arabian study","volume":"148","author":"Al Khani","year":"1986","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.2.235","article-title":"Life events and mania: A special relationship?","volume":"150","author":"Ambelas","year":"1987","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib4","series-title":"Manual for the Schedule of Recent Experiences (SRE)","author":"Amundsen","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.131.3.241","article-title":"An overview of schizophrenia from a predominately psychological approach","volume":"131","author":"Arieti","year":"1974","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(02)00226-3","article-title":"Expressed emotion in relatives of first-episode and chronic patient with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder: A comparison","volume":"112","author":"Bachman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(87)90037-0","article-title":"Comparative study of schizophrenic patients relapsed on and off medication","volume":"22","author":"Bartk\u00f3","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.162.1.72","article-title":"Life events and psychosis: Initial results from the Camberwell Collaborative Psychosis Study","volume":"162","author":"Bebbington","year":"1993","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1972.01750200027006","article-title":"Precipitating stress, crisis theory and hospitalization in schizophrenia and depression","volume":"26","author":"Beck","year":"1972","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib10","first-page":"283","article-title":"DSM-III-R brief reactive psychosis among Air Force recruits","volume":"53","author":"Beighley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.9.1349","article-title":"Establishing the onset of psychotic illness","volume":"150","author":"Beiser","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(01)00106-4","article-title":"Persecutory delusions: A review and theoretical integration","volume":"21","author":"Bentall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-003-0596-5","article-title":"Traumatic events, migration characteristics and psychiatric symptoms among Somali refugees: Preliminary communication","volume":"38","author":"Bhui","year":"2003","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2307\/2948405","article-title":"Crises and life changes and the onset of schizophrenia","volume":"9","author":"Brown","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.121.3.241","article-title":"Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic disorders: A replication","volume":"121","author":"Brown","year":"1972","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib18","first-page":"159","article-title":"Life events and psychiatric disorders: Part 2: Nature of the causal link","volume":"3","author":"Brown","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychiatric Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00314-2","article-title":"Positive symptoms of psychosis in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"39","author":"Butler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.6.547","article-title":"Expressed emotion and psychiatric relapse: A meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Butzlaff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1985.tb01276.x","article-title":"Life events and schizophrenia: A replication","volume":"71","author":"Canton","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandanivica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.1.12","article-title":"Schizophrenia and migration: A meta-analysis and review","volume":"162","author":"Cantor-Graae","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(98)00017-X","article-title":"The role of life events in onset and recurrent episodes of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder","volume":"32","author":"Castine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06409.x","article-title":"A clinical study of reactive psychosis","volume":"78","author":"Chaven","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02191572","article-title":"Post-psychotic depression in schizophrenia","volume":"243","author":"Chintalapudi","year":"1993","journal-title":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.148.6.680","article-title":"Threatening life events in the onset of schizophrenia, schizophreniform psychosis and hypomania","volume":"148","author":"Chung","year":"1986","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/4.4.546","article-title":"Schizophrenia and social networks: Ex-patients in the inner city","volume":"4","author":"Cohen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/002076409704300105","article-title":"Life events preceding relapse of schizophrenia","volume":"43","author":"Das","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00122563","article-title":"Stressful life events preceding the acute onset of schizophrenia: A cross-national study from the World Health Organisation","volume":"11","author":"Day","year":"1987","journal-title":"Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.1.2.119","article-title":"Relationship of daily hassles, uplifts and major life events to health status","volume":"1","author":"DeLongis","year":"1982","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.3.486","article-title":"The impact of daily stress on health and mood: Psychological and social resources as mediators","volume":"54","author":"DeLongis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib32","series-title":"Stressful life events: Their nature and effects","first-page":"1","article-title":"Problems in defining and sampling the relevant population of stressful life events","author":"Dohrenwend","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.376","article-title":"People with delusions jump to conclusions: A theoretical account of research findings on the reasoning of people with delusions","volume":"10","author":"Dudley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.1979.136.4b.508","article-title":"Life events at the onset of bipolar affective disorder","volume":"136","author":"Dunner","year":"1979","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib35","series-title":"Trips and journeys: Personal accounts of early psychosis.","author":"Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre.","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930500220066","article-title":"Anxiety and depression: Past, present, and future events","volume":"20","author":"Eysenck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.3.351","article-title":"Antecedents, symptom progression and long-term outcome of the deficit syndrome in schizophrenia","volume":"151","author":"Fenton","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.48.1.150","article-title":"If it changes, it must be a process: Study of emotions and coping during three stages of a college examination","volume":"48","author":"Folkman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197211000-00002","article-title":"Prehospitalization coping styles of psychiatric patients: The goal directedness of life events","volume":"155","author":"Fontana","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.4.671","article-title":"Why do people with delusions fail to choose more realistic explanations for their experiences? An empirical investigation","volume":"72","author":"Freeman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1348\/014466502760387461","article-title":"A cognitive model of persecutory delusions","volume":"41","author":"Freeman","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701003312","article-title":"A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis","volume":"31","author":"Garety","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.138.6.779","article-title":"Established chronicity of psychotic symptoms in first-admission schizophrenic patients","volume":"138","author":"Gift","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib44","series-title":"Recognition and management of early psychosis","first-page":"376","article-title":"Family intervention in early psychosis","author":"Gleeson","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1159\/000118139","article-title":"Stressful life events and schizophrenia: Relation to illness onset and family history","volume":"12","author":"Gruen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.162.1.80","article-title":"The influence of age and sex on the onset and early course of schizophrenia","volume":"162","author":"H\u00e4fner","year":"1993","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/7.1.45","article-title":"Social support, social networks and schizophrenia","volume":"7","author":"Hammer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00301-1","article-title":"Psychotic features and illness severity in combat veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"45","author":"Hammer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib49","series-title":"Family management of schizophrenia","first-page":"137","article-title":"The impact of life events, stress and coping on the morbidity of schizophrenia","author":"Hardesty","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(02)00134-8","article-title":"Expressed emotion is not associated with disorder severity in first-episode mental disorder","volume":"111","author":"Heikkil\u00e4","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.12.3.426","article-title":"Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: A quantitative review of the evidence","volume":"12","author":"Heinrichs","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.168.1.49","article-title":"A one year prospective study of the effects of life events and medication in the aetiology of schizophrenic relapse","volume":"168","author":"Hirsch","year":"1996","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl. 18","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000297092","article-title":"The triggering hypothesis of the role of life events in schizophrenia","volume":"161","author":"Hirsch","year":"1992","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib55","series-title":"The behavioral high-risk paradigm in psychopathology","first-page":"88","article-title":"Predictors of relapse in unipolar depressives: Expressed emotion, marital distress and perceived criticism","author":"Hooley","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-004-0766-0","article-title":"Migration and schizophrenia: The challenges for European psychiatry and implications for the future","volume":"39","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197602000-00001","article-title":"Recent life events and acute schizophrenic psychosis: A controlled study","volume":"162","author":"Jacobs","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0001-690X.2003.00217.x","article-title":"Childhood abuse as a risk factor for psychotic experiences","volume":"109","author":"Janssen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.148.2.115","article-title":"The Northwick study of first episodes of schizophrenia: I: Presentation of the illness and problems related to admission","volume":"148","author":"Johnstone","year":"1986","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220500243349","article-title":"A psychological model of mental disorder","volume":"13","author":"Kinderman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Harvard Review of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib62","series-title":"Stress and emotion: A new synthesis","author":"Lazarus","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib63","series-title":"Stress, appraisal and coping","author":"Lazarus","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.123.6.659","article-title":"Life events and maintenance therapy in schizophrenic relapse","volume":"123","author":"Leff","year":"1973","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1080\/026999397379881","article-title":"Retrospective and prospective cognitions in anxiety and depression","volume":"11","author":"MacLeod","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.148.2.133","article-title":"The Northwick Park study of first episodes of schizophrenia: IV: Expressed emotion and relapse","volume":"148","author":"MacMillan","year":"1986","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199210000-00011","article-title":"Relationship of life events and daily stressors to symptomatology in schizophrenia","volume":"180","author":"Malla","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00344448","article-title":"Einscheidende lebenssereignisse im vorfeld akuter schizophrener episoden","volume":"230","author":"Malzacher","year":"1981","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.04.006","article-title":"Risk factors for transition to first episode psychosis among individuals with \u2018at-risk mental states\u2019","volume":"71","author":"Mason","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00222-3","article-title":"Recent life stressors and biological markers in newly admitted psychotic patients","volume":"41","author":"Mazure","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198407000-00007","article-title":"Differences in the nature of relapse and subsequent inpatient course between medication-compliant and noncompliant schizophrenic patients","volume":"172","author":"McEvoy","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/20.2.399","article-title":"Service providers in the social networks of clients with severe mental illness","volume":"20","author":"Meeks","year":"1994","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02349236","article-title":"Psychopathology and measurement of environmental stress","volume":"3","author":"Michaux","year":"1967","journal-title":"Community Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2004.04.001","article-title":"Retrospective and prospective cognitions in adolescents: Anxiety, depression and positive and negative affect","volume":"27","author":"Miles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270170038","article-title":"Genetic liability, illicit drug use, life stress and psychotic symptoms: Preliminary findings from the Edinburgh study of people at high risk for schizophrenia","volume":"36","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.12.1137","article-title":"Emotional reactivity to daily life stress in psychosis","volume":"58","author":"Myin-Germeys","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00796448","article-title":"Social support and depression in three groups of psychiatric patients and a group of medical controls","volume":"29","author":"Neeleman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)00390-F","article-title":"The social network of patients with schizoaffective disorder as compared to patients with diabetes and to healthy individuals","volume":"41","author":"Nettelbladt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.3.504","article-title":"The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety\/depressive symptoms","volume":"109","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701003488","article-title":"Duration of untreated psychosis: A critical examination of the concept and its importance","volume":"31","author":"Norman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00788968","article-title":"Subjective stress in schizophrenic patients","volume":"26","author":"Norman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.162.2.161","article-title":"Stressful life events and schizophrenia: I: A review of the research","volume":"162","author":"Norman","year":"1993","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00802047","article-title":"A prospective study of daily stressors and symptomatology in schizophrenic patients","volume":"29","author":"Norman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib84","first-page":"1","article-title":"Emigration and insanity","volume":"4","author":"\u00d6degaard","year":"1932","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Neurologica Scandinavica Supplementum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.6.792","article-title":"Relapse in young paranoid schizophrenic patients: A prospective study of stressful life events, P300 measures and coping","volume":"154","author":"Pallanti","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-194810810-00007","article-title":"Psychotic reactions among soldiers of World War II","volume":"108","author":"Paster","year":"1948","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S191","DOI":"10.1177\/000486740003401S29","article-title":"Preventing the entrenchment of high expressed emotion in first episode psychosis: Early developmental attachment pathways","volume":"34","author":"Patterson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00078-9","article-title":"Self-reported social functioning among older patients with schizophrenia","volume":"27","author":"Patterson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004424","article-title":"The interview for recent life events","volume":"27","author":"Paykel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"suppl 33","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib90","first-page":"70","article-title":"Analysis of the initial treatment phase in first episode psychosis","volume":"172","author":"Power","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.87.2.408","article-title":"Stressful life events and schizophrenia: A review of the research literature","volume":"87","author":"Rabkin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.142.5.465","article-title":"Depression in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"142","author":"Roy","year":"1983","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024794232175","article-title":"PTSD and comorbid psychotic disorder: Comparison with veterans diagnosed with PTSD or psychotic disorder","volume":"12","author":"Sautter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1977.01770220124016","article-title":"Life events and schizophrenia: II: Impact of life events on symptom configuration","volume":"34","author":"Schwartz","year":"1977","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.4.669","article-title":"Odegaard's selection hypothesis revisited: Schizophrenia in Surinamese immigrants to The Netherlands","volume":"159","author":"Selten","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610297004237","article-title":"The social networks of older schizophrenia patients","volume":"9","author":"Semple","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.17730\/humo.37.1.m7015m7717632840","article-title":"Personal networks of ex-mental patients in a Manhattan SRO hotel","volume":"37","author":"Sokolovsky","year":"1978","journal-title":"Human Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.114.514.1097","article-title":"A stressful social situation as a precipitant of schizophrenic symptoms: An epidemiological study","volume":"114","author":"Steinberg","year":"1968","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170002554X","article-title":"Expressed emotion and schizophrenia: The ontogeny of EE during an 18-month follow-up","volume":"23","author":"Stirling","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05469.x","article-title":"Stress, depression and mania: Relationship between perceived role of stressful life events and clinical and biochemical characteristics","volume":"81","author":"Swann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib101","first-page":"248","article-title":"Stress and schizophrenia: A review","volume":"3","author":"Tennant","year":"1985","journal-title":"Integrated Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.1976.00407.x","article-title":"Social networks, support and coping: An exploratory study","volume":"15","author":"Tolsdorf","year":"1976","journal-title":"Family Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-002-0565-4","article-title":"Expressed emotion in the client-professional caregiver dyad: Are symptoms, coping strategies and personality related?","volume":"37","author":"van Humbeeck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170002746X","article-title":"The influence of life events on the subsequent course of psychotic illness: A prospective follow-up of the Camberwell Collaborative Psychosis Study","volume":"24","author":"van Os","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.129.2.125","article-title":"The influence of family and social factors on the course of psychiatric illness","volume":"129","author":"Vaughn","year":"1976","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.161.5.615","article-title":"Life events and schizophrenic relapse after withdrawal of medication","volume":"161","author":"Ventura","year":"1992","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.98.4.407","article-title":"A prospective study of stressful life events and schizophrenic relapse","volume":"98","author":"Ventura","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.1.139","article-title":"Life events can trigger depressive exacerbation in the early course of schizophrenia","volume":"109","author":"Ventura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1946.11022613","article-title":"Psychiatric activities during the Normandy offensive. June 20\u2013August 20, 1944: An experience with 5, 203 neuropsychiatric casualties","volume":"9","author":"Wagner","year":"1946","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(00)00053-2","article-title":"Why do people ruminate in dysphoric moods?","volume":"30","author":"Watkins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(99)00008-2","article-title":"A review of expressed emotion research in health care","volume":"20","author":"Wearden","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/22.2.353","article-title":"The prodromal phase of first-episode psychosis: Past and current conceptualizations","volume":"22","author":"Yung","year":"1996","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib113","series-title":"Treating schizophrenia in the prodromal phase","author":"Yung","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.04.008","article-title":"Psychosocial situations, quality of depression and schizophrenia in adolescents","volume":"129","author":"Zalsman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000100926.46390.4c","article-title":"Psychiatric admissions for psychosis in Malmo during the NATO bombing of Kosovo","volume":"191","author":"Zolkowska","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.86.2.103","article-title":"Vulnerability: A new view of schizophrenia","volume":"86","author":"Zubin","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272735806001346?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272735806001346?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T03:58:38Z","timestamp":1759463918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272735806001346"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272735806001346"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-7358","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Stress and psychosis: Towards the development of new models of investigation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Psychology Review","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}