{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:12:03Z","timestamp":1791429123160,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,19]],"date-time":"2007-07-19T07:18:37Z","timestamp":1184829517000},"page":"387-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Mental health following traumatic injury: Toward a health system model of early psychological intervention"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Meaghan L.","family":"O'Donnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Creamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess","family":"Carty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib1","series-title":"Australian guidelines for the treatment of adults with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder","author":"Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health.","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197403000-00001","article-title":"The injury severity score: A method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care","volume":"14","author":"Baker","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20077","article-title":"Measuring anxiety: Are we getting what we need?","volume":"22","author":"Balon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893","article-title":"An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties","volume":"56","author":"Beck","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/107319119700400301","article-title":"Use of the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories for primary care with medical outpatients","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-20030101-07","article-title":"Early interventions following traumatic events","volume":"33","author":"Bisson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatric Annals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.1.63","article-title":"Early cognitive-behavioural therapy for post-traumatic stress symptoms after physical injury. Randomised controlled trial. [see comment]","volume":"184","author":"Bisson","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry \u2014 Supplement"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00162-1","article-title":"Two studies of psychiatric morbidity among motor vehicle accident survivors 1\u00a0year after the crash","volume":"42","author":"Blanchard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015299126858","article-title":"Emergency room vital signs and PTSD in a treatment seeking sample of motor vehicle accident survivors","volume":"15","author":"Blanchard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib10","series-title":"Psychological trauma","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder","author":"Breslau","year":"1998"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.7.626","article-title":"Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community","volume":"55","author":"Breslau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20007","article-title":"Systematic review of screening instruments for adults at risk of PTSD","volume":"18","author":"Brewin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.3.360","article-title":"Acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of violent crime","volume":"156","author":"Brewin","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.748","article-title":"Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults","volume":"68","author":"Brewin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.181.2.158","article-title":"Brief screening instrument for post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"181","author":"Brewin","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib16","series-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: issues and controversies","first-page":"187","article-title":"In the aftermath of trauma: normative reactions and early interventions","author":"Bryant","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib17","series-title":"Longitudinal psychophysiological studies of heart rate: mediating effects and implications for treatment.","first-page":"19","volume":"Vol. 1071","author":"Bryant","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2002.01009.x","article-title":"Delayed-onset posttraumatic stress disorder: A prospective evaluation","volume":"36","author":"Bryant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.10.3.215","article-title":"Assessing acute stress disorder: Psychometric properties of a structured clinical interview","volume":"10","author":"Bryant","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.5.862","article-title":"Treatment of acute stress disorder: A comparison of cognitive-behavioural therapy and supportive counselling","volume":"66","author":"Bryant","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.2.341","article-title":"A prospective study of psychophysiological arousal, acute stress disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"109","author":"Bryant","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000138121.13198.84","article-title":"Elevated resting heart rate as a predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder after severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"66","author":"Bryant","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.3.585","article-title":"Treating acute stress disorder following mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"160","author":"Bryant","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.12.1.61","article-title":"Acute stress disorder scale: A self-report measure of acute stress disorder","volume":"12","author":"Bryant","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.2.334","article-title":"The additive benefit of hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating acute stress disorder","volume":"73","author":"Bryant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00179-1","article-title":"Cognitive behaviour therapy of acute stress disorder: A four-year follow-up","volume":"41","author":"Bryant","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behaviour Research & Therapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.11.1780","article-title":"Treating acute stress disorder: An evaluation of cognitive behavior therapy and supporting counselling techniques","volume":"156","author":"Bryant","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.105.4.617","article-title":"A prospective examination of delayed onset PTSD secondary to motor vehicle accidents","volume":"105","author":"Buckley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTS.0000038480.87290.4a","article-title":"Evaluation of initial posttrauma cardiovascular levels in association with acute PTSD symptoms following a serious motor vehicle accident","volume":"17","author":"Buckley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.1.151","article-title":"Empirically supported treatments: Implications for training","volume":"66","author":"Calhoun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007822603186","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ): A valid and reliable measure of acute stress","volume":"13","author":"Cardena","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.011","article-title":"Delayed-onset PTSD: A prospective study of injury survivors","volume":"90","author":"Carty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701004287","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder: Findings from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being","volume":"31","author":"Creamer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.11.001","article-title":"Amnesia, traumatic brain injury, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A methodological inquiry","volume":"43","author":"Creamer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.4.580","article-title":"Stepped care: Doing more with less?","volume":"68","author":"Davidson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000030625.63338.B2","article-title":"Hazardous drinking by trauma patients during the year after injury","volume":"54","author":"Dunn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma Injury Infection & Critical Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01812-7","article-title":"Early psychological interventions for adult survivors of trauma: A review","volume":"53","author":"Ehlers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024448511504","article-title":"Predicting response to exposure treatment in PTSD: The role of mental defeat and alienation","volume":"11","author":"Ehlers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.03.006","article-title":"Cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Development and evaluation","volume":"43","author":"Ehlers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.10.1024","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"60","author":"Ehlers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.107.3.508","article-title":"Psychological predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents","volume":"107","author":"Ehlers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.9.4.445","article-title":"The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The posttraumatic diagnostic scale","volume":"9","author":"Foa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib43","first-page":"459","article-title":"Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"6","author":"Foa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480410006278","article-title":"Does acute stress disorder predict post-traumatic stress disorder in traffic accident victims? Analysis of a self-report inventory","volume":"58","author":"Fuglsang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013046322993","article-title":"Translating research findings to PTSD prevention: Results of a randomized-controlled pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Gidron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-7229(03)80007-X","article-title":"Beyond the manual: The flexible use of cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa","volume":"10","author":"Goebel-Fabbri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445504270884","article-title":"Behavioral interventions for recent trauma \u2014 Empirically informed practice guidelines","volume":"29","author":"Gray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behavior Modification"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1037\/h0079168","article-title":"Buffalo Creek survivors in the second decade: Stability of stress symptoms","volume":"60","author":"Green","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2006.02.007","article-title":"Acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among patients severely injured in motor vehicle accidents in Japan","volume":"28","author":"Hamanaka","year":"2006","journal-title":"General Hospital Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.67.6.985","article-title":"The relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: A 2-year prospective evaluation","volume":"67","author":"Harvey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.4.626","article-title":"Two-year prospective evaluation of the relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder following mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"157","author":"Harvey","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199808000-00018","article-title":"Outcome after major trauma: Discharge and 6-month follow-up results from the trauma recovery project","volume":"45","author":"Holbrook","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection and Critical Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199905000-00003","article-title":"Outcome after major trauma: 12-month and 18-month follow-up results from the Trauma Recovery Project","volume":"46","author":"Holbrook","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection and Critical Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200108000-00010","article-title":"Perceived threat to life predicts posttraumatic stress disorder after major trauma: Risk factors and functional outcome","volume":"51","author":"Holbrook","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197905000-00004","article-title":"Impact of events scale: A measure of subjective stress","volume":"41","author":"Horowitz","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.3.335","article-title":"Heart rate and posttraumatic stress in injured children","volume":"62","author":"Kassam-Adams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib56","first-page":"4","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: The burden to the individual and to society","volume":"61","author":"Kessler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in the national comorbidity survey","volume":"52","author":"Kessler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.3.367","article-title":"Acute stress response and posttraumatic stress disorder in traffic accident victims: A one-year prospective, follow-up study","volume":"156","author":"Koren","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOCS.0000045348.28440.82","article-title":"Screening HIV-infected patients with chronic pain for anxiety and mood Disorders with the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory-Fast Screens for Medical Settings","volume":"11","author":"Krefetz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20150","article-title":"Heart rate of motor vehicle accident survivors in the emergency department, peritraumatic psychological reactions, ASD, and PTSD severity: A 6-month prospective study","volume":"19","author":"Kuhn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2005.05.004","article-title":"Examination of the utility of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and its factors as a screener for anxiety disorders","volume":"20","author":"Leyfer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib62","series-title":"Early intervention for trauma and traumatic loss.","year":"2004"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib63","first-page":"135","article-title":"Detecting depression in questionnaire studies: Comparison of a single question and interview data in community sample of older adults","volume":"16","author":"Mallon","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.153.6.810","article-title":"The long-term psychiatric consequences of accidental injury","volume":"153","author":"Malt","year":"1988","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.69.6.1037","article-title":"Anxiety and depression of mothers of children undergoing bone marrow transplant: Symptom prevalence and use of the Beck Depression and Beck Anxiety Inventories as screening instruments","volume":"69","author":"Manne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.11.1677","article-title":"Review and critique of the new DSM-IV diagnosis of acute stress disorder","volume":"156","author":"Marshall","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1348\/014466505X50158","article-title":"Risk factors for psychological distress following injury","volume":"45","author":"Mason","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.19.5.400","article-title":"The psychological burden of injury: An 18\u00a0month prospective cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Mason","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emergency Medicine Journal"},{"issue":"6905","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6905.647","article-title":"Psychiatric consequences of road traffic accidents","volume":"307","author":"Mayou","year":"1993","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.8.1231","article-title":"Prediction of psychological outcomes one year after a motor vehicle accident","volume":"158","author":"Mayou","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib71","first-page":"45","article-title":"Does early psychological intervention promote recovery from posttraumatic stress?","author":"McNally","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2005.08.010","article-title":"Using five questions to screen for five common mental disorders in primary care: diagnostic accuracy of the Anxiety and Depression Detector","volume":"28","author":"Means-Christensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"General Hospital Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1071","article-title":"Predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder following severe injury","volume":"14","author":"Mellman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Depression & Anxiety"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200005000-00007","article-title":"Outcome from injury: General health, work status, and satisfaction 12\u00a0months after trauma","volume":"48","author":"Michaels","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection and Critical Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199911000-00009","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in injured adults: Etiology by path analysis","volume":"47","author":"Michaels","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection and Critical Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025410812221","article-title":"The BAI-PC as a screen for anxiety, depression, and \u204ePTSD\u204e in primary care","volume":"10","author":"Mori","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib77","series-title":"Reducing risk for mental disorders: Frontiers for preventive intervention research","author":"Mrazek","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib78","series-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: the management of PTSD in adults and children in primary and secondary care","author":"National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health.","year":"2005"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.4.549","article-title":"Recommendations for a cost-offset model of psychotherapy allocation using generalised anxiety disorder as an example","volume":"68","author":"Newman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(03)00036-9","article-title":"Posttraumatic disorders following injury: An empirical and methodological review","volume":"23","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3180417d04","article-title":"Tonic and phasic heart rate as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"69","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1390","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma: Understanding comorbidity","volume":"161","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.3.507","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity following injury","volume":"161","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.03.015","article-title":"PTSD symptom trajectories: From acute to chronic response","volume":"45","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTS.0000029262.42865.c2","article-title":"The course of PTSD symptoms among Gulf War veterans: A growth mixture modeling approach","volume":"17","author":"Orcutt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.3.283","article-title":"Physiologic responses to sudden, loud tones in monozygotic twins discordant for combat exposure: Association with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"60","author":"Orr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.1.52","article-title":"Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis","volume":"129","author":"Ozer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(89)90033-4","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder, hormones, and memory","volume":"26","author":"Pitman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale: A self report depression scale for research in the general population","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Applied Psychological Measures"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s10960-004-5802-z","article-title":"Is it an accident? Recurrent traumatic life events in level I trauma center patients compared to the general population","volume":"17","author":"Ramstad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.49.1.55","article-title":"A ten-year review of the validity and clinical utility of depression screening","volume":"49","author":"Schade","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.2.189","article-title":"All symptoms are not created equal: The prominent role of hyperarousal in the natural course of posttraumatic psychological distress","volume":"113","author":"Schell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.4.594","article-title":"Incidence and prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in severely injured accident victims","volume":"158","author":"Schnyder","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01335-5","article-title":"Acute stress reactions in adults","volume":"51","author":"Shalev","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib95","series-title":"Treating trauma survivors with PTSD","first-page":"157","article-title":"Treating survivors in the immediate aftermath of traumatic events","author":"Shalev","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.170.6.558","article-title":"Predicting PTSD in trauma survivors: Prospective evaluation of self-report and clinician-administered instruments","volume":"170","author":"Shalev","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.5.630","article-title":"Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma","volume":"155","author":"Shalev","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.6.1188","article-title":"PTSD following terrorist attacks: A prospective evaluation","volume":"162","author":"Shalev","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib98","series-title":"Psychological responses to the new terrorism: A NATO-Russia Dialogue","article-title":"Treatment of trauma survivors with acute stress disorder: Achievements of systematic outreach","author":"Shalev","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.2.219","article-title":"Predictors of PTSD in injured trauma survivors: A prospective study","volume":"153","author":"Shalev","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.6.553","article-title":"A prospective study of heart rate response following trauma and the subsequent development of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"55","author":"Shalev","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490060403","article-title":"Early psychological responses to traumatic injury","volume":"6","author":"Shalev","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"suppl 20","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib101","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pscyhiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000087187.13408.e1","article-title":"Capacity of screening questionnaires to predict psychiatric morbidity 18\u00a0months after motor vehicle accidents","volume":"191","author":"Silove","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000088620.66211.B1","article-title":"Anxiety symptoms in allergic patients: identification and risk factors","volume":"65","author":"Stauder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib104","series-title":"Mental health and mass violence: evidence-based early psychological intervention for victims\/survivors of mass violence: a workshop to reach consensus on best practices","author":"U.S. National Institute of Mental Health.","year":"2002"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.4.589","article-title":"Acute and chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in motor vehicle accident victims","volume":"156","author":"Ursano","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib124","first-page":"395","article-title":"Fright (effroi) and other peritraumatic responses after a serious motor vehicle accident: Prospective influence on acute PTSD development","volume":"48","author":"Vaiva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry \u2212 Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706008658","article-title":"Predicting post-traumatic stress disorder: Validation of the Trauma Screening Questionnaire in victims of assault","volume":"37","author":"Walters","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib106","first-page":"22","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety and quality of life in patients with traffic-related injuries","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Issues and innovations in nursing practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib107","series-title":"Trauma and disaster responses and management.","first-page":"97","article-title":"Early intervention for trauma-related problems","volume":"Vol. 22 no. 1","author":"Watson","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900019465","article-title":"Assessment and treatment of adult acute responses to traumatic stress following mass traumatic events","volume":"10","author":"Watson","year":"2005","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib109","series-title":"Paper presented at the 9th Annual Conference of the ISTSS, San Antonio","article-title":"The PTSD checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility","author":"Weathers","year":"1993"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.9.1160","article-title":"Is this patient clinically depressed?","volume":"287","author":"Williams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00276-5","article-title":"Predicting the development of posttraumatic stress disorder from the acute response to a traumatic event","volume":"44","author":"Yehuda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1084-3612(03)00017-0","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress, functional impairment, and service utilization after injury: a public health approach","volume":"8","author":"Zatzick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000141332.43183.7F","article-title":"Posttraumatic distress, alcohol disorders, and recurrent trauma across level 1 trauma centers","volume":"57","author":"Zatzick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.137.2.200","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress, problem drinking, and functional outcomes after injury","volume":"137","author":"Zatzick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Archives of Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.6.941","article-title":"Predicting posttraumatic distress in hospitalized trauma survivors with acute injuries","volume":"159","author":"Zatzick","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.5.498","article-title":"A randomized effectiveness trial of stepped collaborative care for acutely injured trauma survivors","volume":"61","author":"Zatzick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.10.005","article-title":"Reevaluating the association between emergency department heart rate and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder: A public health approach","volume":"57","author":"Zatzick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2006.00006.x","article-title":"Developing and implementing randomized effectiveness trials in general medical settings","volume":"13","author":"Zatzick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology-Science and Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.8.787","article-title":"A self-report scale to help make psychiatric diagnoses","volume":"58","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272735807001298?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272735807001298?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T04:00:29Z","timestamp":1759464029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272735807001298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272735807001298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-7358","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mental health following traumatic injury: Toward a health system model of early psychological intervention","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Psychology Review","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}