{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:57:26Z","timestamp":1790794646354,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T12:51:38Z","timestamp":1576155098000},"page":"101807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Why check? A meta-analysis of checking in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Threat vs. distrust of senses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Asher Y.","family":"Strauss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Fradkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Linkovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gideon Emanuel","family":"Anholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Huppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-013-0416-x","article-title":"Letter to the editor: Recent advances in research on cognition and emotion in OCD: A review","volume":"15","author":"Anholt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.03.016","article-title":"Responsibility and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: An experimental test","volume":"45","author":"Arntz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0015","first-page":"68","article-title":"Product review: Covidence (systematic review software)","volume":"35","author":"Babineau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association \/ Journal de l\u2019Association Des Biblioth\u00e8ques de La Sant\u00e9 Du Canada"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.303","article-title":"Evidence accumulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: The role of uncertainty and monetary reward on perceptual decision-making thresholds","volume":"40","author":"Banca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90018-3","article-title":"Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex","volume":"50","author":"Bechara","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.03.054","article-title":"Visual search for verbal material in patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"264","author":"Botta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2016.03.005","article-title":"Stove checking behaviour in people with OCD vs. anxious controls","volume":"53","author":"Bucarelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.07.016","article-title":"A neuropsychological comparison of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder and trichotillomania","volume":"45","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2012.11.003","article-title":"Excessive checking for non-anxiogenic stimuli in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"28","author":"Clair","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.09.014","article-title":"Content and correlates of checking related to symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"25","author":"Coleman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.09.013","article-title":"Clinical presentation of not-just right experiences (NJREs) in individuals with OCD: Characteristics and response to treatment","volume":"87","author":"Coles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.4.673","article-title":"Realism of confidence in obsessive-compulsive checkers","volume":"109","author":"Dar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.01.001","article-title":"Obsessions and compulsions in the lab: A meta-analysis of procedures to induce symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"52","author":"De Putter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2012.05.004","article-title":"Flaws and all: Exploring partner-focused obsessive-compulsive symptoms","volume":"1","author":"Doron","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445516673998","article-title":"Intercoder reliability and validity of WebPlotDigitizer in extracting graphed data","volume":"41","author":"Drevon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behavior Modification"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv150","article-title":"Psychosis, delusions and the \u201cjumping to conclusions\u201d reasoning bias: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Dudley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004175","article-title":"Probabilistic reasoning in obsessive\u2013compulsive and delusional disorders","volume":"27","author":"Fear","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0090","author":"Fisher"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025424530644","article-title":"Do patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder have deficits in decision-making?","volume":"27","author":"Foa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.05.001","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the relation of intolerance of uncertainty to symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"31","author":"Gentes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.4.2015.039","article-title":"Think twice: Impulsivity and decision-making in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"4","author":"Grassi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0110","series-title":"Freedom from obsessive-compulsive disorder: A personalized recovery program for living with uncertainty","author":"Grayson","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.5","article-title":"Robust variance estimation in meta-regression with dependent effect size estimates","volume":"1","author":"Hedges","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.11.001","article-title":"Cognitive confidence in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Distrusting perception, attention and memory","volume":"46","author":"Hermans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.02.002","article-title":"Standard of proof and intolerance of uncertainty in obsessive-compulsive disorder and social anxiety disorder","volume":"64","author":"Hezel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2017.0107","article-title":"A Virtual Reality Game to Assess Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","volume":"20","author":"van Bennekom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00012-8","article-title":"Repeated checking causes memory distrust","volume":"41","author":"van den Hout","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.09.002","article-title":"Perseverative and compulsive-like staring causes uncertainty about perception","volume":"46","author":"van den Hout","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0140","article-title":"OCD-like checking in the lab: A meta-analysis and improvement of an experimental paradigm","author":"van den Hout","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1080\/14640748808402300","article-title":"Probabilistic judgements in deluded and non-deluded subjects","volume":"40","author":"Huq","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2913","article-title":"Impact of approximating or ignoring within-study covariances in multivariate meta-analyses","volume":"27","author":"Ishak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2011.07.001","article-title":"Forgetting what you have checked: A link between working memory impairment and checking behaviors in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"28","author":"Jaafari","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.2011.02014.x","article-title":"Reasoning bias and belief conviction in obsessive-compulsive disorder and delusions: Jumping to conclusions across disorders?","volume":"51","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.05.005","article-title":"How is the beads task related to intolerance of uncertainty in anxiety disorders?","volume":"28","author":"Jacoby","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.050","article-title":"Always on guard: Test of high vs. low control conditions in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients","volume":"219","author":"Kalanthroff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2008.0003","article-title":"Anxiety provocation and measurement using virtual reality in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology & Behavior: The Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2008.12.001","article-title":"Development of a computer-based behavioral assessment of checking behavior in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2012.03.014","article-title":"Comparison of checking behavior in adults with or without checking symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder using a novel computer-based measure","volume":"108","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.11.003","article-title":"Can doubt attenuate access to internal states? Implications for obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"49","author":"Lazarov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.02.007","article-title":"Are obsessive\u2013compulsive tendencies related to reliance on external proxies for internal states? Evidence from biofeedback-aided relaxation studies","volume":"48","author":"Lazarov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000004","article-title":"Seeking proxies for internal states in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"123","author":"Lazarov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2016.02.012","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy: Nature and relation to non-cognitive behavioral therapy","volume":"47","author":"Lorenzo-Luaces","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0210","first-page":"88","article-title":"Decision processes and obsessional behaviour","volume":"10","author":"Milner","year":"1971","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement","volume":"151","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2016.07.017","article-title":"Tolerating uncertainty in OCD, do patients require more information to make decisions?","volume":"27","author":"Morein-Zamir","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.001","article-title":"Confidence in memory and other cognitive processes in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"45","author":"Nedeljkovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0230","series-title":"Beyond reasonable doubt: Reasoning processes in obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2018.08.003","article-title":"Cognitive confidence in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Ouellet-Courtois","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1348\/014466502163769","article-title":"Deductive and inductive reasoning in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"41","author":"P\u00e9lissier","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00028-6","article-title":"A cognitive theory of compulsive checking","volume":"40","author":"Rachman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2010.11.005","article-title":"Probabilistic reasoning in patients with body dysmorphic disorder","volume":"42","author":"Reese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2015.08.005","article-title":"The doubt-certainty continuum in psychopathology, lay thinking, and science","volume":"53","author":"Ron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01173.x","article-title":"A challenging task for assessment of checking behaviors in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"117","author":"Rotge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.12.010","article-title":"Contextual and behavioral influences on uncertainty in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"62","author":"Rotge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.94","article-title":"The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"15","author":"Ruscio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90105-6","article-title":"Obsessional-compulsive problems: A cognitive-behavioural analysis","volume":"23","author":"Salkovskis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0280","series-title":"Obsessive Compulsive Disorder \u2013 Theory, Research & Treatment","article-title":"Psychological approaches to the understanding of obsessional problems","author":"Salkovskis","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.05.001","article-title":"\u201cJumping to conclusions\u201d data-gathering bias in psychosis and other psychiatric disorders \u2014 Two meta-analyses of comparisons between patients and healthy individuals","volume":"46","author":"So","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.02.003","article-title":"Explicit instructions facilitate performance of OCD participants but impair performance of non-OCD participants on a serial reaction time task","volume":"55","author":"Soref","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1070","article-title":"Robust variance estimation in meta\u2010regression with binary dependent effects","volume":"4","author":"Tipton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Research synthesis methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000011","article-title":"Small sample adjustments for robust variance estimation with meta-regression","volume":"20","author":"Tipton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2016.04.002","article-title":"Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder check excessively in response to mild uncertainty","volume":"47","author":"Toffolo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702612472487","article-title":"Mild uncertainty promotes checking behavior in subclinical obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"1","author":"Toffolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1976.tb00038.x","article-title":"Styles of decision-making and probability appraisal in selected obsessional and phobic patients","volume":"15","author":"Volans","year":"1976","journal-title":"British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807_bb0315","series-title":"Evidence Report\/Technology Assessment No. 193. (Prepared by the Duke evidence-based practice center under contract No. HHSA 290\u20132007-10066-I)","article-title":"Preventing Alzheimer\u2019s disease and cognitive decline","author":"Williams","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272735819303198?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272735819303198?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T04:29:53Z","timestamp":1759465793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272735819303198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["S0272735819303198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-7358","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Why check? A meta-analysis of checking in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Threat vs. distrust of senses","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Psychology Review","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101807"}}