{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:49:38Z","timestamp":1792453778315,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T21:26:51Z","timestamp":1616189211000},"page":"102004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Preventing the onset of post traumatic stress disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Jonathan I.","family":"Bisson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence Astill","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberley A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catrin","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea J.","family":"Phelps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marit","family":"Sijbrandij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey","family":"Varker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil P.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20342","article-title":"A group randomized trial of critical incident stress debriefing provided to U.S. peacekeepers","volume":"21","author":"Adler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009581","article-title":"A supported psychoeducational intervention to improve family mental health following discharge from paediatric intensive care: Feasibility and pilot randomised controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Als","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0020","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb2005","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0673-5","article-title":"Pharmacological prevention and early treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Astill Wright","year":"2019","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000167","article-title":"Epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: prevalence,correlates and consequences","volume":"28","author":"Atwoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00477","article-title":"Cognitive flexibility predicts PTSD symptoms: Observational and interventional studies","volume":"9","author":"Ben-Zion","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.171.1.78","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of psychological debriefing for victims of acute burn trauma","volume":"171","author":"Bisson","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003388.pub4","article-title":"Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (review)","author":"Bisson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22421","article-title":"The international society for traumatic stress studies new guidelines for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Methodology and development process","volume":"32","author":"Bisson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.1.63","article-title":"Early cognitive-behavioural therapy for post-traumatic stress symptoms after physical injury","volume":"184","author":"Bisson","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2014.08.003","article-title":"Effects of an early intervention on maternal post-traumatic stress symptoms and the quality of mother-infant interaction: The case of preterm birth","volume":"37","author":"Borghini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infant Behavior & Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.748","article-title":"Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults","volume":"68","author":"Brewin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199303)49:2<131::AID-JCLP2270490202>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Victims of traffic accidents: Incidence and prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"49","author":"Brom","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0075","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of a brief dyadic cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to prevent PTSD","volume":"26","author":"Brunet","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.5.862","article-title":"Treatment of Acute Stress Disorder: A comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy and supportive counseling","volume":"66","author":"Bryant","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.6.659","article-title":"Treatment of Acute Stress Disorder: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"65","author":"Bryant","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.3.585","article-title":"Treating acute stress disorder following mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"160","author":"Bryant","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.2.334","article-title":"The additive benefits of hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating acute stress disorder","volume":"73","author":"Bryant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.11.1780","article-title":"Treating acute stress disorder: An evaluation of cognitive behavior therapy and supportive counseling techniques","volume":"156","author":"Bryant","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.10.006","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of writing as a self-help intervention for traumatic injury patients at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"47","author":"Bugg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3788","article-title":"Internet-based guided self-help for parents of children on cancer treatment: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Cernvall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psycho-oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22454","article-title":"ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in the United States: A population-based study","volume":"32","author":"Cloitre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0120","series-title":"Review manager (RevMan) [computer program]","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0125","first-page":"37","article-title":"PTSD in ambulant RTA victims: Prevalence, predictors and a randomised controlled trial of psychological debriefing in prophylaxis","volume":"46","author":"Conlon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Pschosomatic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201704-0720OC","article-title":"Effects of a telephone- and web-based coping skills training program compared with an education program for survivors of critical illness and their family members a randomized clinical trial","volume":"197","author":"Cox","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0135","series-title":"Developing and evaluating complex interventions","author":"Craig","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201505-0900OC","article-title":"Randomized trial of communication facilitators to reduce family distress and intensity of end-of-life care","volume":"193","author":"Curtis","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852913000096","article-title":"The efficacy of initial hydrocortisone administration at preventing posttraumatic distress in adult trauma patients: A randomized trial","volume":"18","author":"Delahanty","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Spectrum"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0150","first-page":"165","article-title":"Effects of hydrocortisone on posttraumatic stress disorder after septic shock: Results from the CORTICUS Berlin study group","volume":"12","author":"Denke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0155","series-title":"Critical incident stress debriefing after trauma: Is it effective?","author":"Dolan","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00123-0","article-title":"A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"38","author":"Ehlers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.10.1024","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"60","author":"Ehlers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39057.406644.68","article-title":"What is heterogeneity and is it important?","volume":"334","author":"Fletcher","year":"2007","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.99.1.20","article-title":"Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information","volume":"99","author":"Foa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0180","unstructured":"Freedman, S. (In press). Early telephone cognitive behavioural therapy (ET-CBT) for the prevention of PTSD. European Journal of Psychotraumatology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750170","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1750170","article-title":"Interrupting traumatic memories in the emergency department: A randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Freedman","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.06.016","article-title":"Effects of additional prolonged exposure to psychoeducation and relaxation in acute stress disorder","volume":"24","author":"Freyth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0195","unstructured":"Gamble, J. (unpublished). Do women who have experienced a traumatic birth and are provided with a midwife led counselling intervention compared with parenting support experience lower levels of postnatal distress? Australian New Zealand Clinical trials Registry [https:\/\/www.anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?id=320476]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2005.00340.x","article-title":"Effectiveness of a counseling intervention after a traumatic childbirth: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Gamble","year":"2005","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013046322993","article-title":"Translating research findings to PTSD prevention: Results of a randomized-controlled pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Gidron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000254676.11987.5d","article-title":"Interactive effects of Memory Structuring and gender in preventing posttraumatic stress symptoms","volume":"195","author":"Gidron","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0215","series-title":"Emergency room intervention to prevent concussion-like persistent symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder. A pilot randomized controlled study of a brief Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing intervention versus reassurance or usual care","author":"Gil-Jardin\u00e9","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0220","first-page":"107","article-title":"An operational classification of disease prevention","volume":"98","author":"Gordon","year":"1983","journal-title":"Public Health Reports."},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0225","first-page":"380","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: A series of new articles in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology","volume":"64","author":"Guyatt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.01.006","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 11. Making an overall rating of confidence in effect estimates for a single outcome and for all outcomes","volume":"66","author":"Guyatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7070.1438","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of psychological debriefing for victims of road traffic accidents","volume":"313","author":"Hobbs","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2010.00227.x","article-title":"Effect of acute posttrauma propranolol on PTSD outcome and physiological responses during script-driven imagery","volume":"18","author":"Hoge","year":"2012","journal-title":"CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670701634945","article-title":"Trial of interpersonal counselling after major physical trauma","volume":"41","author":"Holmes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/511287a","article-title":"Psychological treatments: A call for mental-health science","volume":"511","author":"Holmes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.03.018","article-title":"Reducing intrusive traumatic memories after emergency caesarean section: A proof-of-principle randomized controlled study","volume":"94","author":"Horsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.148551","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"206","author":"Hoskins","year":"2015","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0275","article-title":"Pharmacological therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of monotherapy, augmentation and head-to-head approaches","volume":"12","author":"Hoskins","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-15-00192","article-title":"Toward preventing post-traumatic stress disorder: Development and testing of a pilot Predeployment stress inoculation training program","volume":"181","author":"Hourani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Military Medicine"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1037\/str0000082","article-title":"Effect of stress inoculation training with relaxation breathing on perceived stress and posttraumatic stress disorder in the military: A longitudinal study","volume":"25","author":"Hourani","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Stress Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0290","author":"International Society for Traumatic Stress Stuides (ISTSS)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31820afc63","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy tailored to psychological adaptation to an implantable cardioverter defibrillator","volume":"73","author":"Irvine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.23","article-title":"Preventing intrusive memories after trauma via a brief intervention involving Tetris computer game play in the emergency department: A proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Iyadurai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1891\/1933-3196.5.3.82","article-title":"The EMDR protocol for recent critical incidents: Application in a disaster mental health continuum of care context","volume":"5","author":"Jarero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of EMDR Practice and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1891\/1933-3196.5.3.82","article-title":"The EMDR protocol for recent critical incidents: Application in a disaster mental health continuum of care context","volume":"5","author":"Jarero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of EMDR Practice and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1891\/1933-3196.9.4.166","article-title":"EMDR protocol for recent critical incidents: A randomized controlled trial in a technological disaster context","volume":"9","author":"Jarero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of EMDR Practice and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4522-1","article-title":"A recovery program to improve quality of life, sense of coherence and psychological health in ICU survivors: A multicenter randomized controlled trial, the RAPIT study","volume":"42","author":"Jensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R168","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9260","article-title":"Intensive care diaries reduce new onset post traumatic stress disorder following critical illness: A randomised, controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1159\/000486099","article-title":"Early psychological counseling for the prevention of posttraumatic stress induced by acute coronary syndrome: The MI-SPRINT randomized controlled trial","volume":"87","author":"von K\u00e4nel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22934","article-title":"Risk factors and comorbidity of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD: Findings from a trauma exposed population based sample of adults in the United Kingdom","volume":"36","author":"Karatzias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Depression & Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsi051","article-title":"Feasibility and preliminary outcomes from a pilot study of a brief psychological intervention for families of children newly diagnosed with cancer","volume":"30","author":"Kazak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0350","article-title":"Trauma and PTSD in the WHO world mental health surveys","volume":"8","author":"Kessler","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Pyschotraumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21848","article-title":"National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD prevalence using DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria","volume":"26","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001419","article-title":"The effect of dexamethasone on symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression after cardiac surgery and intensive care admission: Longitudinal follow-up of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Kok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1996.tb01849.x","article-title":"The influence of psychological debriefing on emotional adaptation in women following early miscarriage: A preliminary study","volume":"69","author":"Lee","year":"1996","journal-title":"British Journal of Medical Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0370","article-title":"Psychological therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Lewis","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb2010","article-title":"Internet-based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults Internet-based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults","volume":"5","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29715","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v7.29715","article-title":"Prevention and public health approaches to trauma and traumatic stress: A rationale and a call to action","volume":"7","author":"Magruder","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1093\/brief-treatment\/mhj007","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of an adapted form of individual critical incident stress debriefing for victims of an armed robbery","volume":"6","author":"Marchand","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0385","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid for selective prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder among severely injured patients: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"76","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00254.x","article-title":"The long-term costs of traumatic stress: Intertwined physical and psychological consequences","volume":"9","author":"McFarlane","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0395","series-title":"Adult psychiatric morbidity in England, 2007: Results of a household survey","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/1529-1006.01421","article-title":"Does early psychological intervention promote recovery from posttraumatic stress?","volume":"4","author":"McNally","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychological Science in the Public Interest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h1258","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1258","article-title":"Process evaluation of complex interventions: Medical Research Council guidance","volume":"350","author":"Moore","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2460","article-title":"Internet-based early intervention to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder in injury patients: Randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Mouthaan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0420","series-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder (NICE Guideline No. 116)","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2012.05.001","article-title":"Cognitive processing therapy versus supportive counseling for acute stress disorder following assault: A randomized pilot trial","volume":"43","author":"Nixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1017\/bec.2017.2","article-title":"Cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of acute stress disorder following sexual assault: A randomised effectiveness study","volume":"33","author":"Nixon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behaviour Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0435","unstructured":"O'Donnell, M., Lau, W., Alkemade, N., Fletcher, S., Holmes, A., ... Forbes D. The efficacy of telephone delivered cognitive behavioural therapy as an early intervention for high anxiety and affective symptoms after injury. Draft manuscript."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21677","article-title":"Stepped early psychological intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder, other anxiety disorders, and depression following serious injury","volume":"25","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1672948","article-title":"A decennial review of psychotraumatology: What did we learn and where are we going?","volume":"10","author":"Olff","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0460","unstructured":"L. \u00d6st, N. Paunovic, A. Gillow. Cognitive-behavior therapy in the prevention of chronic PTSD in crime is the reference (unpublished)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb2000","author":"Phoenix Australia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.10.002","article-title":"Harnessing reconsolidation to treat mental disorders","volume":"78","author":"Pitman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01279-3","article-title":"Pilot study of secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder with propranolol","volume":"51","author":"Pitman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e124","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy171","article-title":"Heart rate variability and cognitive Bias feedback interventions to prevent post-deployment PTSD: Results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"184","author":"Pyne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Military Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-12-00140","article-title":"Prevention and care of combat-related PTSD: Directions for future explorations","volume":"177","author":"Riggs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Military Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1695486","article-title":"Early psychological intervention following recent trauma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Roberts","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007944","article-title":"Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder","author":"Roberts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007944.pub2","article-title":"Early psychological interventions to treat acute traumatic stress symptoms","author":"Roberts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0505","article-title":"Psychological debriefing for preventing posttraumatic stress disorder","author":"Rose","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799008624","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of individual psychological debriefing for victims of violent crime","volume":"29","author":"Rose","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.06.002","article-title":"Early intervention may prevent the development of posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized pilot civilian study with modified prolonged exposure","volume":"72","author":"Rothbaum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0879(199812)5:4<231::AID-CPP172>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Postpartum counselling after an emergency cesarean","volume":"5","author":"Ryding","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01270-7","article-title":"The effect of stress doses of hydrocortisone during septic shock on posttraumatic stress disorder in survivors","volume":"50","author":"Schelling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.09.014","article-title":"Stress doses of hydrocortisone, traumatic memories, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in patients after cardiac surgery: A randomized study","volume":"55","author":"Schelling","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.06.009","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of providing self-help information to people with symptoms of acute stress disorder following a traumatic injury","volume":"45","author":"Scholes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.127","article-title":"Prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder by early treatment: Results from the Jerusalem Trauma Outreach and Prevention Study","volume":"69","author":"Shalev","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20608","article-title":"Estimating the risk of PTSD in recent trauma survivors: Results of the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP)","volume":"18","author":"Shalev","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e886","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1331","article-title":"Prevention of traumatic stress in mothers with preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"132","author":"Shaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Paediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)00121-7","article-title":"Pharmacologicalpreventionofposttraumaticstressdisorderandacutestress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Sijbrandij","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155873","article-title":"The primary prevention of PTSD in firefighters: Preliminary results of an RCT with 12-month follow-up","volume":"11","author":"Skeffington","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20270","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy to prevent PTSD: Results from a randomized controlled proof-of-concept trial in physically injured patients","volume":"20","author":"Stein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2016.1224282","article-title":"Early psychological preventive intervention for workplace violence: A randomized controlled explorative and comparative study between EMDR-Recent Event and Critical Incident Stress Debriefing","volume":"37","author":"Tarquinio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Issues in Mental Health Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2013.809421","article-title":"Group critical incident stress debriefing with emergency services personnel: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Tuckey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anxiety, Stress and Coping"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.1.76","article-title":"Effectiveness of providing self-help information following acute traumatic injury: Randomized controlled trial","volume":"187","author":"Turpin","year":"2005","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0585","author":"Veterans Affairs\/Department of Defense"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.01.005","article-title":"Acute delivery of attention bias modification training (ABMT) moderates the association between combat exposure and posttraumatic symptoms: A feasibility study","volume":"122","author":"Wald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716000945","article-title":"Selective prevention of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder using attention bias modification training: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Wald","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2005.07.063","article-title":"Stress doses of hydrocortisone reduce chronic stress symptoms and improve health-related quality of life in high-risk patients after cardiac surgery: A randomized study","volume":"131","author":"Weis","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0605","series-title":"Psychological first aid; guide for field workers","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0610","series-title":"The ICD-11 for mortality and morbidity statistics","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465812000859","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of brief-CBT for patients with symptoms of posttraumatic stress following a motor vehicle crash","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-011-0416-2","article-title":"A new psychological intervention: \u201c512 Psychological Intervention Model\u201d used for military rescuers in Wenchuan Earthquake in China","volume":"47","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22041","article-title":"Technology-enhanced stepped collaborative care targeting posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbidity after injury: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Zatzick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.5.498","article-title":"A randomized effectiveness trial of stepped collaborative care for acutely injured trauma survivors","volume":"61","author":"Zatzick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-8343(01)00140-2","article-title":"Collaborative interventions for physically injured trauma survivors: A pilot randomized effectiveness trial","volume":"23","author":"Zatzick","year":"2001","journal-title":"General Hospital Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.06.001","article-title":"High dose hydrocortisone immediately after trauma may alter the trajectory of PTSD: Interplay between clinical and animal studies","volume":"21","author":"Zohar","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.11.012","article-title":"Intranasal oxytocin to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: A randomized controlled trial in emergency department patients","volume":"81","author":"van Zuiden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272735821000477?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272735821000477?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T04:33:15Z","timestamp":1759465995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272735821000477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":125,"alternative-id":["S0272735821000477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-7358","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Preventing the onset of post traumatic stress disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Psychology Review","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102004"}}