{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:40:36Z","timestamp":1791481236415,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T20:19:47Z","timestamp":1671221987000},"page":"102241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Nightmares and psychiatric symptoms: A systematic review of longitudinal, experimental, and clinical trial studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Bryony","family":"Sheaves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Rek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2003.01169.x","article-title":"Clinical importance of nightmare disorder in patients with dissociative disorders","volume":"57","author":"Agargun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bib481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1159\/000362243","article-title":"Comparing the effect of prazosin and hydroxyzine on sleep quality in patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"69","author":"Ahmadpanah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0010","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2010.09.022","article-title":"Persistence of sleep disturbances following cognitive-behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"70","author":"Belleville","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e678","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16m11193","article-title":"Objectively assessed sleep variability as an acute warning sign of suicidal ideation in a longitudinal evaluation of young adults at high suicide risk","volume":"78","author":"Bernert","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700028488","article-title":"Depression, demoralization and control over psychotic illness: a comparison of depressed and non-depressed patients with a chronic psychosis","volume":"23","author":"Birchwood","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037749","article-title":"What does nightmare distress mean? Factorial structure and psychometric properties of the nightmare distress questionnaire (NDQ)","volume":"24","author":"B\u00f6ckermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dreaming"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608","article-title":"Network analysis: An integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology","volume":"9","author":"Borsboom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027407","article-title":"The small world of psychopathology","volume":"6","author":"Borsboom","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.3.257","article-title":"Postal self-exposure treatment of recurrent nightmares: Randomised controlled trial","volume":"172","author":"Burgess","year":"1998","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.06.002","article-title":"A meta-analysis of imagery rehearsal for post-trauma nightmares: Effects on nightmare frequency, sleep quality, and posttraumatic stress","volume":"32","author":"Casement","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.08.023","article-title":"Dissociation in relation to other mental health conditions: An exploration using network analysis","volume":"136","author":"\u010cernis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X09991567","article-title":"Comorbidity: A network perspective","volume":"33","author":"Cramer","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.1466","article-title":"Physiological predictors of response to exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy for chronic nightmares in a randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Davis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20199","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial for treatment of chronic nightmares in trauma-exposed adults","volume":"20","author":"Davis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.148486","article-title":"Predictive validity of the trauma screening questionnaire in detecting post-traumatic stress disorder in patients with psychotic disorders","volume":"206","author":"De Bont","year":"2015","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2010.10.005","article-title":"Cognitive and emotional processes during dreaming: a neuroimaging view","volume":"20","author":"Desseilles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3478","article-title":"Childhood parasomnias and psychotic experiences at age 12 years in a United Kingdom birth cohort","volume":"37","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001546","article-title":"Concomitants of paranoia in the general population","volume":"41","author":"Freeman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30136-X","article-title":"Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders","volume":"7","author":"Freeman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30328-0","article-title":"The effects of improving sleep on mental health (OASIS): a randomised controlled trial with mediation analysis","volume":"4","author":"Freeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3048","article-title":"What goes around comes around: Nightmares and daily stress are bidirectionally associated in nurses","volume":"37","author":"Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stress and Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032572","article-title":"Sleep disturbances predict later trauma-related distress: Cross-panel investigation amidst violent turmoil","volume":"33","author":"Gerhart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12040432","article-title":"Sleep disturbances as a hallmark of PTSD: Where are we now?","volume":"170","author":"Germain","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000079376.87711.B0","article-title":"Psychophysiological reactivity and coping styles influence the effects of acute stress exposure on rapid eye movement sleep","volume":"65","author":"Germain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101517","article-title":"Nightmare distress revisited: Cognitive appraisal of nightmares according to Lazarus\u2019 transactional model of stress","volume":"68","author":"Gieselmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153716","article-title":"The role of sleep in emotional brain function","volume":"10","author":"Goldstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bib483","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12200","article-title":"Childhood sleeping difficulties and depression in adulthood: the 1970 British Cohort Study","volume":"24","author":"Greene","year":"2015","journal-title":"ournal of Sleep Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0145","article-title":"Risk for depression and anxiety in youth: The interaction between negative affectivity","volume":"44(2), 207\u2013218","author":"Gulley","year":"2016","journal-title":"effortful control, and stressors. Journal of Abnotmal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.09.008","article-title":"Change in sleep symptoms across cognitive processing therapy and prolonged exposure: A longitudinal perspective","volume":"51","author":"Gutner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.782","article-title":"Depression and sensitization to stressors among young women as a function of childhood adversity","volume":"68","author":"Hammen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.10.012","article-title":"Efficacy of psychological interventions aiming to reduce chronic nightmares: A meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0165","first-page":"4","article-title":"The relationship between nightmares, depression and suicide","volume":"77","author":"Hedstr\u00f6m","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016570","article-title":"Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing","volume":"135","author":"van der Helm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13140","article-title":"Insomnia as a mediating therapeutic target for depressive symptoms: A sub-analysis of participant data from two large randomized controlled trials of a digital sleep intervention","volume":"30","author":"Henry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Sleep Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.08.006","article-title":"Are there two qualitatively distinct forms of dissociation? A review and some clinical implications","volume":"25","author":"Holmes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19990820)88:4<329::AID-AJMG8>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Nightmares: Familial aggregation and association with psychiatric disorders in a nationwide twin cohort","volume":"88","author":"Hublin","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0195","first-page":"589","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep disturbances among young adults in three european countries","volume":"18","author":"Janson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.4.298","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of self-reported psychotic symptoms in the British population","volume":"185","author":"Johns","year":"2004","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708004467","article-title":"Interventionist causal models in psychiatry: Repositioning the mind-body problem","volume":"39","author":"Kendler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bib484","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21828","article-title":"Gender differences in subjective sleep after trauma and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: a pilot study","volume":"26","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0210","series-title":"Dementia praecox and paraphrenia. (R. Barclay & G. Robertson, Eds.)","author":"Kraepelin","year":"1919"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007854015481","article-title":"A controlled study of imagery rehearsal for chronic nightmares in sexual assault survivors with PTSD: a preliminary report","volume":"13","author":"Krakow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199510000-00002","article-title":"A controlled comparison of self-rated sleep complaints in acute and chronic nightmare sufferers","volume":"183","author":"Krakow","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13123","article-title":"Telephone-guided imagery rehearsal therapy for nightmares: Efficacy and mediator of change","author":"Lancee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Sleep Research, 30(3), e13123"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1159\/000320894","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral self-help treatment for nightmares: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"79","author":"Lancee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-016-0158-4","article-title":"Sleep problems in childhood and borderline personality disorder symptoms in early adolescence","volume":"45","author":"Lereya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0240","first-page":"205","article-title":"Nightmare prevalence, nightmare distress, and self-reported psychological disturbance","volume":"25","author":"Levin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2008","article-title":"Residual sleep disturbances in patients remitted from major depressive disorder: A 4-year naturalistic follow-up study","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05661gry","article-title":"Nocturnal sleep disturbances as a predictor of suicide attempts among psychiatric outpatients: a clinical, epidemiologic, prospective study","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5852","article-title":"Sleep disturbances and suicide risk in an 8-year longitudinal study of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22054","article-title":"Impact of impaired sleep on the development of PTSD symptoms in combat veterans: a prospective longitudinal cohort study","volume":"30","author":"van Liempt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5592","article-title":"Nightmares and suicide in posttraumatic stress disorder: The mediating role of defeat, entrapment, and hopelessness","volume":"12","author":"Littlewood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18m12181","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.18m12181","article-title":"Nightmares are associated with future suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents","volume":"80","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0275","first-page":"zsaa130","article-title":"Longitudinal associations of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress with suicidal behavior in adolescents: Mediating role of depressive symptoms","volume":"44(1)","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"6596","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/383163a0","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomy of human rapid-eye-movement sleep and dreaming","volume":"383","author":"Maquet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.4.8616562","article-title":"The effect of sleep fragmentation on daytime function","volume":"153","author":"Martin","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.10.1696","article-title":"REM sleep and the early development of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"159","author":"Mellman","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3083-15.2016","article-title":"REM sleep is causal to successful consolidation of dangerous and safety stimuli and reduces return of fear after extinction","volume":"36","author":"Menz","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)01992-7","article-title":"The prefrontal cortex in sleep","volume":"6","author":"Muzur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4850","article-title":"Nightmares: Under-reported, undetected, and therefore untreated","volume":"11","author":"Nadorff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsaa200","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa200","article-title":"Prior sleep problems and adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae of motor vehicle collision in the AURORA study","volume":"44","author":"Neylan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2008.12.018","article-title":"REM sleep characteristics of nightmare sufferers before and after REM sleep deprivation","volume":"11","author":"Nielsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0325","author":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000014","article-title":"Effects of sleep on memory for conditioned fear and fear extinction","volume":"141","author":"Pace-schott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.465","article-title":"Drug induced nightmares - An etiology based review","volume":"18","author":"Pagel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Human Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13366","article-title":"Nightmares do result in psychophysiological arousal: A multimeasure ambulatory assessment study","volume":"56","author":"Paul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bib485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.09.004","article-title":"Longitudinal relationships of insomnia, nightmares, and PTSD severity in recent combat veterans","volume":"75","author":"Pigeon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8116","article-title":"A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral treatment for trauma-related nightmares in active duty military personnel","volume":"16","author":"Pruiksma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12081133","article-title":"A trial of prazosin for combat trauma PTSD with nightmares in active-duty soldiers returned from Iraq and Afghanistan","volume":"170","author":"Raskind","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0355","first-page":"1","article-title":"Schizophrenia liability shares common molecular genetic risk factors with sleep duration and nightmares in childhood [version 2]","volume":"4","author":"Reed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0360","article-title":"Disrupting sleep: The effects of sleep loss on psychotic experiences tested in an experimental study with mediation analysis","volume":"44(3), 662-671.","author":"Reeve","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby129","article-title":"Sleep disorders in early psychosis: Incidence, severity, and association with clinical symptoms","volume":"45","author":"Reeve","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1408-7","article-title":"Nightmares in the general population: Identifying potential causal factors","volume":"52","author":"Rek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3426","article-title":"Thematic and content analysis of idiopathic nightmares and bad dreams","volume":"37","author":"Robert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1998.tb01384.x","article-title":"Loss, humiliation and entrapment as appraisals of schizophrenic illness: A prospective study of depressed and non-depressed patients","volume":"37","author":"Rooke","year":"1998","journal-title":"The British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2806","article-title":"Nightmares: Prevalence among the Finnish general adult population and war veterans during 1972-2007","volume":"36","author":"Sandman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44756","article-title":"Nightmares as predictors of suicide: An extension study including war veterans","volume":"7","author":"Sandman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1105","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09216","article-title":"Imagery rehearsal therapy in addition to treatment as usual for patients with diverse psychiatric diagnoses suffering from nightmares: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"76","author":"van Schagen","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2007.01789.x","article-title":"Nightmare disorder, dream anxiety, and subjective sleep quality in patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"62","author":"Semiz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719847422","article-title":"Cognitive Behavioural therapy for nightmares for patients with persecutory delusions (Nites): An Assessor-blind, pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Sheaves","year":"2019","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371506000804","article-title":"Nightmares in patients with psychosis: The relation with sleep, psychotic, affective and cognitive symptoms","volume":"60","author":"Sheaves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.10.019","article-title":"The prospective associations between different types of sleep disturbance and suicidal behavior in a large sample of chinese college students","volume":"279","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12589","article-title":"Predictors of insomnia symptoms and nightmares among individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder: An ecological momentary assessment study","volume":"27","author":"Short","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Sleep Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490080212","article-title":"Treatment of Vietnam war veterans with PTSD: A comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, biofeedback, and relaxation raining","volume":"8","author":"Silver","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.09.006","article-title":"Persistent nightmares are associated with repeat suicide attempt: A prospective study","volume":"170","author":"Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.1.91","article-title":"Nightmares and sleep disturbances in relation to suicidality in suicide attempters","volume":"30","author":"Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1159\/000343590","article-title":"Prevalence of nightmare disorder in psychiatric outpatients","volume":"82","author":"Swart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0445","first-page":"844","article-title":"Nightmares as predictors of suicide","volume":"24","author":"Tanskanen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bib486","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.07.001","article-title":"Prazosin Effects on Objective Sleep Measures and Clinical Symptoms in Civilian Trauma Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Placebo-Controlled Study","volume":"63","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.144089","article-title":"Childhood sleep disturbance and risk of psychotic experiences at 18: UK birth cohort","volume":"207","author":"Thompson","year":"2015","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2017.07.001","article-title":"Factor structure of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms in trauma-exposed adolescents: Examining stability across time","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11818-011-0535-8","article-title":"Sleep problems and poor academic performance in primary school children","volume":"15","author":"Wiechers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Somnologie"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20514","article-title":"Posttraumatic nightmare and psychopathology in children after road traffic accidents","volume":"23","author":"Wittmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.09.005","article-title":"Sleep problems, suicidal ideation and self-harm behaviors in adolescence","volume":"45","author":"Wong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.101.2.219","article-title":"Effects of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake on frequency and content of nightmares","volume":"101","author":"Wood","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.07.001","article-title":"Effects of psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder on sleep disturbances: Results from a randomized clinical trial","volume":"97","author":"Woodward","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"}],"container-title":["Clinical Psychology Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027273582200126X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027273582200126X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T04:37:55Z","timestamp":1759466275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S027273582200126X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":97,"alternative-id":["S027273582200126X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-7358","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nightmares and psychiatric symptoms: A systematic review of longitudinal, experimental, and clinical trial studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Psychology Review","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102241","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102241"}}