{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:08:11Z","timestamp":1791842891969,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["mdconsult.com","theclinics.com","plasticsurgery.theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Plastic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,29]],"date-time":"2014-11-29T03:16:58Z","timestamp":1417231018000},"page":"33-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Dark Circles"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Friedmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchel P.","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.02698.x","article-title":"Influence of facial skin attributes on the perceived age of Caucasian women","volume":"22","author":"Nkengne","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.04.037","article-title":"A\u00a0quantitative analysis of periorbital aging with three-dimensional surface imaging","volume":"64","author":"Camp","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03418.x","article-title":"Ageing appearance in China: biophysical profile of facial skin and its relationship to perceived age","volume":"24","author":"Mayes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2007.00324.x","article-title":"What causes dark circles under the eyes?","volume":"6","author":"Freitag","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2009.01213.x","article-title":"Infraorbital dark circles: definition, causes, and treatment options","volume":"35","author":"Roh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X12442372","article-title":"Tear trough deformity: review of anatomy and treatment options","volume":"32","author":"Stutman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181c82f90","article-title":"Anatomy and nonsurgical correction of the tear trough deformity","volume":"125","author":"Hirmand","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2007.00336.x","article-title":"Definition of the tear trough and the tear trough rating scale","volume":"6","author":"Sadick","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31819f2b36","article-title":"The tear trough and lid\/cheek junction: anatomy and implications for surgical correction","volume":"123","author":"Haddock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.34009","article-title":"Periorbital melanosis is an extension of pigmentary demarcation line-F on face","volume":"73","author":"Malakar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02065.x","article-title":"Periorbital hyperpigmentation in Asians: an epidemiologic study and a proposed classification","volume":"37","author":"Ranu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.101371","article-title":"Determination of melanin and haemoglobin in the skin of idiopathic cutaneous hyperchromia of the orbital region (ICHOR): a study of Indian patients","volume":"5","author":"Ortonne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2010.487912","article-title":"Acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules mimicking dark circles under the eyes","volume":"12","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1177\/000992286600501106","article-title":"Allergic shiners: dark circles under the eyes in children","volume":"5","author":"Marks","year":"1966","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.57614","article-title":"Treatment of periocular hyperpigmentation due to lead of kohl (surma) by penicillamine: a single group non-randomized clinical trial","volume":"54","author":"Safoury El","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199911000-00016","article-title":"Extensive lower eyelid pigment spread after blepharopigmentation","volume":"15","author":"Peters","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.12.046","article-title":"Melasma: a comprehensive update: part I","volume":"65","author":"Sheth","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib18","first-page":"230","article-title":"Oculodermal melanocytosis\u2013nevus of Ota (with palatal pigmentation)","volume":"14","author":"Kannan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X12455659","article-title":"Topical bimatoprost 0.03% and iatrogenic eyelid and orbital lipodystrophy","volume":"32","author":"Sira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e31817d81df","article-title":"Periorbital changes associated with topical bimatoprost","volume":"24","author":"Filippopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.05.041","article-title":"Clinical course of bimatoprost-induced periocular skin changes in Caucasians","volume":"113","author":"Doshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.11.1541","article-title":"Bimatoprost-induced periocular skin hyperpigmentation: histopathological study","volume":"123","author":"Kapur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680701750625","article-title":"The clinical impact and incidence of periocular pigmentation associated with either latanoprost or bimatoprost therapy","volume":"32","author":"Sharpe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.07.019","article-title":"Prevention of dermatologic side effects of bimatoprost 0.03% topical therapy","volume":"142","author":"Centofanti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.89","article-title":"Latisse-induced periocular skin hyperpigmentation","volume":"128","author":"Priluck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.1.4.303","article-title":"Management of infraorbital dark circles. A significant cosmetic concern","volume":"1","author":"Epstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2010.04.003","article-title":"Autologous fat and fillers in periocular rejuvenation","volume":"18","author":"Buckingham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib28","series-title":"Advanced techniques in dermatologic surgery","first-page":"295","article-title":"Intense pulsed light and nonablative approaches to photoaging","author":"Weiss","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib29","first-page":"773","article-title":"Treatment of idiopathic cutaneous hyperchromia of the orbital region (ICHOR) with intense pulsed light","volume":"32","author":"Cymbalista","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib30","first-page":"66","article-title":"Treatment of eyelid hyperpigmentation with QS ruby laser and intense pulsed light device","volume":"30","author":"Cymbalista","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12277339","article-title":"Selective photothermolysis of cutaneous pigmentation by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser pulses at 1064, 532, and 355 nm","volume":"93","author":"Anderson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1993.tb01417.x","article-title":"Treatment of benign pigmented epidermal lesions by Q-switched ruby laser","volume":"32","author":"Taylor","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1159\/000246131","article-title":"Quality-switched ruby laser treatment of solar lentigines and Becker's nevus: a histopathological and immunohistochemical study","volume":"194","author":"Kopera","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1995.tb00293.x","article-title":"Infraorbital pigmented skin. Preliminary observations of laser therapy","volume":"21","author":"Lowe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib35","first-page":"785","article-title":"Condition known as \u201cdark rings under the eyes\u201d in the Japanese population is a kind of dermal melanocytosis which can be successfully treated by Q-switched ruby laser","volume":"32","author":"Watanabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000293869.00522.ec","article-title":"Combined therapy using Q-switched ruby laser and bleaching treatment with tretinoin and hydroquinone for periorbital skin hyperpigmentation in Asians","volume":"121","author":"Momosawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2000.09243.x","article-title":"Successful removal of freckles in Asian skin with a Q-switched alexandrite laser","volume":"26","author":"Jang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2011.560929","article-title":"Effect of spot size and fluence on Q-switched alexandrite laser treatment for pigmentation in Asians: a randomized, double-blinded, split-face comparative trial","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib39","first-page":"6","article-title":"Picosecond 755 nm alexandrite laser for treatment of tattoos and benign pigmented lesions: a prospective trial","volume":"44","author":"Dover","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2013.769274","article-title":"A\u00a0split-face comparison of low-fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG laser plus 1550 nm fractional photothermolysis vs. Q-switched Nd:YAG monotherapy for facial melasma in Asian skin","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib41","first-page":"797","article-title":"Treatment of infraorbital dark circles using a low-fluence Q-switched 1,064-nm laser","volume":"37","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00042728-200601000-00006","article-title":"Treatment of acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules (Hori\u2019s nevus) with a combination of the 532 nm Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser followed by the 1,064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG is more effective: prospective study","volume":"32","author":"Ee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200405060-00007","article-title":"Optimal management of facial telangiectasia","volume":"5","author":"Goldman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10122","article-title":"Evaluation of\u00a0pulse-duration on purpuric threshold using extended pulse pulsed dye laser (Cynosure V-star)","volume":"31","author":"Tanghetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1097\/00042728-200508000-00002","article-title":"Long-pulsed dye laser treatment for facial telangiectasias and erythema: evaluation of a single purpuric pass versus multiple subpurpuric passes","volume":"31","author":"Iyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2007.00256.x","article-title":"Treatment of facial reticular veins with dynamically cooled, variable spot-sized 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser","volume":"6","author":"Lai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2012.02457.x","article-title":"Treatment of venous infraorbital dark circles using a long-pulsed 1,064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser","volume":"38","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690120051007","article-title":"Treatment of epidermal pigmented lesions with the frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. A controlled, single-impact, dose-response, multicenter trial","volume":"130","author":"Kilmer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.08049.x","article-title":"Periorbital rejuvenation: a review of dermatologic treatments","volume":"25","author":"Manaloto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib50","first-page":"483","article-title":"Improvement of dermatochalasis and periorbital rhytides with a high-energy pulsed CO2 laser: a retrospective study","volume":"30","author":"Alster","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.04292.x","article-title":"Effect of pulse width of a variable square pulse (VSP) erbium:YAG laser on the treatment outcome of periorbital wrinkles in Asians","volume":"49","author":"Manuskiatti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1998.tb04216.x","article-title":"Improvement of infraorbital hyperpigmentation following carbon dioxide laser resurfacing","volume":"24","author":"West","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib53","first-page":"21","article-title":"Evaluation of one-pass CO2 laser resurfacing for infraorbital hyperpigmentation","volume":"30","author":"Lupton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2010.01645.x","article-title":"Treatment of periorbital wrinkles using a 2,790-nm yttrium scandium gallium garnet laser","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2012.759236","article-title":"Treatment of infraorbital dark circles in atopic dermatitis with a 2790-nm erbium:yttrium scandium gallium garnet laser: a pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2005.31934","article-title":"Short-term side effects of fractional photothermolysis","volume":"31","author":"Fisher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2008.09.001","article-title":"Fractionated mid-infrared resurfacing","volume":"27","author":"Bogle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.04.023","article-title":"Treatment of lower eyelid rhytids and laxity with ablative fractionated carbon-dioxide laser resurfacing: case series and review of the literature","volume":"64","author":"Tierney","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2010.01516.x","article-title":"Dual-depth fractional carbon dioxide laser resurfacing for periocular rhytidosis","volume":"36","author":"Kotlus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib60","first-page":"1454","article-title":"Eyelid tightening and improved eyelid aperture through nonablative fractional resurfacing","volume":"34","author":"Sukal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02216.x","article-title":"Fractionated 1550-nm erbium-doped fiber laser for the treatment of periorbital hyperpigmentation","volume":"38","author":"Moody","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2006.10.006","article-title":"Fillers in the periorbital complex","volume":"15","author":"Finn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.2310\/6350.2005.31233","article-title":"Fat autograft muscle injection (FAMI): new technique for facial volume restoration","volume":"31","author":"Butterwick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2006.10.003","article-title":"Autologous fat transfer: an in-depth look at varying concepts and techniques","volume":"15","author":"Butterwick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09066.x","article-title":"Treatment of infraorbital dark circles by autologous fat transplantation: a pilot study","volume":"160","author":"Roh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib66","first-page":"92","article-title":"Technique of periorbital lipoaugmentation","volume":"29","author":"Donofrio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib67","unstructured":"The American Society for Dermatologic Surgery. 2012 ASDS Survey on Dermatologic Procedures. Available at: http:\/\/www.asds.net\/WorkArea\/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=6607&libID=6583. Accessed August 1, 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iop.0000235820.00633.61","article-title":"Filling the periorbital hollows with hyaluronic acid gel: initial experience with 244 injections","volume":"22","author":"Goldberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181b80f93","article-title":"Use of hyaluronic acid filler for tear-trough rejuvenation as an alternative to lower eyelid surgery","volume":"27","author":"Morley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S3118","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid gel (Juv\u00e9derm) preparations in the treatment of facial wrinkles and folds","volume":"3","author":"Bogdan Allemann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2012.00622.x","article-title":"Restylane persisting in lower eyelids for 5 years","volume":"11","author":"Dayan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2007.34028.x","article-title":"The hyaluronic acid push technique for the nasojugal groove","volume":"34","author":"Bosniak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asj.2006.10.013","article-title":"Technique issues in nonsurgical filling of the periorbital hollows","volume":"27","author":"Klein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X10395505","article-title":"Treatment of the tear trough deformity with hyaluronic acid","volume":"31","author":"Viana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib75","first-page":"727","article-title":"Intense focused ultrasound: evaluation of a new treatment modality for precise microcoagulation within the skin","volume":"34","author":"Laubach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2012.738912","article-title":"A\u00a0intense-focused ultrasound tightening for the treatment of infraorbital laxity","volume":"14","author":"Suh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2130.2004.00070.x","article-title":"The effects of topical application of phytonadione, retinol and vitamins C and E on infraorbital dark circles and wrinkles of the lower eyelids","volume":"3","author":"Mitsuishi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib78","first-page":"1645","article-title":"The efficacy of topical cream composed of vitamins K, C, E, and CoQ10 in the treatment of infraorbital melanosis and wrinkling: an open-label, self-controlled study","volume":"8","author":"Enshaieh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib79","first-page":"32","article-title":"Treatment of periorbital hyperpigmentation with topical vitamin K\/vitamin A","volume":"12","author":"Elson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2009.00356.x","article-title":"Effects of vitamin C on dark circles of the lower eyelids: quantitative evaluation using image analysis and echogram","volume":"15","author":"Ohshima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib81","first-page":"1478","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of a multimodality skin brightener composition compared with 4% hydroquinone","volume":"11","author":"Makino","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib82","first-page":"S32","article-title":"Comparative study of hydroquinone-free and hydroquinone-based hyperpigmentation regimens in treating facial hyperpigmentation and photoaging","volume":"12","author":"Fabi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib83","first-page":"4","article-title":"Topically applied physiologically balanced growth factors: a new paradigm of skin rejuvenation","volume":"8","author":"Sundaram","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib84","first-page":"725","article-title":"Novel eye cream containing a mixture of human growth factors and cytokines for periorbital skin rejuvenation","volume":"6","author":"Lupo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2005.31924","article-title":"Intense pulsed light as a nonablative approach to photoaging","volume":"31","author":"Goldman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib86","first-page":"156","article-title":"Professional errors caused by lasers and intense pulsed light technology in dermatology and aesthetic medicine: preventive strategies and case studies","volume":"28","author":"Greve","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.103811","article-title":"Pulsed dye laser treatment of port-wine stains in pigmented skin","volume":"42","author":"Sommer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2012.02359.x","article-title":"Commentary: treatment of venous infraorbital dark circles using a long-pulsed 1,064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser","volume":"38","author":"Biesman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0865","article-title":"Venous anatomy of the orbit","volume":"44","author":"Cheung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182442363","article-title":"Blindness following cosmetic injections of the face","volume":"129","author":"Lazzeri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.04.019","article-title":"Iatrogenic retinal artery occlusion caused by cosmetic facial filler injections","volume":"154","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0094129814001060?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0094129814001060?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T10:25:12Z","timestamp":1538043912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0094129814001060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0094129814001060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-1298"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-1298","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dark Circles","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Plastic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cps.2014.08.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}