{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:01:30Z","timestamp":1787166090651,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","plasticsurgery.theclinics.com","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Plastic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]],"date-time":"2018-07-31T19:10:51Z","timestamp":1533064251000},"page":"571-584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Noninvasive Methods for Lower Facial Rejuvenation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Sieber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Kenkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib1","unstructured":"Statistics-American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Available at: http:\/\/www.surgery.org\/media\/statistics2016. Accessed July 12, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200009000-00004","article-title":"Thermal modification of connective tissues: basic science considerations and clinical implications","volume":"8","author":"Arnoczky","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.99091.x","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot study of in\u00a0vivo immediate tissue contraction with CO2 skin laser resurfacing in a live farm pig","volume":"25","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(82)90182-9","article-title":"Influence of collagen denaturation on the chemorheological properties of skin, assessed by differential scanning calorimetry and hydrothermal isometric tension measurement","volume":"717","author":"le Lous","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2011.04.033","article-title":"Thermal denaturation studies of collagen by microthermal analysis and atomic force microscopy","volume":"101","author":"Bozec","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.30.000622","article-title":"Monitoring the thermally induced structural transitions of collagen by use of second-harmonic generation microscopy","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1053\/sder.2003.50011","article-title":"The use of nonablative radiofrequency technology to tighten the lower face and neck","volume":"22","author":"Hsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2005.01.015","article-title":"The relative thermal stability of tissue macromolecules and cellular structure in burn injury","volume":"31","author":"Despa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X13501174","article-title":"Five parameters you must understand to master control of your laser\/light-based devices","volume":"33","author":"Farkas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20310","article-title":"Fractional photothermolysis: current and future applications","volume":"38","author":"Geronemus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20048","article-title":"Fractional photothermolysis: a new concept for cutaneous remodeling using microscopic patterns of thermal injury","volume":"34","author":"Manstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X10373060","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo histopathologic comparison of the acute injury following treatment with five fractional ablative laser devices","volume":"30","author":"Farkas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.21150","article-title":"An in\u00a0vivo histopathological comparison of single and double pulsed modes of a fractionated CO(2) laser","volume":"44","author":"Oni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20059","article-title":"A\u00a0useful algorithm for determining fluence and pulse width for vascular targets using 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser in an animal model","volume":"34","author":"Ozturk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00354.x","article-title":"Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser in the treatment of facial and leg telangiectasias","volume":"15","author":"Major","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-004-0294-x","article-title":"Treatment of superficial cutaneous vascular lesions: experience with the KTP 532 nm laser","volume":"19","author":"Clark","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib17","first-page":"227","article-title":"Vascular-specific laser wavelength for the treatment of facial telangiectasias","volume":"8","author":"Dudelzak","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001397","article-title":"Laser resurfacing at the time of rhytidectomy","volume":"136","author":"Scheuer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200102000-00046","article-title":"Combined erbium:YAG laser resurfacing and face lifting","volume":"107","author":"Weinstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318246d4d9","article-title":"Establishing the safety and efficacy of simultaneous face lift and intraoperative full face and neck fractional carbon dioxide resurfacing","volume":"129","author":"Hollmig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000091424.69765.0C","article-title":"Septal extension grafts revisited: 6-year experience in controlling nasal tip projection and shape","volume":"112","author":"Ha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1998.tb04165.x","article-title":"The Q-switched neodymium (Nd):YAG laser with quadruple frequency. Clinical histological evaluation of facial resurfacing using different wavelengths","volume":"24","author":"Cisneros","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.08132.x","article-title":"Long-term epilation with long-pulsed neodimium:YAG laser","volume":"25","author":"Bencini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1586\/17434440.4.2.253","article-title":"Laser- and light-based hair removal: an update","volume":"4","author":"Goldberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Rev Med Devices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib25","first-page":"13","article-title":"Long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser-assisted hair removal in all skin types","volume":"30","author":"Tanzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib26","first-page":"885","article-title":"Long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser-assisted hair removal in pigmented skin: a clinical and histological evaluation","volume":"137","author":"Alster","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.08253.x","article-title":"Treatment of spider veins using a 10 millisecond pulse-duration frequency-doubled neodymium YAG laser","volume":"25","author":"Bernstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib28","first-page":"6","article-title":"Laser treatment of leg veins","volume":"9","author":"Sadick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib29","first-page":"220","article-title":"Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) irradiation for lower extremity telangiectases and small reticular veins: efficacy as measured by vessel color and size","volume":"28","author":"Rogachefsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib30","first-page":"147","article-title":"Treatment of leg and face veins with a cryogen spray variable pulse width 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser: a prospective study of 47 patients","volume":"3","author":"Eremia","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2011.04.005","article-title":"Versatility of erbium YAG laser: from fractional skin rejuvenation to full-field skin resurfacing","volume":"19","author":"Holcomb","year":"2011","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70286-2","article-title":"Erbium:YAG cutaneous laser resurfacing","volume":"19","author":"Alster","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(03)00048-2","article-title":"Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing","volume":"20","author":"Sapijaszko","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.99085.x","article-title":"Erbium:YAG laser resurfacing of the hands, arms, and neck","volume":"25","author":"Jimenez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1998.tb04061.x","article-title":"Skin contraction following erbium:YAG laser resurfacing","volume":"24","author":"Hughes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/14628839950516922","article-title":"Treatment of facial vascular lesions with intense pulsed light","volume":"1","author":"Angermeier","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Laser Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2005.31924","article-title":"Intense pulsed light as a nonablative approach to photoaging","volume":"31","author":"Goldman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2000.00085.x","article-title":"Noninvasive rejuvenation of photodamaged skin using serial, full-face intense pulsed light treatments","volume":"26","author":"Bitter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/14628839950516733","article-title":"Intense pulsed light treatment of hirsutism: case reports of skin phototypes V and VI","volume":"1","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Laser Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2011.552615","article-title":"Concurrent structural fat grafting and carbon dioxide laser resurfacing for perioral and lower face rejuvenation","volume":"13","author":"Ransom","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e318172f60e","article-title":"Power of the pinch: pinch lower lid blepharoplasty","volume":"60","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X12442672","article-title":"Comparison of five commonly-available, lidocaine-containing topical anesthetics and their effect on serum levels of lidocaine and its metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX)","volume":"32","author":"Oni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X10386944","article-title":"Effect of 4% topical lidocaine applied to the face on the serum levels of lidocaine and its metabolite, monoethylglycinexylidide","volume":"30","author":"Oni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asj.2007.12.009","article-title":"Tissue tightening technologies: fact or fiction","volume":"28","author":"Sadick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib45","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Synergistic approaches to neck rejuvenation and lifting","volume":"14","author":"Weinkle","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20013","article-title":"Selective electro-thermolysis in aesthetic medicine: a review","volume":"34","author":"Sadick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-012-0004-1","article-title":"Exploring channeling optimized radiofrequency energy: a review of radiofrequency history and applications in esthetic fields","volume":"29","author":"Belenky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/17150274","article-title":"High intensity focused ultrasound: surgery of the future?","volume":"76","author":"Kennedy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.9.1.22","article-title":"Selective creation of thermal injury zones in the superficial musculoaponeurotic system using intense ultrasound therapy: a new target for noninvasive facial rejuvenation","volume":"9","author":"White","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.9.2.88","article-title":"Clinical pilot study of intense ultrasound therapy to deep dermal facial skin and subcutaneous tissues","volume":"9","author":"Gliklich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12471","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of micro-focused ultrasound for lifting and tightening the face and neck","volume":"40","author":"Fabi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.06.039","article-title":"Ultrasound tightening of facial and neck skin: a rater-blinded prospective cohort study","volume":"62","author":"Alam","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib53","unstructured":"Kenkel J. Evaluation of the Ulthera system for achieving lift and tightening cheek tissue, improving jawline definition and submental skin laxity. Paper presented at: American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery. Boston, MA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X14541956","article-title":"Evaluation of a microfocused ultrasound system for improving skin laxity and tightening in the lower face","volume":"34","author":"Oni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S009412981830049X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S009412981830049X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T14:22:53Z","timestamp":1758810173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S009412981830049X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S009412981830049X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-1298"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-1298","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Noninvasive Methods for Lower Facial Rejuvenation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Plastic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}