{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:51:48Z","timestamp":1787820708780,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","plasticsurgery.theclinics.com","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Plastic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T17:38:19Z","timestamp":1620495499000},"page":"407-417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cleft Lip and Palate"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Waleed","family":"Gibreel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan R.","family":"Wlodarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik M.","family":"Wolfswinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark M.","family":"Urata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Hammoudeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1597\/08-176.1","article-title":"The need for orthognathic surgery in patients with repaired complete unilateral and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"46","author":"Daskalogiannakis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.11.002","article-title":"Orthognathic surgery for patients with cleft lip and palate","volume":"46","author":"Roy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005623","article-title":"Correlation between speech outcomes and the amount of maxillary advancement after orthognathic surgery (Le Fort I conventional osteotomy and distraction osteogenesis) in patients with cleft lip and palate","volume":"30","author":"Chung","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199289010-00001","article-title":"Lengthening the human mandible by gradual distraction","volume":"89","author":"McCarthy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib5","first-page":"685","article-title":"Long-term results of maxillary distraction osteogenesis in nongrowing cleft: 5-years experience using internal device","volume":"117","author":"Hirjak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0746.101336","article-title":"Treatment of maxillary cleft palate: distraction osteogenesis vs. orthognathic surgery","volume":"2","author":"Rachmiel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12063","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis versus orthognathic surgery for the treatment of maxillary hypoplasia in cleft lip and palate patients: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Austin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.06.008","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of cleft maxillary osteotomy and distraction osteogenesis","volume":"35","author":"Cheung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib9","first-page":"57","article-title":"Distraction or osteotomy for the correction of maxillary cleft deformities: which is better?","volume":"17","author":"Cheung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann R Australas Coll Dent Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000232358.31321.ea","article-title":"Cleft maxillary distraction versus orthognathic surgery: clinical morbidities and surgical relapse","volume":"118","author":"Cheung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1390172","article-title":"Le Fort I maxillary advancement using distraction osteogenesis","volume":"28","author":"Combs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000138593.89303.1B","article-title":"Long-term skeletal stability after maxillary advancement with distraction osteogenesis using a rigid external distraction device in cleft maxillary deformities","volume":"114","author":"Figueroa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2007.10.013","article-title":"Long-term skeletal stability after maxillary advancement with distraction osteogenesis in nongrowing patients","volume":"66","author":"Kanno","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181ec6adc","article-title":"Le Fort I distraction using internal devices for maxillary hypoplasia in patients with cleft lip, palate, and alveolus: complications and their prevention and management","volume":"21","author":"Mitsukawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.2319\/080613-586.1","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of sagittal maxillary internal distraction osteogenesis in unilateral cleft lip and palate patient and noncleft patients: a three-dimensional finite element analysis","volume":"84","author":"Olmez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2010.08.012","article-title":"Five years experience with a new intraoral maxillary distraction device (RID)","volume":"49","author":"Picard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-3-21","article-title":"The hierarchy of stability and predictability in orthognathic surgery with rigid fixation: an update and extension","volume":"3","author":"Proffit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.01.004","article-title":"Long-term results in maxillary deficiency using intraoral devices","volume":"34","author":"Rachmiel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266435602002474","article-title":"Long-term results of distraction osteogenesis of the maxilla and midface","volume":"40","author":"Wiltfang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70310-0","article-title":"Management of severe cleft maxillary deficiency with distraction osteogenesis: procedure and results","volume":"115","author":"Figueroa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199804040-00010","article-title":"Maxillary distraction: aesthetic and functional benefits in cleft lip-palate and prognathic patients during mixed dentition","volume":"101","author":"Molina","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199705000-00008","article-title":"Management of severe maxillary deficiency in childhood and adolescence through distraction osteogenesis with an external, adjustable, rigid distraction device","volume":"8","author":"Polley","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199705000-00036","article-title":"Maxillary-midface distraction in children with cleft lip and palate: a preliminary report","volume":"99","author":"Cohen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199509000-00019","article-title":"Reactivation of a mandibular lengthening device for maximal distraction","volume":"6","author":"Figueroa","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199509000-00007","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis of the human craniofacial skeleton: initial experience with new distraction system","volume":"6","author":"Cohen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665617739731","article-title":"Impact of the distance of maxillary advancement on horizontal relapse after orthognathic surgery","volume":"55","author":"Fahradyan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib27","article-title":"Maxillary distraction osteogenesis versus orthognathic surgery for cleft lip and palate patients","author":"Kloukos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80808-2","article-title":"Long-term skeletal stability after rigid fixation of Le Fort I osteotomies with advancements","volume":"22","author":"Louis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.03.009","article-title":"Maxillary advancement with conventional orthognathic surgery in patients with cleft lip and palate: is it a stable technique?","volume":"70","author":"Saltaji","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.2319\/011212-27.1","article-title":"Long-term skeletal stability after maxillary advancement with distraction osteogenesis in cleft lip and palate patients","volume":"82","author":"Saltaji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0b013e31814b2b8c","article-title":"Comparison of treatment outcome and stability between distraction osteogenesis and LeFort I osteotomy in cleft patients with maxillary hypoplasia","volume":"18","author":"Baek","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(94)90163-5","article-title":"The 3-dimensional stability of maxillary osteotomies in cleft palate patients with residual alveolar clefts","volume":"32","author":"Cheung","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2020.01.010","article-title":"LeFort distraction in the cleft patient","volume":"32","author":"Drew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-019-01217-w","article-title":"Outcomes of maxillary orthognathic surgery in patients with cleft lip and palate: a literature review","volume":"18","author":"Ganoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006164","article-title":"Consolidation time and relapse: a systematic review of outcomes in internal versus external midface distraction for syndromic craniosynostosis","volume":"144","author":"Bertrand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000206308.86089.86","article-title":"Improved outcomes in cleft patients with severe maxillary deficiency after Le Fort I internal distraction","volume":"117","author":"Kumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"7 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib37","first-page":"2000","article-title":"Vector control in internal midface distraction using temporary anchorage devices","volume":"23","author":"Francis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2020.01.013","article-title":"Orthodontic considerations for cleft orthognathic surgery","volume":"32","author":"Yen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005536","article-title":"Complications following orthognathic surgery for patients with cleft lip\/palate","volume":"30","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.02.142","article-title":"Predictors of velopharyngeal insufficiency after Le Fort I maxillary advancement in patients with cleft palate","volume":"69","author":"McComb","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.03.011","article-title":"Maxillary distraction versus orthognathic surgery in cleft lip and palate patients: effects on speech and velopharyngeal function","volume":"39","author":"Chua","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0094129821000237?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0094129821000237?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T14:24:45Z","timestamp":1758810285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0094129821000237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0094129821000237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-1298"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-1298","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cleft Lip and Palate","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Plastic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cps.2021.02.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}