{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:39:30Z","timestamp":1791617970584,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","plasticsurgery.theclinics.com","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Plastic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:17:04Z","timestamp":1774484224000},"page":"341-350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evolution of the Lower Extremity Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Chung-Chen","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Chan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31815-0","article-title":"The reconstructive ladder. An orthoplastic approach","volume":"24","author":"Levin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Orthop Clin N Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1695753","article-title":"Principles of orthoplastic surgery for lower extremity reconstruction: why is this important?","volume":"37","author":"Azoury","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6135","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000002809","article-title":"Orthoplastic management of Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB\/C open tibial fractures: a consecutive 10-year series from China Level I trauma center","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib4","article-title":"The value of an orthoplastic approach to management of lower extremity trauma: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Klifto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plastic Reconstr Surg, Glob Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1810090","article-title":"Orthoplastic approach to extremity reconstruction: a paradigm shift in integrated limb salvage","volume":"39","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.11.061","article-title":"Availability and quality assessment of Clinical Practice Guidelines on orthoplastic surgery treatment of open fractures of the lower limb using AGREE II tool: a systematic review","volume":"100","author":"Iurilli","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199406000-00027","article-title":"From the reconstructive ladder to the reconstructive elevator","volume":"93","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2020.12.008","article-title":"The anterolateral thigh perforator flap: its expanding role in lower extremity reconstruction","volume":"48","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.01.001","article-title":"Perforator mapping and clinical experience with the superthin profunda artery perforator flap for reconstruction in the upper and lower extremities","volume":"81","author":"Chim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200106000-00013","article-title":"The adductor flap: a new method for transferring posterior and medial thigh skin","volume":"107","author":"Angrigiani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.05.004","article-title":"Versatility of the pedicled peroneal artery perforator flaps for soft-tissue coverage of the lower leg and foot defects","volume":"64","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181ccdc08","article-title":"Lower limb reconstruction using the islanded posterior tibial artery perforator flap","volume":"125","author":"Schaverien","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.01.003","article-title":"The medial sural artery perforator flap in lower extremity reconstruction","volume":"48","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31803df4e9","article-title":"Nonlinear finite element simulations to elucidate the determinants of perforator patency in propeller flaps","volume":"59","author":"Wong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib15","first-page":"224","article-title":"In vivo human gracilis whole-muscle passive stress-sarcomere strain relationship","author":"Persad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000260595.85557.41","article-title":"Free functioning muscle transfer for lower extremity posttraumatic composite structure and functional defect","volume":"119","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.09.041","article-title":"Free functional muscle transfer for lower extremity reconstruction","volume":"86","author":"Chi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2020.00969","article-title":"Vascularized bone grafts for post-traumatic defects in the upper extremity","volume":"48","author":"Petrella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.08.013","article-title":"Reconstruction of traumatic tubular bone defects using vascularized fibular graft","volume":"52","author":"Toros","year":"2021","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198608000-00008","article-title":"Fibular osteoseptocutaneous flap: anatomic study and clinical application","volume":"78","author":"Wei","year":"1986","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01038","article-title":"Far cortical locking can reduce stiffness of locked plating constructs while retaining construct strength","volume":"91","author":"Bottlang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30063","article-title":"Vascularized fibular grafts extended with vascularized periosteum in children","volume":"37","author":"Soldado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920161209","article-title":"Comparison of vascularised iliac crest and vascularised fibula transfer for reconstruction of segmental and partial bone defects in long bones of the lower extremity","volume":"16","author":"Hierner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.014","article-title":"Three-dimensional CAD\/CAM reconstruction of the iliac bone following DCIA composite flap harvest","volume":"50","author":"Bettini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000264392.42396.a3","article-title":"The anatomical basis of the deep circumflex iliac artery perforator flap with iliac crest","volume":"120","author":"Bergeron","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31829acedd","article-title":"Vascular bone transfer options in the foot and ankle: a retrospective review and update on strategies","volume":"132","author":"Haddock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib27","article-title":"Medial femoral condyle flap","volume":"4","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plastic Reconstr Surg, Glob Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib28","first-page":"144","article-title":"Treatment of recalcitrant distal tibial nonunion using the descending genicular corticoperiosteal free flap","volume":"64","author":"Cavadas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib29","article-title":"Medial femoral condyle free flap: a systematic review and proportional meta-analysis of applications and surgical outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Scampa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plastic Reconstr Surg, Glob Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib30","article-title":"Medial femoral condyle free flap reconstruction of complex foot and ankle pathology","volume":"4","author":"Stranix","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1546420","article-title":"Torsional stability of the femur after harvest of the medial femoral condyle corticocancellous flap","volume":"31","author":"Endara","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.2185\/jrm.2022-032","article-title":"Iatrogenic distal femur fracture following medial femoral supracondylar bone graft harvest: a case report and finite element analysis","volume":"17","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Rural Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2017.03.003","article-title":"The medial femoral condyle flap to re-vitalise the femoral head for calcaneal reconstruction","volume":"70","author":"Hsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000219133.72059.71","article-title":"Free flap reconstruction of foot and ankle defects in pediatric patients: long-term outcome in 91 cases","volume":"117","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000564","article-title":"An algorithm for forefoot reconstruction with the innervated free medial plantar flap","volume":"76","author":"Zelken","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S009412982600012X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S009412982600012X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T17:01:01Z","timestamp":1784048461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S009412982600012X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S009412982600012X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-1298"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-1298","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evolution of the Lower Extremity Reconstruction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Plastic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cps.2026.02.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}