{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:46:49Z","timestamp":1792122409816,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:01:15Z","timestamp":1790690475000},"page":"102802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["AI acceptance and behavioral intention in pharmacy education: Scale development, psychometric validation, and correlates"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jihan","family":"Safwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Dabbous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"El Bakri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Essa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iqbal","family":"Fahs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Rahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fouad","family":"Sakr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0300-7","article-title":"High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence","volume":"25","author":"Topol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2020.10.010","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in drug discovery and development","volume":"26","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0015","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in the field of pharmacy practice: a literature review","volume":"12","author":"Chalasani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpe.2023.100615","article-title":"A scoping review of artificial intelligence within pharmacy education","volume":"88","author":"Abdel Aziz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Pharm Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15911","article-title":"International pharmacy students\u2019 perceptions towards artificial intelligence in medicine-a multinational, multicentre cross-sectional study","volume":"90","author":"Busch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-025-01936-w","article-title":"Students\u2019 acceptance and use of generative AI in pharmacy education: international cross-sectional survey based on the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","volume":"47","author":"Elnaem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0035","article-title":"Perspectives on the use and implementation of artificial intelligence in pharmacy education and training: views of faculty, PharmD students, and pharmacists in Saudi Arabia","volume":"12","author":"Alsharif","year":"2026","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296884","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice among pharmacy students and faculty members towards artificial intelligence in pharmacy practice: a multinational cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Hasan","year":"2024","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540","article-title":"User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view","volume":"27","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2003","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440241229570","article-title":"The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) in higher education: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1191628","article-title":"Development and validation of the AI attitude scale (AIAS-4): a brief measure of general attitude toward artificial intelligence","volume":"14","author":"Grassini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076221078110","article-title":"Exploring healthcare professionals\u2019 perceptions of artificial intelligence: piloting the Shinners artificial intelligence perception tool","volume":"8","author":"Shinners","year":"2022","journal-title":"Digital Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0065","article-title":"Initial validation of the general attitudes towards artificial intelligence scale","volume":"1","author":"Schepman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1138","article-title":"Attitudes, knowledge, and skills towards artificial intelligence among healthcare students: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Mousavi Baigi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00149","article-title":"Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: a primer","volume":"6","author":"Boateng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00852-5","article-title":"An integrative review on the acceptance of artificial intelligence among healthcare professionals in hospitals","volume":"6","author":"Lambert","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x","article-title":"Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique","volume":"32","author":"Hasson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-198611000-00017","article-title":"Determination and quantification of content validity","volume":"35","author":"Lynn","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20147","article-title":"The content validity index: are you sure you know what\u2019s being reported? Critique and recommendations","volume":"29","author":"Polit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-6918(99)00050-5","article-title":"Optimal number of response categories in rating scales: reliability, validity, discriminating power, and respondent preferences","volume":"104","author":"Preston","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Psychol (Amst)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/147078530805000106","article-title":"Do data characteristics change according to the number of scale points used? An experiment using 5-point, 7-point and 10-point scales","volume":"50","author":"Dawes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Mark Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650208321782","article-title":"Digital inequality: differences in young adults\u2019 use of the internet","volume":"35","author":"Hargittai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Commun Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.8.4.e27","article-title":"eHEALS: the eHealth literacy scale","volume":"8","author":"Norman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327566IJCE0401_04","article-title":"Foundations for an empirically determined scale of trust in automated systems","volume":"4","author":"Jian","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Cogn Ergon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0336618","article-title":"Perceived clinical and ethical impact of digital transformation in healthcare and research: a survey in the MENA region","volume":"20","author":"Hasan","year":"2025","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-015-0619-7","article-title":"Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0135","series-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"Kline","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834","article-title":"Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model Multidiscip J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/57224","article-title":"Predictors of health care practitioners\u2019 intention to use AI-enabled clinical decision support systems: meta-analysis based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","volume":"26","author":"Dingel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/64524","article-title":"Determinants of health care technology adoption using an integrated unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and task technology fit model: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Thanthrige","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000764","article-title":"Key factors influencing educational technology adoption in higher education: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLOS Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-012-0416-3","article-title":"The reliability of a two-item scale: Pearson, Cronbach, or Spearman-Brown?","volume":"58","author":"Eisinga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2016.06.004","article-title":"Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: the state of the art and future directions for psychological research","volume":"41","author":"Putnick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/65567","article-title":"Trust and acceptance challenges in the adoption of AI applications in health care: quantitative survey analysis","volume":"27","author":"Kauttonen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2025.102344","article-title":"Pharmacy faculty and students perceptions of artificial intelligence: a national survey","volume":"17","author":"Gustafson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Teach Learn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0180","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barriers regarding the integration of artificial intelligence in nursing and health sciences education: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Alqaissi","year":"2025","journal-title":"SAGE Open Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.70045","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in health education and practice: a systematic review of health students\u2019 and academics\u2019 knowledge, perceptions and experiences","volume":"72","author":"Shishehgar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Nurs Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.2289","article-title":"Perceptions and attitudes of health science students relating to artificial intelligence (AI): a scoping review","volume":"7","author":"Derakhshanian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/76574","article-title":"Acceptance of AI-powered chatbots among physiotherapy students: international cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"El-Sobkey","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-04238-8","article-title":"Empowering nursing students during AI era: educational strategies for enhancing knowledge and acceptance of artificial intelligence","volume":"25","author":"Gouda","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0205","article-title":"EHealth literacy and its outcomes among postsecondary students: systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frhs.2023.1211150","article-title":"Implementing AI in healthcare-the relevance of trust: a scoping review","volume":"3","author":"Steerling","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Health Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-01887-z","article-title":"Dual mediating effects of anxiety to use and acceptance attitude of artificial intelligence technology on the relationship between nursing students\u2019 perception of and intention to use them: a descriptive study","volume":"23","author":"Cho","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2025.1542769","article-title":"Apprehension toward generative artificial intelligence in healthcare: a multinational study among health sciences students","volume":"10","author":"Sallam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802_bb0225","article-title":"Beyond willingness: unpacking pharmacists\u2019 adoption of AI-driven clinical decision support systems through an extended UTAUT framework","volume":"14","author":"Xie","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Public Health"}],"container-title":["Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877129726002352?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877129726002352?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:30:00Z","timestamp":1792121400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877129726002352"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877129726002352"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-1297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-1297","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"AI acceptance and behavioral intention in pharmacy education: Scale development, psychometric validation, and correlates","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cptl.2026.102802","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102802"}}