{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:28:16Z","timestamp":1790850496454,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalradiologyonline.net","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,10]],"date-time":"2004-04-10T05:40:04Z","timestamp":1081575604000},"page":"390-399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Computer-aided detection in mammography"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"S.M","family":"Astley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.J","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Breast screening issues\u2014a report into workforce, funding, litigation and morale","volume":"54","author":"Field","year":"1998","journal-title":"Newsletter Roy Coll Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB2","series-title":"Breast cancer screening: report to the Health Ministers of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland","author":"Forrest","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB3","unstructured":"Working party of the Radiologists Quality Assurance Co-ordinating Group. Computer-Aided Detection in Mammography: NHS Breast Screening Programme Publications No 48, Jan 2001."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB4","series-title":"Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Digital Mammography","article-title":"An evaluation of a commercial prompting system in a busy screening centre","author":"Astley","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.18.5.9747612","article-title":"The false negative mammogram","volume":"18","author":"Huynh","year":"1998","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2000.0643","article-title":"Interval cancer peer review in East Anglia: implications for monitoring doctors as well as the NHS Breast Screening Programme","volume":"56","author":"Britton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1136\/jms.5.4.195","article-title":"A comparison of cancer detection rates achieved by breast cancer screening programmes by number of readers, for one and two view mammography: results from the UK National Health Service Breast Screening Programme","volume":"5","author":"Blanks","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Med Screen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB8","unstructured":"Review of automated and semi-automated cervical screening devices\u2014a summary. Australian Health Technology Assessment Commission, 1998, Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services, Canberra, Australia."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2000.0592","article-title":"Radiologist detection of microcalcifications with and without computer-aided detection: a comparative study","volume":"56","author":"Brem","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.215.2.r00ma15554","article-title":"Potential contribution of computer-aided detection to the sensitivity of screening mammography","volume":"215","author":"Warren Burhenne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB11","series-title":"Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Digital Mammography","article-title":"Should we use humans or a machine to pre-screen mammograms?","author":"Astley","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB12","unstructured":"R2 ImageChecker (accessed 01.10.02) http:\/\/www.r2tech.com."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB13","unstructured":"ISSI Mammoread (accessed 01.10.02) http:\/\/issicad.pointinspace.com."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB14","unstructured":"CADx Second Look (accessed 01.10.02) http:\/\/www.cadxmed.com."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2000.0567","article-title":"The visibility of cancer on previous mammograms in retrospective review","volume":"56","author":"Saarenmaa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gale AG, Savage CJ, Pawley EF, Wilson ARM, Roebuck EJ. Breast screening: visual search and observer performance. In: Kundel HL, ed. Image perception, Bellingham: International Society for Optical Engineering, 1994; p. 66\u201375.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.171751"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB17","series-title":"Digital mammography","first-page":"405","article-title":"To err is human, to compute divine?","author":"Savage","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.219.1.r01ap16192","article-title":"Mammographic characteristics of 115 missed cancers later detected with screening mammography and potential utility of computer aided detection","volume":"219","author":"Birdwell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.179.4.1790917","article-title":"Time course of perception and decision making during mammographic interpretation","volume":"179","author":"Nodine","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2211001507","article-title":"Blinded review of retrospectively visible unreported breast cancers: an eye position analysis","volume":"221","author":"Nodine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB21","series-title":"Digital mammography","first-page":"347","article-title":"Prompting in mammography: how good must prompt generators be?","author":"Astley","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB22","series-title":"Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Digital Mammography","article-title":"Impact of computer-placed prompts on sensitivity and specificity with different groups of mammographic film readers","author":"Champness","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB23","series-title":"Breast Screening Programme Annual Review 2001","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2203001282","article-title":"Screening mammography with computer-aided detection: prospective study of 12,860 patients in a community breast center","volume":"220","author":"Freer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2001.0776","article-title":"A pilot evaluation of the R2 ImageChecker system and users' response in the detection of interval breast cancers on previous screening films","volume":"56","author":"Garvican","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB26","article-title":"Computer-aided detection of masses in mammograms in comparison to independent double reading","author":"Karssemeijer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(00)00189-3","article-title":"Reproducibility, an important factor determining the quality of computer aided detection (CAD) systems","volume":"36","author":"Malich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(01)00291-1","article-title":"Computer assisted detection of interval breast cancers","volume":"39","author":"Moberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1080\/02841859809172450","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of computer-assisted breast cancer detection in mammography screening","volume":"39","author":"Thurfjell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.215.3.r00jn38703","article-title":"Breast cancer: importance of speculation in computer-aided detection","volume":"215","author":"Vyborny","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB31","series-title":"Mammographic image analysis","author":"Highnam","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(99)80027-9","article-title":"The development and evaluation of CADMIUM: a prototype system to assist in the interpretation of mammograms","volume":"3","author":"Taylor","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(99)00016-9","article-title":"Computer aided diagnosis in radiology: potential and pitfalls","volume":"31","author":"Doi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.212.3.r99au47817","article-title":"Improvement of radiologists' characterization of mammographic masses by using computer-aided diagnosis: an ROC study","volume":"212","author":"Chan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.220001257","article-title":"Potential of computer-aided diagnosis to reduce variability in radiologists' interpretations of mammograms depicting microcalcifications","volume":"220","author":"Jiang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.18.6.9821201","article-title":"Analysis of mammographic density and breast cancer risk from digitized mammograms","volume":"18","author":"Byng","year":"1998","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017_BIB37","series-title":"Digital mammography","article-title":"The calibration of grey levels in mammograms","author":"Smith","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Clinical Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009926003005282?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009926003005282?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T16:08:48Z","timestamp":1757866128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009926003005282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0009926003005282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9260","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Computer-aided detection in mammography","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}