{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:02:05Z","timestamp":1790899325330,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalradiologyonline.net","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,18]],"date-time":"2010-04-18T10:45:16Z","timestamp":1271587516000},"page":"431-439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Imaging manifestations of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.K.","family":"Bag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.R.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.K.","family":"Cur\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91777-6","article-title":"Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy","volume":"1","author":"Padgett","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.83.3.572","article-title":"The association of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and sarcoidosis","volume":"83","author":"Rosenbloom","year":"1983","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1976.03630070067020","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in renal transplant recipients","volume":"136","author":"McCormick","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196110262651701","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"265","author":"Richardson","year":"1961","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198212023072307","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a male homosexual with T-cell immune deficiency","volume":"307","author":"Miller","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii64","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.097972","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in the rheumatic diseases: assessing the risks of biological immunosuppressive therapies","volume":"67","author":"Calabrese","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib7","first-page":"605","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in autoimmune disorders","volume":"58","author":"Focosi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2006.42.10.1042190","article-title":"Natalizumab","volume":"42","author":"Berger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drugs Today (Barc)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.5414\/NPP26068","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a lymphoma patient with complete remission after treatment with cytostatics and rituximab: case report and review of the literature","volume":"26","author":"Freim Wahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-008-0857-x","article-title":"Infratentorial progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient treated with fludarabine and rituximab","volume":"29","author":"Bonavita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2009.193","article-title":"Therapy: rituximab and PML risk-informed decisions needed!","volume":"5","author":"Calabrese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-009-0739-z","article-title":"Stronger association of drug-induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with biological immunomodulating agents","volume":"66","author":"Piccinni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcpc030038","article-title":"Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 14\u20132004. A 66-year-old man with progressive neurologic deficits","volume":"350","author":"Koralnik","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10827","article-title":"Changing incidence of central nervous system diseases in the EuroSIDA cohort.","volume":"55","author":"d'Arminio Monforte","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390195388","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology and survival of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: data from the Italian Registry Investigative Neuro AIDS (IRINA)","volume":"9","author":"Antinori","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190500177995","article-title":"Successful cidofovir therapy of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy preceding angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma","volume":"46","author":"Viallard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-1037-9","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: cidofovir therapy in three patients with underlying hematological disease","volume":"250","author":"Herrlinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)63201-1","article-title":"Efficacy of camptothecin in progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy","volume":"349","author":"Vollmer-Haase","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810257","article-title":"Treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with natalizumab","volume":"361","author":"Wenning","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.187666","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in individuals with minimal or occult immunosuppression","volume":"81","author":"Gheuens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809113482","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with HIV infection","volume":"4","author":"Berger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.5.1138","article-title":"Specific diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"169","author":"Weber","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.2.484-486.1995","article-title":"Diagnostic value of detecting JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"33","author":"Fong","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410370316","article-title":"JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: predictive value for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"37","author":"McGuire","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.3.687","article-title":"Diagnosis of AIDS-related focal brain lesions: a decision-making analysis based on clinical and neuroradiologic characteristics combined with polymerase chain reaction assays in CSF","volume":"48","author":"Antinori","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib26","article-title":"JC virus infection of brain. [Published online ahead of print Mar 18, 2010]","author":"Bag","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4175","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.8.4175-4177.2005","article-title":"Reduced rate of diagnostic positive detection of JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid in cases of suspected progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy","volume":"43","author":"Marzocchetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21618","volume":"81","author":"Glass","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"26","author":"Weber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1148\/122.1.137","article-title":"Diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by computed tomography","volume":"122","author":"Carroll","year":"1977","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410170407","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: clinical and radiographic features","volume":"17","author":"Krupp","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib32","first-page":"233","article-title":"MRI pattern of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in AIDS. Pathological correlations","volume":"17","author":"Trotot","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib33","first-page":"1033","article-title":"MR imaging in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"7","author":"Guilleux","year":"1986","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib34","first-page":"1896","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS: are there any MR findings useful to patient management and predictive of patient survival? AIDS Clinical Trials Group, 243 Team","volume":"20","author":"Post","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.187.1.8451420","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in 47 HIV-seropositive patients: neuroimaging with clinical and pathologic correlation","volume":"187","author":"Whiteman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-001-0714-6","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy limited to the brain stem","volume":"44","author":"Kastrup","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000141860.97900.8A","article-title":"MRI in PML: bilateral medullary lesions","volume":"63","author":"Mathew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0788-6","article-title":"Infratentorial progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) in a patient with SLE (2008: 4b)","volume":"18","author":"Svensson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000257132.24299.76","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with selective involvement of the pyramidal tracts","volume":"68","author":"Semmler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.046003","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy with discrete involvement of pyramidal tract","volume":"76","author":"Sobha","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.31","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis: a comparative study","volume":"66","author":"Boster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.173.2.2798883","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with AIDS: appearance on MR images","volume":"173","author":"Mark","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib43","first-page":"172","volume":"22","author":"Sarrazin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib44","first-page":"977","article-title":"Initial and follow-up MR imaging findings in AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"22","author":"Thurnher","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01362.x","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: value of diffusion-weighted and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis and treatment control","volume":"13","author":"Kuker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.287085135","article-title":"From the archives of the AFIP: central nervous system infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: radiologic\u2013pathologic correlation","volume":"28","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.151.2.373","article-title":"CT, MR, and pathology in HIV encephalitis and meningitis","volume":"151","author":"Post","year":"1988","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054693","article-title":"Evaluation of patients treated with natalizumab for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"354","author":"Yousry","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2008.00981.x","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy showing extensive spinal cord involvement in a patient with lymphocytopenia","volume":"29","author":"Takeda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280701469178","article-title":"Spinal cord lesions of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient","volume":"13","author":"Bernal-Cano","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-006-0095-3","article-title":"Conventional and diffusion-weighted MRI in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: new elements for identification and follow-up","volume":"111","author":"da Pozzo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-1115-9","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: diffusion-weighted imaging and pathological correlations","volume":"46","author":"Bergui","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib53","first-page":"285","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: serial high-b-value diffusion-weighted MR imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient measurements to assess response to highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"28","author":"Usiskin","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1051","article-title":"Diffusion tensor MR imaging and fiber tractography: theoretic underpinnings","volume":"29","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib55","first-page":"2153","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: early predictor for demyelination?","volume":"26","author":"Huisman","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.4.836","article-title":"Metabolite abnormalities in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"48","author":"Chang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.4.520","article-title":"Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy pattern of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS","volume":"66","author":"Iranzo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2007.3.4.200","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS: proton MR spectroscopy patterns of asynchronous lesions confirmed by serial diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient mapping","volume":"3","author":"Yoon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.4.516","article-title":"Localised 1H-MR spectroscopy for metabolic characterisation of diffuse and focal brain lesions in patients infected with HIV","volume":"64","author":"Simone","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.210.2.r99fe19539","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and human immunodeficiency virus-associated white matter lesions in AIDS: magnetization transfer MR imaging","volume":"210","author":"Ernst","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1999.tb01046.x","article-title":"Absence of thallium-201 brain uptake in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS patients","volume":"100","author":"Iranzo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.211.2.r99ma37507","article-title":"Intracranial mass lesions: sequential thallium and gallium scintigraphy in patients with AIDS","volume":"211","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib63","first-page":"1575","article-title":"PET scanning and the human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient","volume":"38","author":"O'Doherty","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib64","first-page":"597","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: clinical and MR response to treatment","volume":"17","author":"Garrels","year":"1996","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-008-0302-3","article-title":"Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: evaluation of long-term survivors under highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"27","author":"Sakai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280500511741","article-title":"Central nervous system immune reconstitution disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients receiving highly active antiretroviral treatment","volume":"11","author":"Gray","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000343510.08643.74","article-title":"PML-IRIS in patients with HIV infection: clinical manifestations and treatment with steroids","volume":"72","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31817bec64","article-title":"Influence of HAART on the clinical course of HIV-1-infected patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: results of an observational multicenter study","volume":"49","author":"Falco","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32830a5043","article-title":"Cidofovir in addition to antiretroviral treatment is not effective for AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a multicohort analysis","volume":"22","author":"De Luca","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c0d4a1","article-title":"Determinants of survival in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"73","author":"Marzocchetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440309","article-title":"Predictive factors for prolonged survival in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"44","author":"Berger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000343854.80344.69","article-title":"Neurologic immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV\/AIDS: outcome and epidemiology","volume":"72","author":"McCombe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-0966-4","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: analysis of lesion development with diffusion-weighted MRI","volume":"45","author":"Mader","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0845-1","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"18","author":"Cosottini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009926010000954?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009926010000954?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T16:21:29Z","timestamp":1757866889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009926010000954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0009926010000954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9260","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Imaging manifestations of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}