{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T03:25:49Z","timestamp":1778815549247,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalradiologyonline.net","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T15:31:31Z","timestamp":1488382291000},"page":"356-374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Current and future approaches to large airways imaging in adults and children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Semple","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Calder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.M.","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Padley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2462070712","article-title":"Fleischner society: glossary of terms for thoracic imaging","volume":"246","author":"Hansell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.14.5.7991828","article-title":"CT of bronchial and bronchiolar diseases","volume":"14","author":"Hartman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib3","first-page":"6","article-title":"Inflammation: a two-edged sword\u2013the model of bronchiectasis","volume":"147","author":"Cole","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2015140214","article-title":"Bronchiectasis: mechanisms and imaging clues of associated common and uncommon diseases","volume":"35","author":"Milliron","year":"2015","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis foundation patient registry 2014 annual data report","author":"Marshall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cyst Fibros Found"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib6","unstructured":"England, PH. NHS antenatal and newborn screening programmes: key messages 2016\/17. Available at: cpd.screening.nhs.uk\/keymessageslides. [Accessed 1 September 2016]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-200912","article-title":"Progression of early structural lung disease in young children with cystic fibrosis assessed using CT","volume":"67","author":"Mott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2312021393","article-title":"Pulmonary disease assessment in cystic fibrosis: comparison of CT scoring systems and value of bronchial and arterial dimension measurements","volume":"231","author":"de Jong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.03.08","article-title":"Chest CT abnormalities and quality of life: relationship in adult cystic fibrosis","volume":"4","author":"Kilcoyne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(99)90847-4","article-title":"Newly diagnosed cystic fibrosis in adults: pattern and distribution of bronchiectasis in 12 cases","volume":"54","author":"Mason","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2558-3","article-title":"High-resolution CT of nontuberculous mycobacterium infection in adult CF patients: diagnostic accuracy","volume":"22","author":"McEvoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200603-343OC","article-title":"Computed tomography reflects lower airway inflammation and tracks changes in early cystic fibrosis","volume":"175","author":"Davis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201105-0816OC","article-title":"Chest computed tomography scores of severity are associated with future lung disease progression in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"184","author":"Sanders","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00137612","article-title":"Impact of bronchiectasis and trapped air on quality of life and exacerbations in cystic fibrosis","volume":"42","author":"Tepper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.12.015","article-title":"Mortality in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a prospective cohort analysis","volume":"108","author":"Goeminne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890510011985","article-title":"Primary ciliary dyskinesia: clinical presentation, diagnosis and genetics","volume":"37","author":"Storm van's Gravesande","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21569","article-title":"Progression of lung disease in primary ciliary dyskinesia: is spirometry less accurate than CT?","volume":"47","author":"Maglione","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.06.0965","article-title":"High-resolution CT of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia","volume":"188","author":"Kennedy","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0808","article-title":"Clinical significance of hyperattenuating mucoid impaction in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: an analysis of 155 patients","volume":"132","author":"Agarwal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15346","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015346","article-title":"An alternate method of classifying allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis based on high- attenuation mucus","volume":"5","author":"Agarwal","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(03)00110-6","article-title":"CT of tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections","volume":"40","author":"Goo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiol Clin N Am"},{"issue":"1024","key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20120209","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20120209","article-title":"CT findings of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in non-AIDS immunocompromised patients: a case-controlled comparison with immunocompetent patients","volume":"86","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2011.10.028","article-title":"Respiratory disease in common variable immunodeficiency and other primary immunodeficiency disorders","volume":"67","author":"Hampson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(05)80501-X","article-title":"Bronchiectasis in hypogammaglobulinaemia\u2013a computed tomography assessment","volume":"44","author":"Curtin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.150.4.777","article-title":"Tracheobronchomegaly (Mounier-Kuhn syndrome): CT diagnosis","volume":"150","author":"Shin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-003-2034-1","article-title":"HRCT in small and large airways diseases","volume":"14","author":"Sibtain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Radiol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940611500101","article-title":"Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis","volume":"115","author":"Derkay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000147918.81733.49","article-title":"Integration of human papillomavirus type 11 in recurrent respiratory papilloma-associated cancer","volume":"114","author":"Reidy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.12.4.1636031","article-title":"Diseases of the trachea and main-stem bronchi: correlation of CT with pathologic findings","volume":"12","author":"Kwong","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.3109\/02841851003682036","article-title":"Pulmonary CT findings in relapsing polychondritis","volume":"51","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S215","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.22.suppl_1.g02oc02s215","article-title":"Nonneoplastic lesions of the tracheobronchial wall: radiologic findings with bronchoscopic correlation","volume":"22","author":"Prince","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W240","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.4146","article-title":"CT of diffuse tracheal diseases","volume":"196","author":"JH","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1837","article-title":"Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis in the chest: high-resolution CT findings","volume":"192","author":"Ananthakrishnan","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1422-2","article-title":"Thoracic manifestation of Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis: CT findings in 30 patients","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2055552015598050","article-title":"Giant pulmonary artery aneurysm in a setting of Wegener's granulomatosis","volume":"1","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Thorac Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2009.12.005","article-title":"Nonneoplastic tracheal and bronchial stenoses","volume":"20","author":"Grenier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorac Surg Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0854-y","article-title":"Spiral CT virtual bronchoscopy with multiplanar reformatting in the evaluation of post-intubation tracheal stenosis: comparison between endoscopic, radiological and surgical findings","volume":"266","author":"Taha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto Rhino Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300000619","article-title":"CT findings of the chest in adults with aspirated foreign bodies","volume":"11","author":"Zissin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(05)70541-6","article-title":"Primary tracheal tumours","volume":"7","author":"Macchiarini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.9043","article-title":"Tumors and tumorlike conditions of the large airways","volume":"201","author":"Ngo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.291085126","article-title":"Tumors in the tracheobronchial tree: CT and FDG PET features","volume":"29","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.5858\/2007-131-1400-MCOTBA","article-title":"Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus: a review","volume":"131","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)02251-7","article-title":"Giant bronchial carcinoid tumors: a multidisciplinary approach","volume":"71","author":"Fischer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.3.1760707","article-title":"Focal abnormalities of the trachea and main bronchi","volume":"176","author":"Marom","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2016.0033","article-title":"Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours of the respiratory system and the impact of the varying patterns","volume":"98","author":"Lodhia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedex.2008.05.003","article-title":"Airway obstruction due to a retro-tracheal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour in a 19-month-old boy","volume":"4","author":"Das-Purkayastha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol Extra"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.1.202","article-title":"Endobronchial hamartoma","volume":"122","author":"Cos\u00edo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.1.g00ja0343","article-title":"Solitary pulmonary nodules: Part I. Morphologic evaluation for differentiation of benign and malignant lesions","volume":"20","author":"Erasmus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.157.2.1853800","article-title":"Broncholithiasis: CT features in 15 patients","volume":"157","author":"Conces","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2473062124","article-title":"Multidetector CT evaluation of congenital lung anomalies","volume":"247","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3037","article-title":"Emerging battery-ingestion hazard: clinical implications","volume":"125","author":"Litovitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.312105108","article-title":"EXIT procedure: technique and indications with prenatal imaging parameters for assessment of airway patency","volume":"31","author":"Dighe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2008.11.009","article-title":"Congenital abnormalities of intrathoracic airways","volume":"47","author":"Desir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiol Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.e29","article-title":"Multimodality imaging of tracheobronchial disorders in children","volume":"28","author":"Yedururi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e660","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3931","article-title":"Management of congenital tracheal stenosis","volume":"136","author":"Hofferberth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.e17","article-title":"Congenital anomalies of the tracheobronchial tree, lung, and mediastinum: embryology, radiology, and pathology","volume":"24","author":"Berrocal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-013-2867-y","article-title":"Scoring of chest CT in children with cystic fibrosis: state of the art","volume":"44","author":"Calder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rti.0000203937.82276.ce","article-title":"Reproducibility of a scoring system for computed tomography scanning in cystic fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Brody","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.045146","article-title":"Progression of lung disease on computed tomography and pulmonary function tests in children and adults with cystic fibrosis","volume":"61","author":"de Jong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201501-0061OC","article-title":"A quantitative structural lung disease computed tomography outcome in young children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"191","author":"Rosenow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02117.x","article-title":"Quantitative pulmonary imaging using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"17","author":"Washko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015140949","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: CT quantification of airway dimensions, numbers of airways to measure, and effect of bronchodilation","volume":"277","author":"Hackx","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-014-0084-3","article-title":"Airway wall thickness is increased in COPD patients with bronchodilator responsiveness","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000213","article-title":"Imaging modalities in cystic fibrosis: emerging role of MRI","volume":"21","author":"Wielp\u00fctz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3850-9","article-title":"Assessment of CF lung disease using motion corrected PROPELLER MRI: a comparison with CT","volume":"26","author":"Ciet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib66","unstructured":"Siemens Erlangen. Siemens Somotom Force Technical Specifications.\u00a0Available at: https:\/\/www.healthcare.siemens.co.uk\/computedtomography\/dual-source-ct\/somatom-force\/technical-specifications. [Accessed 1 September 2016]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.15141655","article-title":"Quiet submillimeter MR imaging of the lung is feasible with a PETRA sequence at 1.5 T","volume":"276","author":"Dournes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4218-5","article-title":"Lung morphology assessment of cystic fibrosis using MRI with ultra-short echo time at submillimeter spatial resolution","volume":"26","author":"Dournes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.07.025","article-title":"Improved visualization of delayed perfusion in lung MRI","volume":"77","author":"Risse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-013-2708-z","article-title":"Aortopulmonary collateral flow in cystic fibrosis assessed with phase-contrast MRI","volume":"43","author":"Fleck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22031","article-title":"Non-contrast-enhanced perfusion and ventilation assessment of the human lung by means of Fourier decomposition in proton MRI","volume":"62","author":"Bauman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2005.07.008","article-title":"Hyperpolarized HHe 3 MRI of the lung in cystic fibrosis: assessment at baseline and after bronchodilator and airway clearance treatment","volume":"12","author":"Mentore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203711","article-title":"What are ventilation defects in asthma?","volume":"69","author":"Svenningsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25002","article-title":"Functional imaging of the lungs with gas agents","volume":"43","author":"Kruger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3158","article-title":"Oxygen-enhanced 3D radial ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging in the healthy human lung","volume":"27","author":"Kruger","year":"2014","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib76","series-title":"Proc 22nd Annu. Meet. ISMRM Milan","article-title":"Comparison of regional ventilation defect distribution between oxygen-enhanced and hyperpolarized He-3 MRI","author":"Kruger","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2012.12.003","article-title":"Functional MRI using Fourier decomposition of lung signal: reproducibility of ventilation- and perfusion-weighted imaging in healthy volunteers","volume":"82","author":"Lederlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.08.018","article-title":"Validation of Fourier decomposition MRI with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI using visual and automated scoring of pulmonary perfusion in young cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"82","author":"Bauman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-008-0914-x","article-title":"Xenon ventilation CT using a dual-source dual-energy technique: dynamic ventilation abnormality in a child with bronchial atresia","volume":"38","author":"Goo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201607-529ED","article-title":"Excessive dynamic airway collpase: a standalone cause of exertional dyspnea?","volume":"13","author":"Murgu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2164","article-title":"Comparison of dynamic expiratory CT with bronchoscopy for diagnosing airway malacia: a pilot evaluation","volume":"131","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2401050562","article-title":"Relapsing polychondritis: prevalence of expiratory CT airway abnormalities","volume":"240","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2011.06.006","article-title":"Multidetector computed tomography of pediatric large airway diseases: state-of-the-art","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiol Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F290","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.062604","article-title":"Computed tomography versus bronchography in the diagnosis and management of tracheobronchomalacia in ventilator dependent infants","volume":"90","author":"Mok","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-004-2461-7","article-title":"Respiratory lumenal change of the pharynx and trachea in normal subjects and COPD patients: assessment by cine-MRI","volume":"14","author":"Heussel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2015.39.3.360","article-title":"Effects of incentive spirometry on respiratory motion in healthy subjects using cine breathing magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"39","author":"Kotani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med Orig Artic Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib87","first-page":"A3717","article-title":"Creating personalized airway stents via 3D printing","volume":"191","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2010.517578","article-title":"Regional deposition of particles in an image-based airway model: large-eddy simulation and left-right lung ventilation asymmetry","volume":"45","author":"Lambert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1089\/jam.1991.4.69","article-title":"Targeting respiratory drug delivery with aerosol boluses","volume":"4","author":"Bennett","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2009.0749","article-title":"Left-to-right asymmetry of aerosol deposition after shallow bolus inhalation depends on lung ventilation","volume":"22","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"}],"container-title":["Clinical Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009926017300405?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009926017300405?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T16:35:11Z","timestamp":1757867711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009926017300405"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0009926017300405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9260","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Current and future approaches to large airways imaging in adults and children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2017.01.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}