{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T10:46:06Z","timestamp":1775645166768,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalradiologyonline.net","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T07:38:43Z","timestamp":1598341123000},"page":"50-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Chest complications in immunocompromised patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): differentiation between infectious and non-infectious diseases using high-resolution CT findings"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Kunihiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kawano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Yujiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Gondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.190.1.8259414","article-title":"Acute lung disease in the immunocompromised host: CT and pathologic examination findings","volume":"190","author":"Brown","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-2171(95)90024-1","article-title":"Acute lung disease in the immunocompromised host: differential diagnosis at high-resolution CT","volume":"16","author":"Worthy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)00405-5","article-title":"High-resolution computed tomography in acute diffuse lung disease in the immunocompromised patient","volume":"32","author":"Primack","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.217.3.r00dc35647","article-title":"Pulmonary infections in immunocompromised hosts: the importance of correlating the conventional radiologic appearance with the clinical setting","volume":"217","author":"Oh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.1.260","article-title":"Pulmonary infiltrates in the non-HIV-infected immunocompromised patient: etiologies, diagnostic strategies, and outcomes","volume":"125","author":"Shorr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2010.01982.x","article-title":"Importance of pulmonary imaging diagnostics in the management of febrile neutropenic patients","volume":"54","author":"Heussel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-005-0008-1","article-title":"High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of lung infections in non-AIDS immunocompromised patients","volume":"16","author":"Franquet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.162.3.8109494","article-title":"Diagnosis of thoracic complications in AIDS: accuracy of CT","volume":"162","author":"Hartman","year":"1994","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(05)70335-3","article-title":"Acute lung disease in the immunocompromised host","volume":"39","author":"Hiorns","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib10","unstructured":"(Blinded)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2007-413ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society research statement: non-infectious lung injury after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: idiopathic pneumonia syndrome","volume":"183","author":"Panoskaltsis-Mortari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/126.2.161","article-title":"Misinterpretation and misuse of the kappa statistic","volume":"126","author":"Maclure","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/77712845","article-title":"CT halo sign: the spectrum of pulmonary diseases","volume":"78","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00005382-199904000-00008","article-title":"Computed tomography halo sign in pulmonary nodules: frequency and diagnostic value","volume":"14","author":"Gaeta","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2004.06.001","article-title":"Septal thickening: HRCT findings and differential diagnosis","volume":"33","author":"Andreu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib16","series-title":"High-resolution CT of the lung","first-page":"74","article-title":"HRCT findings: linear and reticular opacities","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.5.g00se081245","article-title":"Pulmonary drug toxicity: radiologic and pathologic manifestations","volume":"20","author":"Rossi","year":"2000","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2243011236","article-title":"Drug-induced pneumonitis: thin-section CT findings in 60 patients","volume":"224","author":"Akira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2001.0792","article-title":"Drug-induced lung disease: high-resolution CT and histological findings","volume":"57","author":"Cleverley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300101013","article-title":"CT findings of leukemic pulmonary infiltration with pathologic correlation","volume":"12","author":"Tanaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.174.2.1740517","article-title":"Pulmonary leukemic infiltrates: high-resolution CT findings in 10 patients","volume":"174","author":"Heyneman","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.158.6.1590110","article-title":"CT findings in lymphangitic carcinomatosis of the lung: correlation with histologic findings and pulmonary function tests","volume":"158","author":"Johkoh","year":"1992","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.168.2.9016202","article-title":"Imaging of pulmonary lymphomas","volume":"168","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib24","series-title":"High-resolution CT of the lung","first-page":"280","article-title":"Diffuse pulmonary neoplasms and pulmonary lymphoproliferative diseases","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2016.06.109","article-title":"High-resolution CT findings of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: based on the updated concept of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome by the American Thoracic Society in 2011","volume":"71","author":"Tanaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2253011490","article-title":"Small-vessel diseases of the lung: CT\u2013pathologic correlates","volume":"225","author":"Hansell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2012.05.001","article-title":"Imaging findings in pulmonary vasculitis","volume":"33","author":"Castaner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib28","series-title":"High-resolution CT of the lung","first-page":"481","article-title":"Pulmonary oedema and acute respiratory distress syndrome","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/39696316","article-title":"Differences and similarities of cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-negative immunocompromised patients thin section CT morphology in the early phase of the disease","volume":"80","author":"Vogel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185114539320","article-title":"The usefulness of a diagnostic method combining high-resolution CT findings and serum markers for cytomegalovirus pneumonia and pneumocystis pneumonia in non-AIDS patients","volume":"56","author":"Kunihiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199009000-00014","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: CT and HRCT observations","volume":"14","author":"Bergin","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W555","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7329","article-title":"Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia: high-resolution CT findings in patients with and without HIV infection","volume":"198","author":"Kanne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.2871","article-title":"Comparison of clinical and radiological features of pneumocystis pneumonia between malignancy cases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases: a multicenter study","volume":"49","author":"Tasaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.4.1811059","article-title":"Thin-section CT findings in 32 immunocompromised patients with cytomegalovirus pneumonia who do not have AIDS","volume":"181","author":"Franquet","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/70800575","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation: high resolution CT findings","volume":"77","author":"Gasparetto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W636","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.1592","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus pneumonia after stem cell transplantation: correlation of CT findings with clinical outcome in 30 patients","volume":"187","author":"Horger","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199603000-00024","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in transplant patients: CT findings","volume":"20","author":"Kang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2000.1.2.73","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus pneumonia: high-resolution CT findings in ten non-AIDS immunocompromised patients","volume":"1","author":"Moon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000342","article-title":"Infection in immunocompromised hosts: imaging","volume":"33","author":"Tanaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11092149","article-title":"Imaging of pulmonary viral pneumonia","volume":"260","author":"Franquet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029_bib41","first-page":"75","article-title":"CT findings in immunocompromised patients with pulmonary infections","volume":"14","author":"Demirkazik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009926020303172?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009926020303172?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T16:43:38Z","timestamp":1757868218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009926020303172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0009926020303172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9260","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chest complications in immunocompromised patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): differentiation between infectious and non-infectious diseases using high-resolution CT findings","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}