{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T17:01:01Z","timestamp":1785517261517,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalradiologyonline.net","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T01:40:27Z","timestamp":1602294027000},"page":"160.e15-160.e25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma: imaging findings with clinicopathological correlation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Inui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Tanahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Fukukura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Morisaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Fukusato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Furui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Oba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2017","volume":"67","author":"Siegel","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30018-8","article-title":"Distinctive features of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"1","author":"Degasperi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25762","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association","volume":"55","author":"Chalasani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181f31caa","article-title":"Steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma (SH-HCC): a distinctive histological variant of HCC in hepatitis c virus-related cirrhosis with associated NAFLD\/NASH","volume":"34","author":"Salomao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2011.07.005","article-title":"The steatohepatitic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma and its association with underlying steatohepatitis","volume":"43","author":"Salomao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13203","article-title":"Clinicopathological Investigation of steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter study using immunohistochemical analysis of adenoma-related markers","volume":"48","author":"Taniai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12343","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma with steatohepatitic features: a clinicopathological study of Japanese patients","volume":"64","author":"Shibahara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2012-0048-OA","article-title":"Steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma, a morphological indicator of associated metabolic risk factors: a study from India","volume":"137","author":"Jain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-015-1836-2","article-title":"\u0392-Catenin alteration is rare in hepatocellular carcinoma with steatohepatitic features: immunohistochemical and mutational study","volume":"467","author":"Ando","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12116","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis in non-cirrhotic liver: a clinical and pathological study","volume":"28","author":"Alexander","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-018-1749-z","article-title":"Pathological variants of hepatocellular carcinoma on MRI: emphasis on histopathological correlation","volume":"44","author":"Low","year":"2019","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.18136","article-title":"Fat-containing liver lesions on imaging: detection and differential diagnosis","volume":"210","author":"Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14132362","article-title":"CT and MR imaging diagnosis and staging of hepatocellular carcinoma: part II. Extracellular agents, hepatobiliary agents, and ancillary imaging features","volume":"273","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation","volume":"15","author":"Albert","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-015-1129-1","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in Japanese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease: multicenter survey","volume":"51","author":"Tokushige","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-015-1050-7","article-title":"Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"50","author":"Watanabe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22709","article-title":"Pathological diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma: a report of the international consensus group for hepatocellular Neoplasia","volume":"49","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000368144","article-title":"Pathological diagnosis of benign hepatocellular nodular lesions based on the new World Health Organization classification","volume":"87","author":"Kondo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200104","article-title":"Intraobserver and interobserver variations in liver biopsy interpretation in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"20","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.03.019","article-title":"Systematic review of risk factors for fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Argo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.03.002","article-title":"Prediction of microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinomas with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging: impact of intra-tumoural fat detected on chemical-shift images","volume":"84","author":"Min","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80369-4","article-title":"Pathomorphological study on the mechanism of fatty change in small hepatocellular carcinoma of humans","volume":"33","author":"Kutami","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11101840","article-title":"Imaging study of early hepatocellular carcinoma: usefulness of gadoxetic acid-enhanced Mr imaging","volume":"261","author":"Sano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2010.08.002","article-title":"MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"18","author":"Khatri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2016.04.020","article-title":"Fatty change in moderately and poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma on MRI: a possible mechanism related to decreased arterial flow","volume":"71","author":"Asayama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W868","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.6237","article-title":"Gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary phase MRI and high-B-value diffusion-weighted imaging to distinguish well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas from benign nodules in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"197","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7750","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in differentiating hepatocellular adenoma from focal nodular hyperplasia: prospective study of the additional value of gadoxetate disodium","volume":"199","author":"Bieza","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-016-0165-5","article-title":"Qualitative analysis of small (\u22642 cm) regenerative nodules, dysplastic nodules and well-differentiated HCCs with gadoxetic acid MRI","volume":"16","author":"Martino","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3144-7","article-title":"Gadoxetic acid enhanced MRI for differentiation of FNH and HCA: a single centre experience","volume":"24","author":"Grieser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.316115527","article-title":"Genetics and imaging of hepatocellular adenomas: 2011 update","volume":"31","author":"Katabathina","year":"2011","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.214.3.r00mr28861","article-title":"Hepatocellular adenoma: multiphasic CT and histopathological findings in 25 patients","volume":"214","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2361040338","article-title":"Accurate differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatic adenoma at gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging: prospective study","volume":"236","author":"Grazioli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11101742","article-title":"Hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia: value of gadoxetic acid-enhanced Mr imaging in differential diagnosis","volume":"261","author":"Grazioli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7433","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i42.7433","article-title":"Differentiation between dysplastic nodule and early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: the utility of conventional MR imaging","volume":"19","author":"Chou","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200607000-00008","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging appearance of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2676-y","article-title":"MR findings of steatotic focal nodular hyperplasia and comparison with other fatty tumours","volume":"23","author":"Ronot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib38","author":"ACR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2015.16.3.449","article-title":"MRI features of hepatocellular carcinoma related to biological behavior","volume":"16","author":"Cho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.8632","article-title":"MRI detection of intratumoural fat in hepatocellular carcinoma: potential biomarker for a more favorable prognosis","volume":"199","author":"Siripongsakun","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009926020304037?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009926020304037?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:15:23Z","timestamp":1785514523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009926020304037"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0009926020304037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9260","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma: imaging findings with clinicopathological correlation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2020.09.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal College of Radiologists.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}