{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:44:51Z","timestamp":1785818691611,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":151,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD1600805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1600805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Research in Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:01:21Z","timestamp":1780617681000},"page":"101462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["L-Theanine ameliorates high-protein diet-associated hepatic glucose and lipid metabolic alterations by promoting fatty acid \u03b2-oxidation and suppressing lipid synthesis and gluconeogenesis in rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sha","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1551-1984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lanlan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueping","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiyan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6258-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2015.09.002","article-title":"Role of glycogen phosphorylase in liver glycogen metabolism","volume":"46","author":"Agius","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.14278","article-title":"Chronodisruption that dampens output of the central clock abolishes rhythms in metabolome profiles and elevates acylcarnitine levels in the liver of female rats","volume":"241","author":"Arora","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1093","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00082.2013","article-title":"Palmitoleic acid (n-7) increases white adipocyte lipolysis and lipase content in a PPAR\u03b1-dependent manner","volume":"305","author":"Bolsoni-Lopes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.02.004","article-title":"A mitochondrial NADPH-cholesterol axis regulates extracellular vesicle biogenesis to support hematopoietic stem cell fate","volume":"31","author":"Bonora","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib5","article-title":"Targeting FDFT1 reduces cholesterol and bile acid production and delays hepatocellular carcinoma progression through the HNF4A\/ALDOB\/AKT1 axis","volume":"12","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020298","article-title":"Homeostasis of glucose and lipid in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Chao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124819","article-title":"A randomized 3-way crossover study indicates that high-protein feeding induces de novo lipogenesis in healthy humans","volume":"4","author":"Charidemou","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9111","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO01070K","article-title":"Selenium-rich royal jelly inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through PI3K\/AKT and VEGF pathways in H22 tumor-bearing mice","volume":"12","author":"Chi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14151177","article-title":"Oxidative and glycolytic metabolism: their reciprocal regulation and dysregulation in cancer","volume":"14","author":"Cordani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2025.101103","article-title":"The effect of Gougunao tea polysaccharide on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet and its structural characteristics","volume":"10","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Food Sci."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13182977","article-title":"L-Theanine ameliorates obesity-related complications induced by high-fat diet in mice: insights from transcriptomics and metabolomics","volume":"13","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.335","article-title":"Procedures for large-scale metabolic profiling of serum and plasma using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry","volume":"6","author":"Dunn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.150256","article-title":"Identification of ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase hinge (UQCRH) as a potential diagnostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-022-09725-w","article-title":"Interactions between nuclear receptors glucocorticoid receptor \u03b1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b1 form a negative feedback loop","volume":"23","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.989995","article-title":"Tandem mass tag-based proteomics analysis reveals the multitarget mechanisms of Phyllanthus emblica against liver fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Gong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00641-8","article-title":"The molecular basis of nutrient sensing and signalling by mTORC1 in metabolism regulation and disease","volume":"24","author":"Goul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2015.122","article-title":"Regulation of glucose metabolism from a liver-centric perspective","volume":"48","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123096","article-title":"Hypoxanthine ameliorates diet-induced insulin resistance by improving hepatic lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis via AMPK\/mTOR\/PPAR\u03b1 pathway","volume":"357","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3940-5","article-title":"Hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism","volume":"59","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155285","article-title":"Formononetin promotes fatty acid \u03b2-oxidation to treat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through SIRT1\/PGC-1\u03b1\/PPAR\u03b1 pathway","volume":"124","author":"Liao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO02451D","article-title":"l-Theanine regulates glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism via insulin and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202200198","article-title":"L-Theanine mitigates the harmful effects of excess high-protein diet in rats by regulating protein metabolism","volume":"67","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-020-00391-0","article-title":"Protein-rich diets for weight loss maintenance","volume":"9","author":"Magkos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and \u03b2-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Energy value of foods: basis and derivation","volume":"74","author":"Merrill","year":"1973","journal-title":"Agric. Handb. US Dep. Agric."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2021.06.003","article-title":"SREBP-1c impairs ULK1 sulfhydration-mediated autophagic flux to promote hepatic steatosis in high-fat-diet-fed mice","volume":"81","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition","volume":"935","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Health Organ. Tech. Rep. Ser."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7346","article-title":"Riligustilide alleviates hepatic insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis in T2DM mice through multitarget actions","volume":"36","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.1.109","article-title":"Meta-analysis of nitrogen balance studies for estimating protein requirements in healthy adults","volume":"77","author":"Rand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1692742","article-title":"Metabolic crossroads in insulin resistance: exploring lipid dysregulation and inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Saadati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.08.002","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a nexus of metabolic and hepatic diseases","volume":"27","author":"Samuel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-061121-091507","article-title":"Gluconeogenesis flux in metabolic disease","volume":"43","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321774","article-title":"Hepatic Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 16 (KLF16) targets PPAR\u03b1 to improve steatohepatitis and insulin resistance","volume":"70","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.117.257873","article-title":"Long-term intake of a high-protein diet affects body phenotype, metabolism, and plasma hormones in mice","volume":"147","author":"Vu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00333","article-title":"Aqueous extract of black Maca prevents metabolism disorder via regulating the Glycolysis\/Gluconeogenesis-TCA cycle and PPAR\u03b1 signaling activation in golden hamsters fed a high-fat, high-fructose diet","volume":"9","author":"Wan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib36","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of palmitoleic acid in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: targeting ferroptosis and lipid metabolism disorders","volume":"142","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6277","article-title":"The beneficial health effects of green tea amino acid l-theanine in animal models: promises and prospects for human trials","volume":"33","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-019-00771-5","article-title":"The effects of green tea amino acid L-Theanine consumption on the ability to manage stress and anxiety levels: a systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03980-6","article-title":"Depdc5 deficiency exacerbates alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis via suppression of PPAR\u03b1 pathway","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05060-7","article-title":"Dihydromyricetin ameliorates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance via AMPK\/PGC-1\u03b1 and PPAR\u03b1-mediated autophagy pathway","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9250088","DOI":"10.26599\/FSHW.2024.9250088","article-title":"Effect of L-theanine combined with geniposide on depression-like behavior induced by the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in mice","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Wellness"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.08.008","article-title":"Effects of high-protein diet on glycemic control, insulin resistance and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"39","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14192","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c05839","article-title":"Protective effect of l-Theanine against DSS-Induced colitis by regulating the lipid metabolism and reducing inflammation via the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0162-4","article-title":"High-protein diets increase cardiovascular risk by activating macrophage mTOR to suppress mitophagy","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00687-6","article-title":"High-protein diet prevents fat mass increase after dieting by counteracting Lactobacillus-enhanced lipid absorption","volume":"4","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155241","article-title":"Higd1a facilitates exercise-mediated alleviation of fatty liver in diet-induced obese mice","volume":"134","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolism"}],"container-title":["Current Research in Food Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2665927126001620?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2665927126001620?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:06:59Z","timestamp":1785816419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2665927126001620"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S2665927126001620"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462","relation":{},"ISSN":["2665-9271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2665-9271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"L-Theanine ameliorates high-protein diet-associated hepatic glucose and lipid metabolic alterations by promoting fatty acid \u03b2-oxidation and suppressing lipid synthesis and gluconeogenesis in rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Research in Food Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101462","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101462"}}