{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T10:24:32Z","timestamp":1794219872417,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":177,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018532","name":"Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018532","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019JZZY020903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JZZY020903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Research in Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:10:10Z","timestamp":1782601810000},"page":"101489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Residual characteristics and chronic health risk assessment of multiple pesticides in 23 daily-consumed vegetables from Shandong, China: A 4-year investigation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Da","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongshuai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yemin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjie","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shancang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib3","series-title":"Guideline on Sampling for Pesticide Residue Analysis","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib2","series-title":"Pesticide Multiresidue Screen Methods for Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides, Organochlorine Pesticides, Pyrethroid Pesticides and Carbamate Pesticides in Vegetables and Fruits","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib1","series-title":"Classification and Codes of agro-products","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.132516","article-title":"Method validation, residue and risk assessment of 260 pesticides in some leafy vegetables using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"384","author":"Balkan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2011.01.007","article-title":"Evaluation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Xiamen, China","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2019.04.015","article-title":"A national-scale cumulative exposure assessment of organophosphorus pesticides through dietary vegetable consumption in China","volume":"104","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2013.05.006","article-title":"Detection of the residues of nineteen pesticides in fresh vegetable samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"34","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2023.108500","article-title":"Occurrence and safety assessment of 18 frequently registered pesticides and their metabolites on cucumbers in open field and greenhouse in China","volume":"189","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.05.036","article-title":"Monitoring and dietary exposure assessment of pesticide residues in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in Hainan, China","volume":"59","author":"Duan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.125487","article-title":"Validation of ultrasonic-assisted switchable solvent liquid phase microextraction for trace determination of hormones and organochlorine pesticides by GC-MS and combination with QuEChERS","volume":"305","author":"Durak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib11","first-page":"6491","article-title":"The 2019 European union report on pesticide residues in food","volume":"19","year":"2021","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib12","first-page":"7215","article-title":"The 2020 European union report on pesticide residues in food","volume":"20","year":"2022","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.07.001","article-title":"Organophosphate pesticide exposure, PON1, and neurodevelopment in school-age children from the CHAMACOS study","volume":"134","author":"Eskenazi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib14","series-title":"Analytical Quality Control and Method Validation Procedures for Pesticide Residues Analysis in Food and Feed. Document No. SANTE\/11312\/2021","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.1021\/es303525x","article-title":"Variability of pesticide dissipation half-lives in plants","volume":"47","author":"Fantke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib16","series-title":"Food Safety Risk Analysis: a Guide for National Food Safety Authorities","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib17","series-title":"Pesticide Residues in Food: Report 2012 \u2013 Joint FAO\/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib18","series-title":"Pesticide Residues in Food: Report 2024 \u2013 Joint FAO\/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.09.014","article-title":"Determination of eight pesticides in Lycium barbarum by LC-MS\/MS and dietary risk assessment","volume":"218","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107416","article-title":"Monitoring and dietary risk assessment of 81 pesticide residues in 11 local agricultural products from the 3 largest cities of Cameroon","volume":"118","author":"Galani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.01.011","article-title":"Global research trends in food safety in agriculture and industry from 1991 to 2018: a data-driven analysis","volume":"85","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900870","article-title":"Developmental changes in PON1 enzyme activity in young children and effects of PON1 polymorphisms","volume":"117","author":"Huen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2011.11.001","article-title":"Brazilian monitoring programs for pesticide residues in food\u2014Results from 2001 to 2010","volume":"25","author":"Jardim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110674","article-title":"Pesticide residues in food of plant origin commercialized in Brazil from 2010 to 2020 \u2013 an update from the two national monitoring programs","volume":"165","author":"Jardim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.4315\/JFP-20-236","article-title":"Detection of pesticide residues in vegetables sold in Changchun City, China","volume":"84","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Protect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4751","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.16088","article-title":"Pesticide residues and dietary risk assessment in radishes in Shandong","volume":"87","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131676","article-title":"Risk assessment of pesticide residues from foods of plant origin in Lebanon","volume":"374","author":"Khazaal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2022.104957","article-title":"Determination and dietary risk assessment of 52 pesticide residues in vegetable and fruit samples by GC-MS\/MS and UHPLC-QTOF\/MS from Gujarat, India","volume":"115","author":"Kottadiyil","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112428","article-title":"Simultaneous determination and risk assessment of highly toxic pesticides in the market-sold vegetables and fruits in China: a 4-year investigational study","volume":"221","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2022.104645","article-title":"Determination, distribution and potential health risk assessment of insecticides and acaricides in citrus fruits of China","volume":"111","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3390\/jox15040125","article-title":"Prioritization and sensitivity of pesticide risks from root and tuber vegetables","volume":"15","author":"Lu\u010di\u0107","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Xenobiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.145355","article-title":"Probabilistic dietary exposure and risk ranking of pesticides in peppers (capsicum annuum): regional and consumer group variability","volume":"492","author":"Lu\u010di\u0107","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113667","article-title":"Risk assessment of carbofuran residues in fruits and vegetables at the Chinese market: a 7-year survey","volume":"239","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.125188","article-title":"Multivariate response surface methodology assisted modified QuEChERS extraction method for the evaluation of organophosphate pesticides in fruits and vegetables cultivated in Nilgiris, South India","volume":"300","author":"Narenderan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(01)00480-5","article-title":"Food contamination by metals and pesticides in the European union. Should we worry?","volume":"127","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib37","series-title":"National Food Safety standard-maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.02.001","article-title":"Total diet study on pesticide residues in France: levels in food as consumed and chronic dietary risk to consumers","volume":"45","author":"Nougad\u00e8re","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.108663","article-title":"Pesticide residues in fresh vegetables imported into the United Arab Emirates","volume":"133","author":"Osaili","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43795","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-25307-y","article-title":"Evaluation of pesticide residues in vegetables and risk assessment from Incheon, Korea","volume":"30","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib40","first-page":"105","article-title":"Pesticide residues in leafy vegetables, stalk and stem vegetables from South Korea: a long-term study on safety and health risk assessment","volume":"33","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2021.104222","article-title":"Potential health risk of pesticide residues in greenhouse vegetables under modern urban agriculture: a case study in Beijing, China","volume":"105","author":"Ping","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.11.022","article-title":"Results from the Danish monitoring programme for pesticide residues from the period 2004-2011","volume":"74","author":"Poulsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2020.103663","article-title":"Risk assessment of fungicide pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits in the mid-western region of China","volume":"95","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2015.03.036","article-title":"Pesticide residues determination in China vegetables in 2010-2013 applying gas chromatography with mass spectrometry","volume":"72","author":"Qin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12132454","article-title":"Multivariate assessment and risk ranking of pesticide residues in citrus fruits","volume":"12","author":"Radulovi\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9098-y","article-title":"Evaluation of carbofuran-mediated toxicity against human lymphocytes and red blood cells in simulated wastewater degraded by coagulation\u2013flocculation","volume":"24","author":"Saini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158640","article-title":"Occurrence, distribution, and driving factors of current-use pesticides in commonly cultivated crops and their potential risks to non-target organisms: a case study in Hainan, China","volume":"854","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.07.023","article-title":"Human health risk assessment on the consumption of fruits and vegetables containing residual pesticides: a cancer and non-cancer risk\/benefit perspective","volume":"108","author":"Valcke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131863","article-title":"Multiresidue analysis and dietary risk assessment of pesticides in eight minor vegetables from Guizhou, China","volume":"380","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2022.107175","article-title":"A survey of multiple pesticide residues on litchi: a special fruit","volume":"175","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062480","article-title":"Residue levels and dietary intake risk assessments of 139 pesticides in agricultural produce using the m-PFC method based on SBA-15-C18 with GC-MS\/MS","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib53","series-title":"The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2009","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib54","series-title":"Second Workshop on Reliable Evaluation of low-level Contamination of Food","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib55","series-title":"The Fifth China Total Diet Study","author":"Wu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2024.101323","article-title":"Risk assessment of multiple pesticide residues in Agrocybe aegerita: based on a 3-year monitoring survey","volume":"22","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.08.013","article-title":"Concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides in fresh vegetables and related human health risk assessment in Changchun, Northeast China","volume":"60","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2013.08.008","article-title":"Residue of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in vegetables and probabilistic exposure assessment for consumers in Zhejiang Province, China","volume":"36","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2016.05.035","article-title":"Monitoring and probabilistic risk assessment of chlorothalonil residues in vegetables from Shandong province (China)","volume":"80","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.130389","article-title":"Residual characteristics and potential integrated risk assessment of synthetic pyrethroids in leafy vegetables from Zhejiang in China\u2013based on a 3-year investigation","volume":"365","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."}],"container-title":["Current Research in Food Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2665927126001899?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2665927126001899?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T09:52:25Z","timestamp":1794217945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2665927126001899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["S2665927126001899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489","relation":{},"ISSN":["2665-9271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2665-9271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Residual characteristics and chronic health risk assessment of multiple pesticides in 23 daily-consumed vegetables from Shandong, China: A 4-year investigation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Research in Food Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101489","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101489"}}