{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T20:41:10Z","timestamp":1794343270461,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":221,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010203","name":"Agriculture Research System of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BAIC01-2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BAIC01-2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007934","name":"Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJCX20240402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJCX20240402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007934","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007934","name":"Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJCX20240331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJCX20240331"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007934","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Research in Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T23:36:15Z","timestamp":1786750575000},"page":"101532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Enhancing glucosinolate profiles in broccoli (Brassica oleracea) sprouts via electron beam irradiation: A functional food approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuezhi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3352-2988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xirui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongju","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangmin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127102","article-title":"Elevated CO(2) improves glucosinolate metabolism and stimulates anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties of broccoli sprouts","volume":"328","author":"Almuhayawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.47.4.497","article-title":"Biomass effects and selenium accumulation in sprouts of three vegetable species grown in selenium-enriched conditions","volume":"47","author":"Arscott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hortscience"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6216","DOI":"10.1021\/jf4016834","article-title":"Assessment of the anticancer compounds Se-methylselenocysteine and glucosinolates in Se-biofortified broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) sprouts and florets","volume":"61","author":"Avila","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.05.134","article-title":"Impact of selenium supply on Se-methylselenocysteine and glucosinolate accumulation in selenium-biofortified Brassica sprouts","volume":"165","author":"Avila","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4191","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eru192","article-title":"Stress-responsive hydroxycinnamate glycosyltransferase modulates phenylpropanoid metabolism in Populus","volume":"65","author":"Babst","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.04.022","article-title":"Aliphatic glucosinolate synthesis and gene expression changes in gamma-irradiated cabbage","volume":"209","author":"Banerjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197382","article-title":"Terpenes and terpenoids in plants: interactions with environment and insects","volume":"21","author":"Boncan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.01735","article-title":"Fire and brimstone: molecular interactions between sulfur and glucosinolate biosynthesis in model and crop Brassicaceae","volume":"7","author":"Borpatragohain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2008.07.011","article-title":"Irradiation effects on meat flavor: a review","volume":"81","author":"Brewer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erz119","article-title":"Secondary sulfur metabolism in cellular signalling and oxidative stress responses","volume":"70","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"issue":"5910","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1164627","article-title":"Glucosinolate metabolites required for an Arabidopsis innate immune response","volume":"323","author":"Clay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2018.12.014","article-title":"Linoleic and linolenic acid hydroperoxides interact differentially with biomimetic plant membranes in a lipid specific manner","volume":"175","author":"Deleu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-806X(01)00622-3","article-title":"Food irradiation\u2014past, present and future","volume":"63","author":"Diehl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiation Phys. Chem."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10367","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.19.10367","article-title":"Broccoli sprouts: an exceptionally rich source of inducers of enzymes that protect against chemical carcinogens","volume":"94","author":"Fahey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4053","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erab109","article-title":"Nucleotide-sugar metabolism in plants: the legacy of Luis F. Leloir","volume":"72","author":"Figueroa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.12541","article-title":"Comparative analysis of Arabidopsis UGT74 glucosyltransferases reveals a special role of UGT74C1 in glucosinolate biosynthesis","volume":"79","author":"Grubb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.01095","article-title":"Isothiocyanates, nitriles, and epithionitriles from glucosinolates are affected by genotype and developmental stage in Brassica oleracea varieties","volume":"8","author":"Hanschen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib20","article-title":"Plant unsaturated fatty acids: multiple roles in stress response","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.01560","article-title":"Coordination of glucosinolate biosynthesis and turnover under different nutrient conditions","volume":"10","author":"Jeschke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2025.112602","article-title":"Radiation hormesis and reactive oxygen species-mediated stress priming in plants","volume":"359","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16108","article-title":"Glucosinolate and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis are linked by proteasome-dependent degradation of PAL","volume":"225","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.010416","article-title":"A gene controlling variation in arabidopsis glucosinolate composition is part of the methionine chain elongation pathway","volume":"127","author":"Kroymann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib25","first-page":"875","article-title":"Electron beam irradiation in food processing: current applications and strategies for commercial scale implementation. Sustain","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14010014","article-title":"Glucoraphanin accumulation via glucoraphanin synthesis promotion during broccoli germination","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2019.06.005","article-title":"Plant lipid remodeling in response to abiotic stresses","volume":"165","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70296","article-title":"A comprehensive review of germination impact on moringa seeds and sprouts: physiological and biochemical changes, bioactive compounds, health benefits, and food applications. Compr","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.3256","article-title":"Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of cold plasma promoting biosynthesis of active substances in broccoli sprouts","volume":"34","author":"Lyu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11607","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140611607","article-title":"The physiological importance of glucosinolates on plant response to abiotic stress in Brassica","volume":"14","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Ballesta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2021.111650","article-title":"Postharvest UV-B and UV-C radiation enhanced the biosynthesis of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates in Brassicaceae sprouts","volume":"181","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Zamora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2004.04.013","article-title":"Heating decreases epithiospecifier protein activity and increases sulforaphane formation in broccoli","volume":"65","author":"Matusheski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.102.019240","article-title":"CYP83A1 and CYP83B1, two nonredundant cytochrome P450 enzymes metabolizing oximes in the biosynthesis of glucosinolates in Arabidopsis","volume":"133","author":"Naur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2013.01.001","article-title":"Plant chemical defense: at what cost?","volume":"18","author":"Neilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3790","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koac207","article-title":"The nucleotide metabolome of germinating Arabidopsis thaliana seeds reveals a central role for thymidine phosphorylation in chloroplast development","volume":"34","author":"Niehaus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1571825","article-title":"Phenylpropanoids metabolism: recent insight into stress tolerance and plant development cues","volume":"16","author":"Ninkuu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2007.11.005","article-title":"Differential expression of four Arabidopsis PAL genes; PAL1 and PAL2 have functional specialization in abiotic environmental-triggered flavonoid synthesis","volume":"165","author":"Olsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.115.021816","article-title":"Flux control in a defense pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana is robust to environmental perturbations and controls variation in adaptive traits","volume":"5","author":"Olson-Manning","year":"2015","journal-title":"G3-Genes Genom. Gene."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib40","article-title":"Occurrence, function, and biosynthesis of the natural auxin phenylacetic acid (PAA) in plants","volume":"12","author":"Perez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0960258513000391","article-title":"Activation and regulation of primary metabolism during seed germination","volume":"24","author":"Rosental","year":"2014","journal-title":"Seed Sci. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2010.02.005","article-title":"Biosynthesis of glucosinolates-gene discovery and beyond","volume":"15","author":"S\u00f8nderby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3346","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043346","article-title":"The role of reactive oxygen species in plant response to radiation","volume":"24","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib44","first-page":"14","article-title":"Chemical genetics applied to elucidate the physiological role of stress-signaling molecules on the wound-induced accumulation of glucosinolates in broccoli","volume":"10","author":"Torres-Contreras","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants-Basel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib46","series-title":"Electronic Code of Federal Regulations","article-title":"21 CFR \u00a7179.26\u2014Ionizing radiation for the treatment of food","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00045","article-title":"Plants as biofactories: postharvest stress-induced accumulation of phenolic compounds and glucosinolates in broccoli subjected to wounding stress and exogenous phytohormones","volume":"7","author":"Villarreal-Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2008.04.005","article-title":"Microbial quality assessment and pathogen inactivation by electron beam and gamma irradiation of commercial seed sprouts","volume":"20","author":"Waje","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib49","article-title":"Biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of isoflavonoids in model plants and crops: a review","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2018.09.003","article-title":"Effect of electron beam irradiation on the functional properties and antioxidant activity of wheat germ protein hydrolysates","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib51","first-page":"1303","article-title":"Jasmonates: biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling by proteins activating and repressing transcription","volume":"68","author":"Wasternack","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2024.115365","article-title":"Effects of electron beam irradiation on the sensory qualities and bioactive compounds of broccoli sprout juice","volume":"199","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15273","article-title":"Mechanisms and functions of membrane lipid remodeling in plants","volume":"107","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010231","article-title":"Determination of 18 intact glucosinolates in Brassicaceae vegetables by UHPLC-MS\/MS: comparing tissue disruption methods for sample preparation","volume":"27","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9370","DOI":"10.1021\/jf062109h","article-title":"Induction of GST and NQO1 in cultured bladder cells and in the urinary bladders of rats by an extract of broccoli (Brassica oleraceaitalica) sprouts","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."}],"container-title":["Current Research in Food Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2665927126002327?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2665927126002327?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T19:32:01Z","timestamp":1794339121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2665927126002327"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S2665927126002327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532","relation":{},"ISSN":["2665-9271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2665-9271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Enhancing glucosinolate profiles in broccoli (Brassica oleracea) sprouts via electron beam irradiation: A functional food approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Research in Food Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crfs.2026.101532","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101532"}}