{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T01:07:43Z","timestamp":1783386463835,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,31]],"date-time":"2007-07-31T19:12:19Z","timestamp":1185909139000},"page":"109-120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Management of thymomas"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Cameron D.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11099","article-title":"Malignant thymoma in the United States: demographic patterns in incidence and associations with subsequent malignancies","volume":"105","author":"Engels","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60907-0","volume":"68","author":"Morgenthaler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Thymoma Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.134.2.374","article-title":"The spectrum of diseases associated with thymoma: coincidence or syndrome?","volume":"154","author":"Suadjian","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.5.1454","article-title":"Paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis: detection of anti-MGT30 (titin) antibodies predicts thymic epithelial tumor","volume":"49","author":"Voltz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.8.1581","article-title":"Titin antibodies in myasthenia gravis: identification of a major immunogenic region of titin","volume":"43","author":"Gautel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199709000-00012","article-title":"Extended cervicomediastinal thymectomy in the integrated management of myasthenia gravis","volume":"226","author":"Bulkley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib7","first-page":"S155","article-title":"The role of plasmapheresis in preparing patients with myasthenia for thymectomy","volume":"9","author":"Cumming","year":"1986","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200105000-00010","article-title":"Invasive and noninvasive thymoma: distinctive CT features","volume":"25","author":"Tomiyama","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.157","article-title":"PET imaging of primary mediastinal tumours","volume":"73","author":"Kubota","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(99)70015-2","article-title":"Primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors: the influence of postchemotherapy pathology on long-term survival after surgery","volume":"118","author":"Kesler","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.02.082","article-title":"Acute presentation of thymoma with infarction or hemorrhage","volume":"82","author":"Wright","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.48.6.632","article-title":"Percutaneous needle biopsy of the mediastinum: review of 94 procedures","volume":"48","author":"Morrissey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib13","series-title":"Atlas of tumor pathology. Fascile 13, Series 2","article-title":"Tumors of the thymus","author":"Rosai","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(20)31934-6","article-title":"Thymoma. A clinicopathological study","volume":"42","author":"Bernatz","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(78)80131-2","article-title":"Thymic hyperplasia and neoplasia. A review of current concepts","volume":"9","author":"Levine","year":"1978","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00737071","article-title":"Thymoma and thymic carcinoma. Relation of thymoma epithelial cells to the cortical and medullary differentiation of the thymus","volume":"407","author":"Marino","year":"1985","journal-title":"Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Histopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib17","series-title":"WHO international classification of tumors","article-title":"Histological typing of tumors of the thymus","author":"Rosai","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib18","series-title":"Tumors of the lung, thymus and heart. Pathology and genetics","article-title":"Tumors of the thymus","author":"Muller-Hermelink","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10226","article-title":"The World Health Organization histologic classification system reflects the oncologic behavior of thymoma: a clinical study of 273 patients","volume":"94","author":"Okumura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19811201)48:11<2485::AID-CNCR2820481123>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Follow-up study of thymoma with special reference to their clinical stages","volume":"48","author":"Masaoka","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/1010-7940(94)90155-4","article-title":"Thymectomy and malignancy","volume":"8","author":"Masaoka","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothoracic Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02316810","article-title":"Prognostic importance of histomorphologic subclassification for epithelial thymic tumors","volume":"4","author":"Schneider","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(03)00798-0","article-title":"Thymoma: a clinicopathologic study based on the new World Health Organization classification","volume":"126","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib24","first-page":"421","article-title":"Surgery for thymoma","volume":"11","author":"Port","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib25","first-page":"185","article-title":"The use of minimally invasive resection techniques","volume":"4","author":"Kaiser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(94)91658-6","article-title":"Videothoracoscopic excision of mediastinal masses: indications and techniques","volume":"58","author":"Roviaro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(92)91162-3","article-title":"Thoracoscopic resection of an anterior mediastinal tumor","volume":"54","author":"Landreneau","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(93)91054-Q","article-title":"Thoracoscopic thymoma resection [comment]","volume":"55","author":"Acuff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1988.6.11.1722","article-title":"Invasive thymoma: the role of mediastinal irradiation following complete or incomplete surgical resection","volume":"6","author":"Curran","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90911-Z","article-title":"Thymoma: treatment and prognosis","volume":"23","author":"Pollack","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10373","article-title":"Postoperative radiotherapy for patients with completely resected thymoma","volume":"94","author":"Ogawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(92)91391-L","article-title":"Adjuvant radiotherapy after complete resection of thymoma","volume":"54","author":"Haniuda","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03828-6","article-title":"Adjuvant radiation therapy for stage II thymoma","volume":"74","author":"Mangi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00819-1","article-title":"Comparison of stages: thymoma treated by complete resection with or without adjuvant radiation","volume":"76","author":"Singhal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00555-1","article-title":"Therapy for thymic epithelial tumors: a clinical study of 1,320 patients from Japan","volume":"76","author":"Kondo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2006.10.022","article-title":"Does adjuvant radiation therapy improve disease-free survival in completely resected Masaoka stage II thymoma?","volume":"31","author":"Rena","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.12.051","article-title":"Adjuvant radiation of stage III thymoma: is it necessary?","volume":"79","author":"Mangi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910815)68:4<706::AID-CNCR2820680407>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery and postoperative radiation therapy for invasive thymoma","volume":"68","author":"Macchiarini","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690773","article-title":"Primary chemotherapy with adriamycin, cisplatin, vincristine and cyclophosphamide in locally advanced thymomas: a single institution experience","volume":"81","author":"Berruti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)34092-9","article-title":"Chemotherapy and operation for invasive thymoma","volume":"106","author":"Rea","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib41","article-title":"A multidisciplinary approach to therapy for unresectable malignant thymoma","volume":"129","author":"Shin Dm","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2003.12.010","article-title":"Phase II study of a multidisciplinary approach with induction chemotherapy followed by surgical resection, radiation therapy and consolidation chemotherapy for unresectable malignant thymomas: final report","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01020-8","article-title":"Long-term outcome after multimodality treatment for stage III thymic tumors","volume":"76","author":"Venuta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.12.047","article-title":"Advanced stage thymomas and thymic carcinomas: results of multimodality treatments","volume":"79","author":"Lucchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00983-3","article-title":"Surgical treatment for invasive thymoma, especially when the superior vena cava is invaded","volume":"61","author":"Yagi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9098(199609)63:1<17::AID-JSO4>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Preoperative radiotherapy and surgery for advanced thymoma with invasion to the great vessels","volume":"63","author":"Akaogi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.05.028","article-title":"Pleuropneumonectomy for the treatment of Masaoka stage IVA thymoma","volume":"82","author":"Wright","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.4_Supplement.296S","article-title":"Controversies in the management of malignant thymoma","volume":"112","author":"Kohman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.9.3093","article-title":"Cisplatin, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide plus thoracic radiation therapy for limited-stage unresectable thymoma: an intergroup trial","volume":"15","author":"Loehrer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1994.12.6.1164","article-title":"Cisplatin plus doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide in metastatic or recurrent thymoma: final results of an Intergroup trial","volume":"12","author":"Loehrer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2004.12.005","article-title":"Radiation therapy in the management of thymic tumors","volume":"17","author":"Eng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sem Thorac Tardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2004.11.003","article-title":"Role of chemotherapy in the management of advanced thymic tumors","volume":"17","author":"Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sem Thorac cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0936-6555(05)80783-6","article-title":"Dramatic response of recurrent invasive thymoma to high doses of corticosteroids","volume":"4","author":"Kirkove","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.02.047","article-title":"Octreotide alone or with prednisone in patients with advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma: a ECOG phase II trial","volume":"22","author":"Loeher","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cco.0000152628.43867.8e","article-title":"Treatment of malignant thymoma","volume":"17","author":"Giaccone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2004.12.004","article-title":"Treatment of recurrent thymic tumors","volume":"17","author":"Ciccone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sem Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)01175-2","article-title":"Results of re-resection for recurrent thymomas","volume":"64","author":"Regnard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(97)70399-4","article-title":"Recurrence of thymoma: analysis of clinicopathologic features, treatment and outcome","volume":"113","author":"Ruffini","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(90)90300-U","article-title":"Reoperation for thymoma: report of 23 cases","volume":"49","author":"Kirschner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(96)70265-9","article-title":"Prognostic factors and long-term results after thymoma resection: a series of 307 patients","volume":"112","author":"Regnard","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2005.07.026","article-title":"Predictors of recurrence in thymic tumors: importance of invasion. WHO histology and size","volume":"130","author":"Wright","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199910000-00012","article-title":"Clinical and pathologic predictors of survival in patients with thymoma","volume":"230","author":"Wilkins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.9.1142","article-title":"Association between thymoma and second neoplasms","volume":"283","author":"Welsh","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1040842807000819?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1040842807000819?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T21:51:22Z","timestamp":1629496282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1040842807000819"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1040842807000819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-8428"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-8428","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}}}