{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T21:23:34Z","timestamp":1782249814455,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":199,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,2]],"date-time":"2019-03-02T10:58:00Z","timestamp":1551524280000},"page":"92-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A rare rarity: Neuroendocrine tumor of the esophagus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Giannetta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Guarnotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Rota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"de Cicco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Grillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Colao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9324-3946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antongiulio","family":"Faggiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.08.016","article-title":"An esophageal collision tumor","volume":"12","author":"Adachi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.81.97","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a case report","volume":"81","author":"Akagi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nippon Med. Sch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0015","first-page":"Doc12","article-title":"Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: patient data metaanalysis and review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Al Mansoor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ger. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.4694","article-title":"Esophageal small-cell carcinoma with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone","volume":"50","author":"Ando","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1269\/jrr.09074","article-title":"Chemoradiation for small cell esophageal carcinoma: report of 11 cases from multi-institution experience","volume":"51","author":"Atsumi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E302","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1255791","article-title":"Endoscopic mucosal resection of a mid-esophageal carcinoid with EUS guidance","volume":"42","author":"Babich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2402417","article-title":"Clinicopathological profile of pure neuroendocrine neoplasms of the esophagus: a south indian center experience","volume":"2016","author":"Babu Kanakasetty","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6929","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14322","article-title":"A retrospective study of NENs and miR-224 promotes apoptosis of BON-1 cells by targeting PCSK9 inhibition","volume":"8","author":"Bai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-509X.15103","article-title":"(18)FDG PET in primary oat cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"42","author":"Basu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-200010000-00005","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: analysis of 10 cases and review of the published data","volume":"23","author":"Bennouna","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199104000-00004","article-title":"Primary small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Report of 11 cases and review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Beyer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-007-0533-1","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma with concomitant adenocarcinoma arising in a Barrett\u2019s oesophagus: report of a case with a favourable behaviour","volume":"452","author":"Bibeau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24858","article-title":"Should extrapulmonary small cell cancer be managed like small cell lung cancer?","volume":"116","author":"Brennan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1983.tb02240.x","article-title":"Oat cell carcinomas of the oesophagus: a clinico-pathological study of 23 cases","volume":"7","author":"Briggs","year":"1983","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199412000-00018","article-title":"Carcinoid tumor of the esophagus","volume":"19","author":"Brown","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)36798-4","article-title":"Unusual malignant neoplasms of the esophagus. Oat cell carcinoma, melanoma, and sarcoma","volume":"101","author":"Caldwell","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.48.4.404","article-title":"Combined oesophageal adenocarcinoma and carcinoid in Barrett\u2019s oesophagitis: potential role of enterochromaffin-like cells in oesophageal malignancy","volume":"48","author":"Cary","year":"1993","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19971015)80:8<1366::AID-CNCR2>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a review of the literature with emphasis on therapy and prognosis","volume":"80","author":"Casas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.41738","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"14","author":"Chatni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Saudi J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.02.027","article-title":"Esophageal atypical carcinoid tumor with tracheal invasion","volume":"134","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2010.01112.x","article-title":"Treatment and prognosis of limited disease primary small cell carcinoma of esophagus","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-222","article-title":"Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: clinicopathological study of 44 cases","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.02.037","article-title":"Detailed analysis of prognostic factors in primary esophageal small cell carcinoma","volume":"97","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.5858\/2001-125-0228-IFTTFA","article-title":"Immunostaining for thyroid transcription factor 1 and cytokeratin 20 aids the distinction of small cell carcinoma from Merkel cell carcinoma, but not pulmonary from extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas","volume":"125","author":"Cheuk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyn041","article-title":"Irinotecan plus cisplatin for therapy of small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus: report of 12 cases from single institution experience","volume":"38","author":"Chin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0130","first-page":"36","article-title":"Small cell type of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma resembling a submucosal tumor","volume":"40","author":"Chino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tokai J. Exp. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2000.00851.x","article-title":"Basaloid squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus: a distinct neoplasm with multipotential differentiation","volume":"36","author":"Cho","year":"2000","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197911)44:5<1853::AID-CNCR2820440544>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Mucin-producing carcinoid (\"composite tumor\") of upper third of esophagus: a variant of carcinoid tumor","volume":"44","author":"Chong","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2050.2001.00172.x","article-title":"Telomerase activity in small cell esophageal carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Chow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7028","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i44.7028","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors incidentally found by endoscopic examinations","volume":"11","author":"Chuah","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1673.1996.tb00396.x","article-title":"Primary small-cell carcinoma of the oesophagus with spontaneous oesophageal perforation following chemotherapy","volume":"40","author":"Clark","year":"1996","journal-title":"Australas. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1989.tb01219.x","article-title":"Cerebellar cortical degeneration in association with small-cell carcinoma of the oesophagus","volume":"15","author":"Cox","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(95)70390-X","article-title":"Primary small-cell cancer of the esophagus","volume":"109","author":"Craig","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2013.07.011","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with esophageal cancer","volume":"23","author":"Darling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorac. Surg. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0589","article-title":"Trends in the incidence, prevalence, and survival outcomes in patients with neuroendocrine tumors in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Dasari","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1159\/000326958","article-title":"Esophageal small cell carcinoma with synchronous renal cell carcinoma: a case report with review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Deepak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Case Rep. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000335595","article-title":"ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the management of patients with gastroduodenal neoplasms","volume":"95","author":"Delle Fave","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0190","first-page":"696","article-title":"A retrospective study of different treatments of limited-stage small-cell esophageal carcinoma and associated prognostic factor analysis","volume":"26","author":"Ding","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(84)90421-8","article-title":"Oat cell carcinoma of esophagus: a report of six British patients with a review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Doherty","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R315","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0012","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic drivers of neuroendocrine tumours (NET)","volume":"24","author":"Domenico","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.44.9.749","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the oesophagus: report of three cases and review of published cases","volume":"44","author":"Eccles","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173501","article-title":"Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 14 cases","volume":"12","author":"Egashira","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0215","first-page":"647","article-title":"A case of esophageal small cell carcinoma with multiple liver metastases responding to chemotherapy with irinotecan plus cisplatin","volume":"24","author":"Endo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0220","first-page":"1671","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors involving the gastroenteropancreatic tract: a clinicopathological evaluation of 773 cases","volume":"66","author":"Estrozi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinics Sao Paulo (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0225","first-page":"463","article-title":"Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (PSCEC) associated with paraneoplastic sweating syndrome: a case report and literature review","volume":"27","author":"Fattahi Masoum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0230","first-page":"256","article-title":"Metastatic brain tumors from small-cell esophageal cancer: clinical characteristics and outcome","volume":"10","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(05)83294-5","article-title":"Imaging of small cell carcinoma of the oesophagus","volume":"50","author":"Fenlon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481708300741","article-title":"Primary site predicts grade for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"83","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-014-0443-7","article-title":"A case of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagogastric junction","volume":"12","author":"Fukuchi M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2012.1008","article-title":"Second-line chemotherapy for refractory small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus that relapsed after complete remission with irinotecan plus cisplatin therapy: case report and review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Funakoshi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19970501)79:9<1729::AID-CNCR14>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma","volume":"79","author":"Galanis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12149","article-title":"Chemotherapy with cisplatin or carboplatin in combination with etoposide for small-cell esophageal cancer: a systemic analysis of case series","volume":"27","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0265","first-page":"1","article-title":"Case report: esophageal collision tumor (oat cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) in Barrett\u2019s esophagus: immunohistochemical, electron microscopy and LOH analysis","volume":"18","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12473","article-title":"Nuclear, cytoplasmic, and stromal expression of ZEB1 in squamous and small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"123","author":"Goscinski","year":"2015","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0275","first-page":"1204","article-title":"[A case of small cell carcinoma of the esophagus with remarkable response to chemotherapy with CPT-11 and CDDP]","volume":"104","author":"Goto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.21976","article-title":"Does surgery or radiation therapy impact survival for patients with extrapulmonary small cell cancers?","volume":"104","author":"Grossman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0285","first-page":"229","article-title":"[A rare case of a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus. Intermediate between a well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma and a low-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma]","volume":"25","author":"Gumprich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pathologe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.12498","article-title":"Epidemiological features of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in Chengdu city with a population of 14 million based on data from a single institution","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.07.027","article-title":"Residual setup errors and dose variations with less-than-daily image guided patient setup in external beam radiotherapy for esophageal cancer","volume":"102","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23883","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumor epidemiology: contrasting Norway and North America","volume":"113","author":"Hauso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2010.11.002","article-title":"Set-up errors in radiotherapy for oesophageal cancers--is electronic portal imaging or conebeam more accurate?","volume":"98","author":"Hawkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0310","first-page":"173","article-title":"The evolving role of radiation therapy in the treatment of locally advanced lung cancer","volume":"20","author":"Hazuka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200204000-00016","article-title":"Carcinoid tumor of the esophagus: a clinicopathologic study of four cases","volume":"26","author":"Hoang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197805)41:5<1890::AID-CNCR2820410533>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"A cytologic study on small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"41","author":"Horai","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0325","first-page":"1738","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Analysis of 14 cases and literature review","volume":"52","author":"Hosokawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.20353","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: clinicopathological features and outcome of 22 cases","volume":"17","author":"Hosseini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran. Red Crescent Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069259","article-title":"Multidisciplinary modalities achieve encouraging long-term survival in resectable limited-disease esophageal small cell carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Hou","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2008.04633.x","article-title":"Simultaneous thoracotomy and laparotomy for small cell carcinoma of oesophagogastric junction","volume":"78","author":"Hsu","year":"2008","journal-title":"ANZ J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31826d2639","article-title":"Primary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 42 resection cases","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2014.11.007","article-title":"Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603611","article-title":"Small cell oesophageal carcinoma: an institutional experience and review of the literature","volume":"96","author":"Hudson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.1.179","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The Massachusetts General Hospital experience, 1978 to 1993","volume":"107","author":"Huncharek","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics5020119","article-title":"Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gastroenteropancreatic system: a comprehensive review","volume":"5","author":"Ilett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diagnostics Basel (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197801)41:1<358::AID-CNCR2820410148>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Oat cell carcinoma (apudoma) of the esophagus: a case report","volume":"41","author":"Imai","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930460310","article-title":"Primary undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: clinicopathological and flow cytometric evaluation of eight cases","volume":"46","author":"Isolauri","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0380","first-page":"181","article-title":"Carboplatin and etoposide combined with radiotherapy for limited-stage small-cell esophageal carcinoma: three cases and review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Isoyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyp173","article-title":"Cisplatin and etoposide as first-line chemotherapy for poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the hepatobiliary tract and pancreas","volume":"40","author":"Iwasa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19840415)53:8<1746::AID-CNCR2820530822>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the esophagus. Case report with hormonal studies","volume":"53","author":"Johnson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0395","article-title":"Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare but important tumour found in the oesophagus","volume":"2016","author":"Kadhim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep. Gastrointest. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.5387\/fms.53.51","article-title":"A case of esophageal small cell carcinoma associated with hypercalcemia causing severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"53","author":"Kanno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fukushima J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19800401)45:7<1558::AID-CNCR2820450708>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus: treatment by chemotherapy alone","volume":"45","author":"Kelsen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2006.21.5.833","article-title":"Clinical overview of extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.31729\/jnma.2485","article-title":"A carcinoid tumor of the esophagus treated with endoscopic ablation therapy","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"JNMA J. Nepal Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-11-218","article-title":"Mixed adeno(neuro)endocrine carcinoma arising from the ectopic gastric mucosa of the upper thoracic esophagus","volume":"11","author":"Kitajima","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-007-2114-0","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features and histochemical analyses of proliferative activity and angiogenesis in small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"42","author":"Koide","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.12.022","article-title":"Incidence and survival of neuroendocrine tumours in the Netherlands according to histological grade: experience of two decades of cancer registry","volume":"49","author":"Korse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdm476","article-title":"Small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction: review of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience","volume":"19","author":"Ku","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4239","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-013-3167-3","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a SEER database analysis","volume":"20","author":"Kukar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.09.030","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a report of 16 cases from a single institution and literature review","volume":"91","author":"Kuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1159\/000441381","article-title":"Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus: a case from Saudi Arabia","volume":"9","author":"Kuriry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.5858\/2000-124-0228-ESCC","article-title":"Esophageal small cell carcinomas: clinicopathologic parameters, p53 overexpression, proliferation marker, and their impact on pathogenesis","volume":"124","author":"Lam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940615)73:12<2894::AID-CNCR2820731204>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"73","author":"Law","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860601071893","article-title":"Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma: single center experience with 61 patients","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-569","article-title":"The clinical features and treatment modality of esophageal neuroendocrine tumors: a multicenter study in Korea","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.01.006","article-title":"Survival from malignant digestive endocrine tumors in England and Wales: a population-based study","volume":"132","author":"Lepage","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5203.212","article-title":"An objective method for prediction of tracheoesophageal speech production","volume":"52","author":"Lewin","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.21629","article-title":"A 20-year retrospective study of small-cell carcinomas in Taiwan","volume":"102","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0490","first-page":"427","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma: an unusual location in a young healthy female","volume":"20","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gastrointestin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2013.46.5.576","article-title":"Successful endoscopic mucosal resection of a low esophageal carcinoid tumor","volume":"46","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Endosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0500","first-page":"415","article-title":"[Oat-cell carcinoma of the esophagus: presentation of two cases and literature review]","volume":"99","author":"Linan Padilla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2009.00981.x","article-title":"Superficial primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 15 cases","volume":"23","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2204-7","article-title":"Management of small cell carcinoma of esophagus in China","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31818e1247","article-title":"Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"3","author":"Lv","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012221708372","article-title":"Small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus: report of three cases and review of the literature with emphasis on therapy","volume":"12","author":"Madroszyk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2050.2002.00244.x","article-title":"Effectiveness of preoperative chemotherapy using carboplatin (CBDCA) and surgery against an esophageal small cell carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Makino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.08.030","article-title":"Dosimetric comparison of helical tomotherapy, RapidArc, and a novel IMRT & Arc technique for esophageal carcinoma","volume":"101","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31816bf41f","article-title":"Retrospective study of clinicopathologic features and prognosis of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"32","author":"Maru","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-014-0178-0","article-title":"Esophageal neuroendocrine tumor metastatic to the pineal region","volume":"31","author":"Matsuda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-006361","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of gastro-oesophageal junction with remarkable response to chemo-radiotherapy","volume":"2012","author":"Matsunaga","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-005-0502-0","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus responding to fourth-line chemotherapy with weekly paclitaxel","volume":"10","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940101)73:1<1::AID-CNCR2820730102>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Long-term survival associated with metastatic small cell carcinoma of the esophagus treated by chemotherapy, autologous bone marrow transplantation, and adjuvant radiation therapy","volume":"73","author":"McCullen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(89)90404-9","article-title":"Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"47","author":"McFadden","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700640420","article-title":"Oat-cell carcinoma of the oesophagus","volume":"64","author":"McKeown","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Pathol. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(20000115)88:2<262::AID-CNCR3>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer center experience and literature review","volume":"88","author":"Medgyesy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.01.008","article-title":"Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are associated with improved outcomes over surgery and chemotherapy in the management of limited-stage small cell esophageal carcinoma","volume":"106","author":"Meng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930590115","article-title":"Hyperthermochemoradiotherapy is effective for small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"59","author":"Mimori","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2050.2000.00124.x","article-title":"Long-term survivors after the resection of limited esophageal small cell carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Mitani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19890201)63:3<564::AID-CNCR2820630328>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"63","author":"Mori","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0595","first-page":"4045","article-title":"Conversion to neuroendocrine carcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus after definitive chemoradiotherapy","volume":"36","author":"Morita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0600","first-page":"595","article-title":"Long-term survival of advanced small cell carcinoma of the esophagus after resection: a case report","volume":"33","author":"Muguruma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.07.021","article-title":"External beam radiotherapy combined with intraluminal brachytherapy in esophageal carcinoma","volume":"102","author":"Muijs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01887291","article-title":"Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: case presentation and review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Mulder","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-012-0510-8","article-title":"Complete response of esophageal small cell carcinoma amrubicin treatment","volume":"19","author":"Nagasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-011-0332-1","article-title":"Non-surgical approach to small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: does this rare disease have the same tumor behavior as SCLC?","volume":"17","author":"Nakajima","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0625","first-page":"EC04","article-title":"Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus - an eight year retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"Nayal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-200208000-00017","article-title":"Radiation therapy for limited-stage small-cell esophageal cancer","volume":"25","author":"Nemoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0635","first-page":"31","article-title":"Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: clinico- pathological features and therapeutic options","volume":"37","author":"Nevarez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Health Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.07.015","article-title":"Feasibility of tomotherapy to reduce normal lung and cardiac toxicity for distal esophageal cancer compared to three-dimensional radiotherapy","volume":"101","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19891001)64:7<1531::AID-CNCR2820640729>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The Memorial Hospital experience 1970 to 1987","volume":"64","author":"Nichols","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9098(199702)64:2<130::AID-JSO8>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Tumor spread and outcome of treatment in primary esophageal small cell carcinoma","volume":"64","author":"Nishimaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003034","article-title":"Irinotecan plus cisplatin compared with etoposide plus cisplatin for extensive small-cell lung cancer","volume":"346","author":"Noda","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2050.2003.00341.x","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus; clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of six cases","volume":"16","author":"Noguchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/27.2.95","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a case report","volume":"27","author":"Ohmura","year":"1997","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0670","first-page":"5037","article-title":"Irinotecan plus cisplatin in patients with extensive-disease poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"34","author":"Okuma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31815c4037","article-title":"Extended transthoracic resection compared with limited transhiatal resection for adenocarcinoma of the mid\/distal esophagus: five-year survival of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"246","author":"Omloo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0680","first-page":"1245","article-title":"Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of surgically resected small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"9","author":"Osugi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2012.44.3.157","article-title":"Current trends of the incidence and pathological diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) in Korea 2000-2009: multicenter study","volume":"44","author":"P. Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of Korean Society of","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)04061-4","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: the Tata Memorial Hospital experience","volume":"74","author":"Pantvaidya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19931015)72:8<2320::AID-CNCR2820720806>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Five-year survival after transhiatal resection of esophageal carcinoid tumor with a lymph node metastasis","volume":"72","author":"Partensky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174382","article-title":"Enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in oesophageal cancer surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Pisarska","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0748-7983(97)92949-8","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the oesophagus","volume":"23","author":"Poynton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02503.x","article-title":"Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical definition of component neoplasms in an unusual gastro-oesophageal collision tumour","volume":"10","author":"Purdy","year":"1986","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0715","first-page":"690","article-title":"Esophageal small-cell cancer: study of a rare disease","volume":"26","author":"Raja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3109\/01913128009141439","article-title":"Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the esophagus","volume":"1","author":"Reyes","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ultrastruct. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-004-1080-7","article-title":"CDX2 as a marker of intestinal EC-cells and related well-differentiated endocrine tumors","volume":"445","author":"Rosa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197509)36:3<1042::AID-CNCR2820360330>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Small cell epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus. An oat-cell-like carcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Rosen","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2010.09.001","article-title":"Adding external beam to intra-luminal brachytherapy improves palliation in obstructive squamous cell oesophageal cancer: a prospective multi-centre randomized trial of the International Atomic Energy Agency","volume":"97","author":"Rosenblatt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19830515)51:10<1944::AID-CNCR2820511033>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Multiple small cell carcinomas of the esophagus","volume":"51","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.41.4.318","article-title":"Primary oat cell carcinoma of the oesophagus","volume":"41","author":"Sabanathan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-009-0197-9","article-title":"Clinical features of primary small cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus: a retrospective analysis of 12 surgically resected cases","volume":"6","author":"Sadanaga N","year":"2009","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-14-0410","article-title":"Microsatellite unstable gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas: a new clinicopathologic entity","volume":"22","author":"Sahnane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0760","first-page":"e646","article-title":"Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor of the esophagus with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and brain metastasis: a success story","volume":"8","author":"Saif","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4660","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i42.4660","article-title":"Systematic review of health-related quality of life after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer","volume":"17","author":"Scarpa","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-017-9978-x","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors of the esophagus: state of the art in diagnostic and therapeutic management","volume":"48","author":"Schizas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-200468","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the oesophagus: a rare cause of dysphagia","volume":"2013","author":"Schuerle","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyi241","article-title":"Small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus associated with a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome: a case report documenting a complete response","volume":"36","author":"Shimoda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.5761\/atcs.cr.12.01919","article-title":"Successful chemoradiotherapy for small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus in an octogenarian Japanese woman: report of the oldest case and review of long-term survival cases","volume":"20","author":"Shinohara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.6884","article-title":"Anti-Hu-associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis with esophageal small cell carcinoma","volume":"51","author":"Shirafuji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.46.1.76","article-title":"Malignant carcinoid tumour of the oesophagus","volume":"46","author":"Siegal","year":"1991","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0800","first-page":"303","article-title":"[Treatment and prognosis of primary esophageal small cell carcinoma: a report of 151 cases]","volume":"28","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ai Zheng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds276","article-title":"Predictive and prognostic factors for treatment and survival in 305 patients with advanced gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma (WHO G3): the NORDIC NEC study","volume":"24","author":"Sorbye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200703010-00001","article-title":"Management of primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"120","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. (Engl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3054","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.12.071","article-title":"Phase III study of concurrent versus sequential thoracic radiotherapy in combination with cisplatin and etoposide for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: results of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study 9104","volume":"20","author":"Takada","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(99)90279-4","article-title":"Primary undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"30","author":"Takubo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19871201)60:11<2613::AID-CNCR2820601106>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Effective chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"60","author":"Tanabe","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2009.01045.x","article-title":"Surgical management for small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"23","author":"Tanaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.3.11368","article-title":"Management of treatment-naive limited-stage small cell esophagus carcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Tao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428049","article-title":"Argyrophil cell carcinoma (apudoma) of the esophagus. A histopathologic entity","volume":"371","author":"Tateishi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Virchows Arch. A Pathol. Anat. Histol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0845","first-page":"109","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the oesophagus: a clinical and immunohistopathological review","volume":"16","author":"Tennvall","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0850","first-page":"485","article-title":"Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus: report of 6 cases with immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analysis of KIT and PDGFRA","volume":"6","author":"Terada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1701956","article-title":"Syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"24","author":"Tetreault","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4103\/1450-1147.207283","article-title":"(177)Lu-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in metastatic or advanced and inoperable primary neuroendocrine tumors of rare sites","volume":"16","author":"Thapa","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-2803.2017v54n1-01","article-title":"Primary neuroendocrine neoplasm of the esophagus - Report of 14 cases from a single institute and review of the literature","volume":"54","author":"Tustumi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arq. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000318589","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus treated with esophagectomy and following chemotherapy: case report with review of the literature","volume":"45","author":"Usami","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Surg. Res."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0875","first-page":"E16","article-title":"Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) of the esophagogastric junction predominantly consisting of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma","volume":"45","author":"Veits","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2010.01133.x","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a multicentre Rare Cancer network study","volume":"24","author":"Vos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.44.9.751","article-title":"Treatment of oesophageal small cell carcinoma by combined chemotherapy and surgical resection: report of two cases and review of published cases","volume":"44","author":"Walker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22179","article-title":"The significance of neuroendocrine differentiation in adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction after preoperative chemoradiation","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4121","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.34.3616","article-title":"DNA repair capacity in peripheral lymphocytes predicts survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0900","first-page":"342","article-title":"The 2002 AJCC TNM classification is a better predictor of primary small cell esophageal carcinoma outcome than the VALSG staging system","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90154-4","article-title":"Watery diarrhea-hypokalemia-achlorhydria syndrome and carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"88","author":"Watson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2009.08.036","article-title":"The effect of planning algorithms in oesophageal radiotherapy in the context of the SCOPE 1 trial","volume":"93","author":"Wills","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.5858\/2000-124-0411-ECTLCN","article-title":"Esophageal collision tumor (Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and papillary carcinoma) arising in a Barrett esophagus","volume":"124","author":"Wilson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3680","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i24.3680","article-title":"Primary small cell carcinoma of esophagus: report of 9 cases and review of literature","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12230","article-title":"Role of surgery in the management and prognosis of limited-stage small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"28","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)02528-5","article-title":"Long-term survival after resection for small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"72","author":"Yachida","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12385","article-title":"Esophageal carcinoid tumor treated by endoscopic resection","volume":"27","author":"Yagi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12473","article-title":"Multicenter retrospective analysis of systemic chemotherapy for advanced neuroendocrine carcinoma of the digestive system","volume":"105","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2007.02135.x","article-title":"Esophageal pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma combined with small cell carcinoma","volume":"57","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pathol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2008.00863.x","article-title":"Concurrent chemoradiation alone with curative intent for limited-disease small-cell esophageal cancer in nine Japanese patients","volume":"22","author":"Yamashita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-013-0796-0","article-title":"NSE can predict the sensitivity to definitive chemoradiotherapy of small cell carcinoma of esophagus","volume":"31","author":"Yan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0960","first-page":"1792","article-title":"Small cell type neuroendocrine carcinoma colliding with squamous cell carcinoma at esophagus","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2007.00635.x","article-title":"Non-operative management of small cell carcinoma of esophagus","volume":"20","author":"Yau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-509X.178436","article-title":"Squamous cell and neuroendocrine carcinoma of esophagus: collision versus composite tumor: a case report and review of literature","volume":"52","author":"Yazici","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/870783","article-title":"A rare cause of the cough: primary small cell carcinoma of esophagus-case report","volume":"2012","author":"Yekeler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-7-38","article-title":"Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 21 cases","volume":"7","author":"Yun","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-19","article-title":"High-incidence of PTEN mutations in Chinese patients with primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2718-y","article-title":"DNA repair gene polymorphisms and clinical outcome of patients with primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012_bib0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12069","article-title":"Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: review of 64 cases from a single institution","volume":"27","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"}],"container-title":["Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1040842818302002?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1040842818302002?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T19:29:39Z","timestamp":1760902179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1040842818302002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":199,"alternative-id":["S1040842818302002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-8428"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-8428","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A rare rarity: Neuroendocrine tumor of the esophagus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.02.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}